scholarly journals Caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using the Cariogram

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Kavvadia ◽  
Andreas Agouropoulos ◽  
Sotiria Gizani ◽  
Lisa Papagiannouli ◽  
Svante Twetman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Determinants ◽  
Old Greek

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using a computerbased program and to evaluate the contribution of various risk factors.Methods: The study group consisted of 814 preschool children. A questionnaire on family, demographic and socioeconomic factors, general health, oral hygiene and dietary behavior was completed by the parents. Children were examined for cavitated and white-spot lesions (WSL). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and buffer capacity were estimated. Caries risk profiles were assessed with Cariogram.Results:Cavitated lesions were found in 30% of the children; WSL were found in 26% of those included. MS and low buffer capacity were detected in 28% and 26% of the children, respectively. The majority (70%) displayed neglected oral hygiene. Based on the questionnaires, 83% of the children had a cariogenic diet, and 17% did not use any form of fluoride. The Cariogram revealed that 26% of the children had high caries risk, while only 9% exhibited low caries risk. The most significant caries risk variables, determined by regression analysis (R2=0.88), were insufficient fluoride exposure (! =0.160) and the presence of WSL (!= 0.159).Conclusions: One-fourth of the children were categorised as high caries risk. The presence of WSL and lack of fluoride exposure were the most significant caries risk determinants. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:415-421)

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Different Preventive Programs in Cariogram Parameters of Young Adults at High Caries Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Karabekiroğlu ◽  
Nimet Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
High Caries Risk

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of different preventive programs in young adults at high caries risk using Cariogram software. Methods. Sixty-six young adults with high caries risk were evaluated. Dental caries risk for all subjects was determined according to WHO criteria. Subjects were divided into three different preventive groups (control: OH, fluoride varnish: FV, and chlorhexidine varnish: CV). They were followed for 12 weeks (baseline: T0, 1 week: T1, 4 weeks: T2, and 12 weeks: T3). Plaque index, diet frequency, and salivary chairside tests (to record the flow rate, buffer capacity, and mutans streptococci and lactobacillus counts) were performed at each visit. Based on these data, ten caries-related variables were collected and inserted into the Cariogram software to calculate the predicted chance of avoiding caries for each subject. Results. Significant changes were obtained about the Cariogram parameters (diet, bacteria, susceptibility, circumstances, and Cariogram risk group). No significant differences were found between the three methods regarding mean Cariogram scores after 3 months (p>0.05). Conclusions. The regular and effective short-term (three months) use of 1450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste, one visit application of fluoride, and chlorhexidine varnishes were effective for reducing caries risk in young adults, which can be clearly demonstrated using Cariogram software.

scholarly journals Caries risk assessment in pregnant women using cariogram

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Dolic ◽  
Marija Obradovic ◽  
Zeljka Kojic ◽  
Slava Sukara
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Introduction/Objective. ?Cariogram? takes into account interactions between caries-related factors and expresses a graphic assessment of the caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caries risk and different variables of Cariogram in pregnant women. Methods. This study included 96 pregnant women. At baseline, data on general health, diet, oral hygiene, and fluoride exposure were obtained. DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index was calculated by clinical examination. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts, buffer capacity, and secretion rate. Scores were entered and caries risk was assessed. The women were divided into five groups according to their Cariogram caries risk. Results. The results of the study showed that 29.17% (28) of the pregnant women had high caries risk, 21.88% (21) ? medium, 17.71% (17) ? low, 16.67% (16) ? very high, and 14.58% (14) ? very low caries risk. In an average caries risk profile of pregnant women, the dominant sector was ?Bacteria? (18.85% of the risk structure profile), followed by ?Diet? (17.97%), ?Circumstances? (15.68%), and ?Susceptibility? sector (14.65%). Conclusion. Cariogram shows that pregnant women in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, had 46.14% chance of avoiding caries in the future. The Cariogram model can successfully determine caries risk profiles for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Sugar, alternative sweeteners and meal frequency in relation to caries prevention: new perspectives

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (S1) ◽  
pp. S121-S128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kandelman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Dietary Counselling ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Health Assessments ◽  
Confectionery Products

In the last 20 years, mainly due to optimum fluoride exposure, and practice of good oral hygiene procedures, an important reduction in caries has been observed, despite the fact that sugar consumption was maintained and/or was increasing during the same lapse of time. A sugar-caries relationship cannot be established in most of the industrialized countries and the dietary factor is not as preponderant in the caries process as it used to be two decades ago. The factors which seem to contribute the most significantly to the cariogenicity of the diet are the frequency of carbohydrate ingestion and eating patterns. The relative cariogenicity of food is not correlated with the amount of carbohydrate it contains. Even if sucrose remains the most important sugar consumed in sweets, beverages and confectionery products, all fermentable-carbohydrate foods can be involved in the caries process. The use of chewing gum and other xylitol-containing products have resulted in defined reduction in caries and represent interesting alternatives for high-caries-risk populations. Caries risk and oral health assessments as well as the evaluation of oral hygiene procedures and fluoride exposure should become essential tools in dietary counselling. People who receive optimum fluoride exposure and follow regular oral hygiene measures can safely use dietary carbohydrates, preferably during meals and two to three times daily in snacks or drinks.

