Computed Tomographic Trochlear Depth Measurement in Normal Dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena De Giacinto ◽  
Daniele Troiano ◽  
Francesco Denti ◽  
Michela Buiatti ◽  
Massimo Petazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Depth Measurement ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Patellar Thickness

Objectives The main purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between patellar maximal craniocaudal thickness and femoral trochlear groove depth in normal dogs and to valuate the intra-observer or inter-observer variability of maximal trochlear depth and maximal patellar craniocaudal thickness using computed tomography. Methods Trochlear groove depth and patellar maximal craniocaudal thickness of 40 limbs (20 dogs) were measured by three independent veterinarians using three-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction computed tomography images. The patellar maximal craniocaudal thickness/trochlear depth ratio was determined. Results The mean ratio of these stifles was 0.46 (range 0.24–0.70), meaning that the mean maximal depth of the trochlea was 46% of the mean maximal-patellar thickness. Clinical Significance A wide range of maximal–patellar–craniocaudal–thickness/maximal trochlear-depth ratio was found suggesting that breed studies should be performed to determine a breed-specific patellar-thickness/trochlear-depth ratio. To make decisions on when and where to perform a sulcoplasty during patellar luxation surgery, patella/trochlea thickness relationship should be measured for each breed with patellar tracking from stifle hyperflexion to stifle hyperextension.

The length and position of the long axis of the scaphoid measured by analysis of three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography images

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Guo ◽  
G. L. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spiral Computed Tomography ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Spiral Computed ◽  
Proximal Point ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Distal Point ◽  
Dorsal Ridge ◽  
The Mean

We established the maximum length and the position of the long axis of the scaphoid from three-dimensional reconstructions of spiral computed tomography in 30 pairs of wrists. The distance between two points on the three-dimensional scaphoid surface model were calculated using commercially available software and corresponding coordinates of the two points were documented. The mean length was 29.3 (SD 1.6) mm for men and 26.6 (SD 1.8) mm for women. The location of the distal point was at the centre of the scaphoid tuberosity, with the proximal point of the long axis located at the dorsal ridge of the scapholunate facet.

scholarly journals Comparing the Use of 3D Photogrammetry and Computed Tomography in Assessing the Severity of Single-Suture Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia A. Ho ◽  
Nikoo Saber ◽  
Derek Stephens ◽  
April Clausen ◽  
James Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
3D Photogrammetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Single Suture

Purpose: Single-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is diagnosed using clinical assessment and computed tomography (CT). With increasing awareness of the associated risks of radiation exposure, the use of CT is particularly concerning in patients with craniosynostosis since they are exposed at a younger age and more frequently than the average child. Three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry is advantageous—it involves no radiation, is conveniently obtainable within clinic, and does not require general anaesthesia. This study aims to assess how 3D photogrammetry compares to CT in the assessment of craniosynostosis severity, to quantify surgical outcomes, and analyze the validity of 3D photogrammetry in craniosynostosis. Methods: Computed tomography images and 3D photographs of patients who underwent craniosynostosis surgery were assessed and aligned to best fit. The intervening area between the CT and 3D photogrammetry curves at the supraorbital bar (bandeau) level in axial view was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were determined and equivalence margins were applied. Results: In total, 41 pairs of CTs and 3D photographs were analyzed. The 95% confidence interval was 198.16 to 264.18 mm2 and the mean was 231.17 mm2. When comparisons were made in the same bandeau region omitting the temporalis muscle, the 95% confidence interval was 108.94 to 147.38 mm2, and the mean was 128.16 mm2. Although statistically significant difference between the modalities was found, they can be attributable to the dampening effect of soft tissue. Conclusion: Within certain error margins, 3D photogrammetry is comparable to CT in assessing the severity of single-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. However, a dampening effect can be attributable to the soft tissue. Three-dimensional photogrammetry may be more applicable for severe cases of craniosynostosis but not milder deformity. It may also be beneficial for assessing the overall appearance and aesthetics but not for determining underlying bony severity.

scholarly journals Immersive 3D virtual reality imaging in planning minimally invasive and complex adult cardiac surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Amir H Sadeghi ◽  
Wouter Bakhuis ◽  
Frank Van Schaagen ◽  
Frans B S Oei ◽  
Jos A Bekkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

