Geomagnetic observations at Halley Bay

1960 ◽  
Vol 256 (1285) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Line Current ◽  
The Difference ◽  
June July ◽  
Geomagnetic Observations

(1) The annual variation of geomagnetic activity is described on the basis of monthly mean K -indices for three selections of days according to activity. (2) The difference between the diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity, as defined by K -indices, in June and December is shown to be due to a universal effect accounted for by the annual change in the diurnal variation of the angle between the earth’s geomagnetic axis and the line joining the sun and earth. (3) The observed field changes in winter (May, June, July) are interpreted as being due to a disturbing line current in the ionosphere; the diurnal variation and movement of this current are described.

III. Extract of a letter from Professor Langberg of Christiania to Colonel Sabine, dated June 10th, 1855. Communicated by Colonel Sabine, V. P. and Treas. R. S

1856 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 434-436
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Enormous Quantity ◽  
June 10Th

“Of all the important results from the discussions of the British Colonial Observatory, the discovery of the direct action of the sun on the magnetism of the earth is certainly a fact of the highest interest, in opening quite a new field for investigation; and few modern discoveries in this branch of science have interested me more than yours of the annual variation of the diurnal variation of declination. It seems that M. Secchi of Rome has nearly touched at the same discovery, and I am indeed glad that the enormous quantity of calculations, which you are superintending, did not prevent you from publishing your results before the ripening fruit was plucked by another.

XVI. A table of the mean declination of the magnet in each decade from January 1858 to December 1863, derived from the observations made at the Magnetic Observatory at Lisbon; showing the annual variation, or semiannual inequality to which that element is subject. Drawn up by the superintendent of the Lisbon observatory, Senhor da Silveira, and communicated by Major-General Sabine, R. A., President of the Royal Society

1864 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 347-349
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Magnetic Observatory ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The West ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

I have much pleasure in communicating to the Fellows of the Royal Society a copy of a Table which I have received from the Superintendent of the Magnetic Observatory at Lisbon, containing the mean values of the Decimation in each Decade from the commencement of 1858 to the close of 1863, with corrections applied for the mean secular change, and showing, in a final column, the difference in each decade of the observed from the mean annual value derived from the 216 decades. This Table is a counter-part of Table VII. in Art. XII. of the Philosophical Transactions for 1863, p. 292, differing only in the substitution in the Lisbon Table of decades for weeks, and the addition of the year 1863. This general confirmation by the Lisbon Observatory of the annual variation to which the Declination is subject, “the north end of the magnet pointing more towards the East when the sun is north of the Equator, and more towards the West when the sun is south of the Equator,” is very satisfactory. In the Lisbon Table the disturbances have not been eliminated.

scholarly journals The light of the night sky: Analysis of intensity variations observed at the Cape, at Canberra and in England

1930 ◽  
Vol 126 (801) ◽  
pp. 246-259 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Period Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Night Sky

The purpose of the present communication is primarily to analyse the observations of the light of the night sky secured at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, with a visual photometer designed and supplied by Lord Rayleigh, and to discuss the variations in the observed brightness in connection with the variations given by observations elsewhere. In a series of communications to the Society, Rayleigh has found evidence for the following variations :— (1) A long-period variation, which is suspected to be related to the sun-spot period. (2) An annual variation. (3) A variation through the night (diurnal variation).

Fibrinolysis and Alimentary Lipaemia in Whites and Bantus; Their Relationship and Response to Intravenous Heparin

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lackner ◽  
R Sougin-Mibashan
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Intravenous Heparin ◽  
The Difference

Summary and Conclusion1. Diurnal variation in fibrinolysis is marked in the Whites and almost absent in the Bantu. >2. The difference in fibrinolytic activity beween White and Bantu has been confirmed, but was found to decrease over the course of the morning due to diurnal variation in the White subjects.3. The ingestion of butter fat does not inhibit fibrinolysis to any appreciable extent in either White or Bantu.4. The accelerating effect of heparin on fibrinolysis was found to be present in lipaemic plasma, but appears to be distinct from the fat-clearing effect.

Data Fusion of Total Solar Irradiance Composite Time Series Using 40 years of Satellite Measurements: First Results 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Montillet ◽  
Wolfgang Finsterle ◽  
Werner Schmutz ◽  
Margit Haberreiter ◽  
Rok Sikonja
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Difference

<p><span>Since the late 70’s, successive satellite missions have been monitoring the sun’s activity, recording total solar irradiance observations. These measurements are important to estimate the Earth’s energy imbalance, </span><span>i.e. the difference of energy absorbed and emitted by our planet. Climate modelers need the solar forcing time series in their models in order to study the influence of the Sun on the Earth’s climate. With this amount of TSI data, solar irradiance reconstruction models  can be better validated which can also improve studies looking at past climate reconstructions (e.g., Maunder minimum). V</span><span>arious algorithms have been proposed in the last decade to merge the various TSI measurements over the 40 years of recording period. We have developed a new statistical algorithm based on data fusion.  The stochastic noise processes of the measurements are modeled via a dual kernel including white and coloured noise.  We show our first results and compare it with previous releases (PMOD,ACRIM, ... ). </span></p>

scholarly journals I.—Secular Earth-Creep

1909 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. L. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Gravitational Pull ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Horizontal Pendulum