A differentiated approach to the dental caries prevention in children with different levels of caries risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
T. N. Tserakhava ◽  
N. V. Shakavets ◽  
E. I. Melnikava ◽  
M. I. Klenovskaya ◽  
D. N. Naumovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Health Group ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
First Permanent Molars

Relevance. Prevention of caries of the first permanent molars is one of the most relevant problems in pediatricdentistry.Purpose – to develop an algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with differentlevels of caries risk.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the implementation of the algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with different levels of caries risk. This algorithm includes a comprehensive assessment of the values of indices dmft, DMFT, OHI-S, and the patient's health group is also taken into account. The study involved 253 children aged 6-7 years divided into 4 groups: 3 groups of children depending on the health group and the control group. 3 subgroups were identified in each group – with a low, medium, and high caries risk. We developed preventive measures schemes were for children of each group including training in oral hygiene; controlled and home toothbrushing using fluoride-containing toothpastes; applications of varnishes containing fluoride, calcium, phosphates from 2 to 3 times a year; fissure sealing of the first permanent molars. We carried out these activities were for 24 months, and then evaluated theirs effectiveness. Children in the control group were trained in oral hygiene. The clinical effectiveness of medical prophylaxis was evaluated by changes in the above clinical indicators.Results. In group of children with medium caries risk the increase in caries was 0.09, and the reduction in caries was 89.65%. In children with a low and high caries risk no increase in caries was observed; the reduction in the intensity of caries was 100%. A significant decrease in OHI-S oral hygiene index values was noted in all groups (p < 0.05). We noted high preventive efficacy of fissures sealing in the first permanent molars. No occlusal surface caries developed in sealed fissures.Conclusions. The application of the proposed preventive schemes in patients demonstrates high efficacy of fluoride and calcium-containing varnishes and sealing the fissures of the first permanent molars. 

scholarly journals Study of caries risk factors in a group of Bucharest schoolchildren (2)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Cristian Funieru ◽  
◽  
Ruxandra Ionela Sfeatcu ◽  
Elena Funieru ◽  
Mihaela Răescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Real Risk

Introduction. A poor oral hygiene, a wick salivary buffering capacity or a high number of colonies of specific bacteria are real risk factors for dental caries. Material and method. This study was conducted on a sample of 46 students aged 10 to 12 years attending two schools in Bucharest. Oral hygiene assessment was made both by using questionnaires and by calculating the OHI-S score. The salivary risk factors were identified and analyzed using GC Saliva Check Buffer and GC Saliva Check Mutans tests. Results. OHI-S score for the entire group led to a moderate degree of oral hygiene. Almost 40% of pupils had a number of mutans streptococci colonies over the limit. Conclusions. The poor oral hygiene and the high number of mutans streptococci colonies in saliva found in this study lead to a high dental caries risk.

Effectiveness of CRT at Measuring the Salivary Level of Bacteria in Caries Prone Children with Probiotic Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cannon ◽  
B Trent ◽  
A Vorachek ◽  
S Kramer ◽  
R Esterly
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chewable Tablets ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Aim: This IRB approved clinical trial was to determine the effect of “over the counter” probiotic supplements on the Caries Risk Test- CRT- (Ivoclar) results of the oral microflora in high caries risk children. Study design: Sixty subjects 6 to 12 years old with a caries risk assessment (CAMBRA) of moderate to high (caries prone) were evaluated by an analysis of the difference in the salivary levels of pathogenic bacteria (mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli). The subjects were randomly selected by randomizing software and assigned to two different Groups. Group A used PerioBalance (Lactobacilli reuteri-CFU of 200 million) lozenges for 28 days. Group B used the EvoraKids ( Streptococcus uberis KJ2, Streptococcus oralis KJ3, Streptococcus rattus JH145, ≥ 100 million) probiotics chewable tablets for 30 days. Salivary samples were collected then incubated for 48 hours for colony counting and ranking. Follow up testing with the CRT was performed after 60 days at a follow up visit. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the CRT results between the pre and post use of the probiotics. PerioBalance; SM results t= -6.78 p&lt; .0001 Lactobacilli results t= -5.762, p&lt; .0001, EvoraKids SM results t= -7.33, p&lt; .0001, Lactobacilli results t= -2.952, p= .0068. Conclusions: The CRT values obtained with caries prone children may be significantly affected by probiotic use. Based on this study's results the following conclusions can be made: Both EvoraKids and PerioBalance affected the CRT results by significantly decreasing the number of S. mutans and lactobacilli present in the salivary samples.