Abstract Aims Increased complexity in cardiac surgery over the last decades necessitates more precise preoperative planning to minimize operating time, to limit the risk of complications during surgery and to aim for the best possible patient outcome. Novel, more realistic, and more immersive techniques, such as three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) could potentially contribute to the preoperative planning phase. This study shows our initial experience on the implementation of immersive VR technology as a complementary research-based imaging tool for preoperative planning in cardiothoracic surgery. In addition, essentials to set up and implement a VR platform are described. Methods Six patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between March 2020 and August 2020, were included, based on request by the surgeon and availability of computed tomography images. After 3D VR rendering and 3D segmentation of specific structures, the reconstruction was analysed via a head mount display. All participating surgeons (n = 5) filled out a questionnaire to evaluate the use of VR as preoperative planning tool for surgery. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that immersive 3D VR visualization of anatomy might be beneficial as a supplementary preoperative planning tool for cardiothoracic surgery, and further research on this topic may be considered to implement this innovative tool in daily clinical practice. Lay summary Over the past decades, surgery on the heart and vessels is becoming more and more complex, necessitating more precise and accurate preoperative planning. Nowadays, operative planning is feasible on flat, two-dimensional computer screens, however, requiring a lot of spatial and three-dimensional (3D) thinking of the surgeon. Since immersive 3D virtual reality (VR) is an upcoming imaging technique with promising results in other fields of surgery, we aimed in this study to explore the additional value of this technique in heart surgery. Our surgeons planned six different heart operations by visualizing computed tomography scans with a dedicated VR headset, enabling them to visualize the patient’s anatomy in an immersive and 3D environment. The outcomes of this preliminary study are positive, with a much more reality-like simulation for the surgeon. In such, VR could potentially be beneficial as a preoperative planning tool for complex heart surgery.

Total Wrist Arthroplasty Alignment and Its Potential Association with Clinical Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bardiya Akhbari ◽  
Kalpit N. Shah ◽  
Amy M. Morton ◽  
Janine Molino ◽  
Douglas C. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radial Component ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Total Wrist Arthroplasty ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Wrist Arthroplasty

Abstract Purpose There is a lack of quantitative research that describes the alignment and, more importantly, the effects of malalignment on total wrist arthroplasty (TWA). The main goal of this pilot study was to assess the alignment of TWA components in radiographic images and compare them with measures computed by three-dimensional analysis. Using these measures, we then determined if malalignment is associated with range of motion (ROM) or clinical outcomes (PRWHE, PROMIS, QuickDash, and grip strength). Methods Six osteoarthritic patients with a single type of TWA were recruited. Radiographic images, computed tomography images, and clinical outcomes of the wrists were recorded. Using posteroanterior and lateral radiographs, alignment measurements were defined for the radial and carpal components. Radiographic measurements were validated with models reconstructed from computed tomography images using Bland–Altman analysis. Biplanar videoradiography (<1mm and <1 degree accuracy) was used to capture and compute ROM of the TWA components. Linear regression assessed the associations between alignment and outcomes. Results Radiographic measures had a 95% limit-of-agreement (mean difference ±  1.96 × SD) of 3 degrees and 3mm with three-dimensional values, except for the measures of the carpal component in the lateral view. In our small cohort, wrist flexion–extension and radial–ulnar deviation were correlated with volar–dorsal tilt and volar–dorsal offset of the radial component and demonstrated a ROM increase of 3.7 and 1.6 degrees per degree increase in volar tilt, and 10.8 and 4.2 degrees per every millimeter increase in volar offset. The carpal component's higher volar tilt was also associated with improvements in patient-reported pain. Conclusions We determined metrics describing the alignment of TWA, and found the volar tilt and volar offset of the radial component could potentially influence the replaced wrist's ROM. Clinical Relevance TWA component alignment can be measured reliably in radiographs, and may be associated with clinical outcomes. Future studies must evaluate its role in a larger cohort.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional assessment of the anterior and inferior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve using computed tomography images in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Young Kim ◽  
Michael D. Han ◽  
Kug Jin Jeon ◽  
Jong-Ki Huh ◽  
Kwang-Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Body