Dr. J. R. Sutton has recently read a most important paper to the Royal Society of South Africa on the diurnal variation of level at Kimberley. The paper gave the preliminary results of observations made during the course of three years upon the variation of the level of the ground as recorded by a large horizontal pendulum of a special design made for the author by the Cambridge Instrument Company. It appeared from the results that the movements in the surface of the ground, which set up corresponding movements in the pendulum, were very great. The maximum westerly elongation of the extremity of the pendulum occurred about 5.30 a.m., the maximum easterly about 4.15 p.m., the medium positions a little before 11 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. Geometrically these movements may be represented on the hypothesis that the hemisphere facing the sun bulges out, forming a sort of meniscus to the geosphere. The rise and fall of the surface of the ground which such a supposition would postulate is enormous, and the very magnitude has led Dr. Sutton to hesitate in giving the figures. There can, however, be very little doubt that some rise and fall in the earth's surface is occasioned by the sun's gravitational pull, although the present figures may have to be lessened by taking into consideration other causes which contribute to the disturbance of the pendulum.

scholarly journals XXXIV. Observations on the transit of Ve­nus, June the 6th, 1761, made in Spital-Square; the longitude of which is 4' 11" west of the Royal Observatory at Green­wich, and the latitude 51° 31' 15" north

1761 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 182-183
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Having measured the diameter of Venus, on the sun, three times, with the object-glass micrometer, the mean was found to be 58 seconds; and but 6/10 of a second, the difference of the extremes.

scholarly journals Physical meaning of the equinoctial effect for semi-annual variation in geomagnetic activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1909-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Physical Meaning ◽  
Solar Wind Velocity ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Solar Wind Parameters

Abstract. Physical meaning of the equinoctial effect for semi-annual variation in geomagnetic activity is investigated based on the three-hourly am index and solar wind parameters. When the z component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in geocentric solar magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates is southward, am indices are well correlated with BsVx2, where Bs is the southward component of the IMF and Vx is the solar wind velocity in the sun-earth direction. The am-BsVx2 relationship, however, depends on the range of Vx2: the am in higher ranges of Vx2 tends to be larger than am in lower ranges of Vx2 for the same value of BsVx2 for both equinoctial and solstitial epochs. Using the data sets of the same Vx2 range, it is shown that distribution of points in the am-BsVx2 diagram at the solstitial epochs overlaps with that at the equinoctial epochs and the average am values in each BsVx2 bin in solstitial epochs are closely consistent with those in equinoctial epochs, if Vx2 for each point at solstices are reduced to Vx2sin2 (Ψ) where Ψ is the geomagnetic colatitude of the sub-solar point. Further, it is shown that monthly averages of the am index in the long period is well correlated with the values of sin2(ψ) for the middle day of each month. These findings indicate that the factor that contributes to the generation of geomagnetic disturbance is not the velocity of the solar wind, but the component of the solar wind velocity perpendicular to the dipole axis of the geomagnetic field. The magnitude of the perpendicular velocity component varies semi-annually even if the solar wind velocity remains constant, which is considered to be the long-missed key factor causing the equinoctial effect.

scholarly journals Possible values of UV index in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milorad Letic
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
June July ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Ozone Column

INTRODUCTION UV Index is an indicator of human exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) rays. The numerical values of the UV Index range from 1-11 and above. There are three levels of protection against UV radiation; low values of the UV Index - protection is not required, medium values of the UV Index - protection is recommended and high values of the UV Index - protection is obligatory. The value of the UV Index primarily depends on the elevation of the sun and total ozone column. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the intervals of possible maximal annual values of the UV Index in Serbia in order to determine the necessary level of protection in a simple manner. METHOD For maximal and minimal expected values of total column ozone and for maximal elevation of the sun, the value of the UV Index was determined for each month in the Northern and Southern parts of Serbia. These values were compared with the forecast of the UV Index. RESULTS Maximal clear sky values of the UV Index in Serbia for altitudes up to 500m in May, June, July and August can be 9 or even 10, and not less than 5 or 6. During November, December, January and February the UV Index can be 4 at most. During March, April, September and October the expected values of the UV Index are maximally 7 and not less than 3. The forecast of the UV Index is within these limits in 98% of comparisons. CONCLUSION The described method of determination of possible UV Index values showed a high agreement with forecasts. The obtained results can be used for general recommendations in the protection against UV radiation.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Pembayangan yang dihasilkan Pohon dan Bangunan di Koridor Jalan Perkotaan Untuk Mencapai Kenyamanan Termal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Jockie Zudhy Fibrianto ◽  
Mochamad Hilmy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Road ◽  
Analysis Phase ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Road Corridors ◽  
East West

The road corridor in Pontianak City has different shading output depending on the sun orientation. The difference has caused a temperature difference that affects the pedestrian thermal comfort along the corridor. Identification and measurement of shading temperatures that occur due to buildings and trees were carried out for three days in each afternoon with relatively similar weather conditions. The road corridor that becomes the research location was at A. Yani St.-Gajah Mada St.-Tanjung Pura St., which has a North-South orientation and Teuku Umar St.-Diponegoro St.-Sisingamangaraja St., who has an East-West direction. The analysis phase is done by comparing the effectiveness of imagery produced by buildings and trees. After that, the identification and measurement results are compared with Indonesian thermal comfort standards SNI T-14-1993-03 to obtain suitable thermal comfort in the road corridors in Pontianak City.

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