scholarly journals Hemostasis in Nonmammalian Vertebrates: An Overview

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean W. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Lower Vertebrate ◽  
Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Plasma Factors ◽  
Plug Formation ◽  
Exact Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Progression

A common feature of comparative hemostasis throughout the animal kingdom is the participation of cell aggregation and plasma coagulation processes in the sealing of wounds. This applies to many invertebrates and all vertebrates. It is tempting therefore to assume a direct evolutionary progression from primitive invertebrates to advanced vertebrates. The major factors contributing to hemostatic plug formation and dissolution (vessel contraction, plasma coagulation, platelet or thrombocyte reactions and fibrinolysis) are present to greater or lesser extent in most nonmammalian vertebrates including Cyclostomes, Elasmobranchs, Bony Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds. Of these functions, the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction has evolved as the final stage of the coagulation mechanism of all vertebrates. Prothrombin conversion to thrombin, accomplished by a tissue factor, is also common to all classes of vertebrates although the plasma factors involved in prothrombin activation have not been delineated for many lower forms of vertebrates. Similarly the exact relationship between the various types of cells involved in hemostasis has yet to be established. Although mammalian platelets probably were derived from invertebrate and lower vertebrate thrombocytes, this is yet to be proven. The challenge remains to develop a more thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms of hemostasis and thereby provide additional biochemical evidence for evolutionary progression.

Effects of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on the Coagulation Mechanism and Leukocytic Response in Beagle Dogs – A Preliminary Study

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. F Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Differential Cell Count ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
Plasma Factors

SummaryTen beagle dogs were given highly purified staphylococcal enterotoxin B intravenously and were observed and bled at intervals during a 55-day-period. Pre- and postchallenge determinations of the whole blood clotting time, clot retraction, clot lysis, total white and differential cell count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time were performed on each sample. An abnormality was indicated by each test at some point during the testing period with the exception of clot lysis. The most frequent and more severe abnormalities occurred within the first four days after challenge. The results indicate that alterations of the clotting mechanism do occur after administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin and suggests that the plasma factors are primarily involved. Changes in the leukocytic response appear to be similar to those sometimes observed in a severe bacterial infection.

Photohemotherapy of plasma coagulation factors in an athlete with a genetic predisposition to deep vein thrombosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. Павлов ◽  
Н.П. Александрова ◽  
В.И. Карандашов
Keyword(s):  
Young Athlete ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plasma Factors ◽  
Deep Vein

В статье рассматривается клинический случай развития острого венозного тромбоза у молодого спортсмена после выступления в сложных климатических условиях. Пациенту был поставлен диагноз «Окклюзионный тромбоз подключичной и подмышечной вен справа» и проведен курс консервативного лечения. Массивная антикоагулянтная терапия улучшила состояние больного, но не привела к нормализации тромботического потенциала крови. Генетическое исследование плазменных факторов системы свертывания крови выявило у пациента повышенную предрасположенность к возникновению тромбозов. Амбулаторное применение фотогемотерапии синим светом полностью нормализовадо гемостаз молодого спортсмена. The article discusses the clinical case of acute venous thrombosis in a young athlete after game in diffi cult climatic conditions. The diagnose was «Occlusive thrombosis of the subclavian and axillary veins on the right», and the patient received a course of medical treatment. Massive anticoagulant therapy improved patient’s state, but did not lead to normalization of blood thrombotic potential. Genetic testing of plasma factors of blood coagulation system revealed in patient an increased predisposition to thromboses occurrence. Outpatient use of photohemotherapy with blue light completely normalized the hemostasis of young athlete.

Ultrastructural Changes of Smoooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium by Choline Chloride

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Kazushige Hirosawa ◽  
Eichi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lower Vertebrate ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Pigment Epithelial

The pigment epithelium is located between the choriocapillary and the visual cells. The pigment epithelial cell is characterized by a large amount of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in its cytoplasm. In addition, the pigment epithelial cell of some lower vertebrate has myeloid body as a specialized form of the SER. Generally, SER is supposed to work in the lipid metabolism. However, the functions of abundant SER and myeloid body in the pigment epithelial cell are still in question. This paper reports an attempt, to depict the functions of these organelles in the frog retina by administering one of phospholipid precursors.

High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy of Biological Specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
M. Müller ◽  
R. Hermann
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Structural Preservation ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Three major factors must be concomitantly assessed in order to extract relevant structural information from the surface of biological material at high resolution (2-3nm).Procedures based on chemical fixation and dehydration in graded solvent series seem inappropriate when aiming for TEM-like resolution. Cells inevitably shrink up to 30-70% of their initial volume during gehydration; important surface components e.g. glycoproteins may be lost. These problems may be circumvented by preparation techniques based on cryofixation. Freezedrying and freeze-substitution followed by critical point drying yields improved structural preservation in TEM. An appropriate preservation of dimensional integrity may be achieved by freeze-drying at - 85° C. The sample shrinks and may partially collapse as it is warmed to room temperature for subsequent SEM study. Observations at low temperatures are therefore a necessary prerequisite for high fidelity SEM. Compromises however have been unavoidable up until now. Aldehyde prefixation is frequently needed prior to freeze drying, rendering the sample resistant to treatment with distilled water.

Trainable Children Can Learn Adjectives, Polars, and Prepositions!

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlys Mitchell ◽  
Carolyn Evans ◽  
John Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Achievement Gains ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Locative Prepositions ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Trainable Mentally Retarded

Twelve trainable mentally retarded children were given six weeks of instruction in the use of adjectives, polars, and locative prepositions. Specially prepared Language Master cards constituted the program. Posttests indicated that children in the older chronological age group earned significantly higher scores than those in the younger group. Children in the younger group made significant increases in scores, particularly in learning prepositions. A multisensory approach and active involvement in learning appeared to be major factors in achievement gains.

Endoscopic mucosal resection for recurrent gastric antral vascular ectasia

VASA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsinelos ◽  
Chatzimavroudis ◽  
Katsinelos ◽  
Panagiotopoulou ◽  
Kotakidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ◽  
Argon Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Vascular Ectasia ◽  
Mucosal Resection ◽  
First Case

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an overt or occult source of gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite several therapeutic approaches have been successfully tested for preventing chronic bleeding, some patients present recurrence of GAVE lesions. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case, of a 86-year-old woman who presented severe iron-deficiency anemia due to GAVE and showed recurrence of GAVE lesion despite the intensive argon plasma coagulation treatment. We performed endoscopic mucosal resection of bleeding GAVE with resolution of anemia.

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