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in configuration and dimensions of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry. Method Preoperative computed tomography images of patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to December 2018 at a single institution were analyzed. Subjects were classified into two groups as “Asymmetry group” and “Symmetry group”. The distance from the most anterior and most inferior points of the ALIAN (IANant and IANinf) to the vertical and horizontal reference planes were measured (dAnt and dInf). The distance from IANant and IANinf to the mental foramen were also calculated (dAnt_MF and dInf_MF). The length of the mandibular body and symphysis area were measured. All measurements were analyzed using 3D analysis software. Results There were 57 total eligible subjects. In the Asymmetry group, dAnt and dAnt_MF on the non-deviated side were significantly longer than the deviated side (p < 0.001). dInf_MF on the non-deviated side was also significantly longer than the deviated side (p = 0.001). Mandibular body length was significantly longer on the non-deviated side (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in length in the symphysis area (p = 0.623). In the Symmetry group, there was no difference between the left and right sides for all variables. Conclusion In asymmetric patients, there is a difference tendency in the ALIAN between the deviated and non-deviated sides. In patients with mandibular asymmetry, this should be considered during surgery in the anterior mandible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of the Sulcus Angle and Lateral to Medial Facet Ratio of the Patellar Groove on Patella Tracking in Aging Subjects with Stable Knee Joint

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jianghui Qin ◽  
Dongyang Chen ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Dongquan Shi ◽  
Jin Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Patellar Tilt ◽  
Sulcus Angle ◽  
Lateral Tilt ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Patella Tracking

Purpose.To determine whether the sulcus angle and the lateral to medial facet ratio correlate with patella lateral displacement and tilt in patients without patella instability.Methods.Computed tomography images of the lower limb of 64 patients without known arthropathy were collected. Three-dimensional models of the lower limb with a unified coordinate system were rebuilt by using Mimics software. The sulcus angle, lateral to medial facet ratio, lateral trochlear inclination of the patellar groove, tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, bisect offset index, and lateral tilt of the patella were measured. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the aforementioned parameters.Results.Data from 51 patients were analyzed. The sulcus angle was negatively correlated with lateral tilt inclination (p<0.001,r=0.8406) and positively correlated with the bisect offset index (p=0.003,r=0.634) and patellar tilt (p=0.03,r=0.551); the lateral to medial facet ratio was positively correlated with TT-TG distance (p=0.003,r=0.643) and bisect offset index (p=0.026,r=0.559).Conclusion.The sulcus angle and lateral to medial facet ratio of the patellar groove can influence patella tracking in patients with stable knee joints.

Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Optic Canal

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P74-P74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine K Hart ◽  
Lee A Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Optic Canal ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Nerve Decompression ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Optic Nerve Decompression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Area

Objective (1) Analyze the radiographic anatomy of the optic canal in relationship to the sphenoid sinus. (2) Understand the role variation in optic canal anatomy may have in the variability of outcomes in optic nerve decompression. Methods Fine cut computed tomography images of the sinuses were obtained with an IRB waiver. Optic canal dimensions were measured on sinus computed tomography images of 96 patients. 191 optic canals were analyzed (111 females, 80 males). Student T-test calculations were performed for statistical analysis on computer software. Results The average medial canal wall length was 1.48 centimeters (range 0.7–2.3). The length in males was 1.61 centimeters (1.1–2.3) as compared to 1.39 centimeters (0.7–2.0) in females (p=8.0–7). The average degree of exposure of the optic canal exposed to the sphenoid sinus was 101.3 degrees (56–176). The degree of exposure was 105.6 in males versus 98.2 in females (p=.01). The potential area of canal exposed to the sphenoid sinus was 0.66 centimeters squared or 28% of the total surface area. The potential area exposed to the sphenoid sinus in males was 0.76cm2 (28%) and 0.58 centimeters squared (27%) in females. Conclusions A wide range in medial canal wall length and exposure of the bony optic canal to the sphenoid sinus exists on CT images. The variation in medial canal wall length and in optic canal exposure to the sphenoid sinus may contribute to the variability in success rates of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for optic neuropathy.

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