Candida, Mutans Streptococci, Oral Hygiene and Caries in Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Peretz ◽  
Yardena Mazor ◽  
Nurit Dagon ◽  
Ronit Bar-Ness Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clear Association

Objective: to test the association between Candida and mutans streptococci (ms), oral hygiene and caries levels and in children. Methods: 22 boys and 12 girls (age 6 to 14.5 years) participated in the study. Each participant received a toothbrush, and was asked to brush his/her teeth after proper instructions. Dental caries and oral hygiene were recorded. Candida and ms levels were determined in saliva samples. Results: Candida colonies were observed in 70.5% of the children. No association was found between Candida and caries or plaque and gingival indices. C. albicans-positive children demonstrated significantly higher brushing scores. Conclusions: Our findings may suggest that there is no clear association between Candida in saliva, and levels of cariogenic bacteria and caries risk in children.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cariogenic Bacteria and pH of Dental Plaque at Margin of Fixed Prostheses

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Tanaka ◽  
Norio Mukai ◽  
Muto Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plaque Ph ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Natural Tooth ◽  
Marginal Region ◽  
Saliva Test

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether teeth that have undergone prosthetic restoration are under conditions that promote caries recurrence.Methods. The subjects were 20 dentate adults with both a healthy tooth and an affected tooth entirely covered with a complete cast crown in the molar regions of the same arch. The pH was measured in plaque adhering to the margin of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown and adhering to the cervicobuccal area of the natural tooth. In addition, the numbers of cariogenic bacteria (mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) were measured employing the saliva test. The relationships between the number of cariogenic bacteria and plaque pH of the natural tooth and between the number of cariogenic bacteria and plaque pH of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown were investigated.Results. The plaque pH of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown decreased as the numbers of SM and LB increased. The natural tooth were also influenced by the number of SM.Conclusion. Secondary caries are likely to develop from the marginal region of the crown in the oral cavity with a high caries risk unless a preventive program is prepared and the oral environment is improved following the program.

scholarly journals Caries Risk Profiles in Orthodontic Patients at Follow-Up Using Cariogram

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas H. Al Mulla ◽  
Saad Al Kharsa ◽  
Heidrun Kjellberg ◽  
Dowen Birkhed
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Abstract Objective: To analyze caries-related factors shortly after orthodontic treatment and to use the Cariogram computer program to describe caries risk profiles at follow-up in these patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred orthodontic patients age 12–29 years, with a mean age of 17.5 years, were included in the study. They were divided into two groups (50 in each) based on their prebonding decayed, filled surfaces index (DFS). High (5 ≥ DFS) and low (2 ≤ DFS) groups were created. All patients were examined after debonding in the following order: interview, plaque score, caries examination, saliva samples, bitewing radiographs, panoramic radiographs, and intra-oral digital photos. All types of carious lesions in both the enamel and dentine were diagnosed clinically and radiographically and included in the DFS index. A paraffin-stimulated whole saliva sample was collected for estimations of secretion rate, buffer capacity, and number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Results: The low caries group (2 ≤ DFS) displayed a statistically significant difference and low values for the following factors, DFS (P &lt; .001), lactobacilli (P &lt; .001), mutans streptococci (P &lt; .001), and high Cariogram percent (P &lt; .001). The plaque index displayed very close significance (P = .051). Conclusions: Patients with high (5 ≥ DFS) numbers before orthodontic treatment ran a higher risk of developing caries. They had significantly higher numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and had less chance of avoiding new cavities according to the Cariogram.

scholarly journals Recommending 1000 ppm fluoride toothpaste for caries prevention in children

2020 ◽  
pp. 201010582096329
Author(s):  
Shijia Hu ◽  
Wen Pui Bien Lai ◽  
Wanyi Lim ◽  
Ruixiang Yee
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professional ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
High Caries Risk

The caries prevalence among Singapore children remains high, with almost 50% affected by the age of 6 years. Among oral hygiene homecare, toothpastes with a minimum fluoride concentration of 1000 ppm or greater have been shown to be more effective at preventing caries. Previous concerns with dental fluorosis have led to the marketing of non-fluoride and low-fluoride toothpastes specifically for children. In the local context, many parents start their children on these products due to ingestion concerns and recommendations of the product, rather than on sound advice from a healthcare professional. The latest recommendation is to use a smear size of 1000 ppm or greater fluoride toothpaste in children under 3 years of age with high caries risk. For children aged 3 years and older, a pea size of 1000 ppm or greater fluoride toothpaste should be used. As medical physicians are typically the first healthcare encounter for many children, they are well positioned to provide recommendations on the concentration and amount of fluoride toothpaste to be used in young children.

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