scholarly journals Effectiveness of Different Preventive Programs in Cariogram Parameters of Young Adults at High Caries Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Karabekiroğlu ◽  
Nimet Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
High Caries Risk

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of different preventive programs in young adults at high caries risk using Cariogram software. Methods. Sixty-six young adults with high caries risk were evaluated. Dental caries risk for all subjects was determined according to WHO criteria. Subjects were divided into three different preventive groups (control: OH, fluoride varnish: FV, and chlorhexidine varnish: CV). They were followed for 12 weeks (baseline: T0, 1 week: T1, 4 weeks: T2, and 12 weeks: T3). Plaque index, diet frequency, and salivary chairside tests (to record the flow rate, buffer capacity, and mutans streptococci and lactobacillus counts) were performed at each visit. Based on these data, ten caries-related variables were collected and inserted into the Cariogram software to calculate the predicted chance of avoiding caries for each subject. Results. Significant changes were obtained about the Cariogram parameters (diet, bacteria, susceptibility, circumstances, and Cariogram risk group). No significant differences were found between the three methods regarding mean Cariogram scores after 3 months (p>0.05). Conclusions. The regular and effective short-term (three months) use of 1450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste, one visit application of fluoride, and chlorhexidine varnishes were effective for reducing caries risk in young adults, which can be clearly demonstrated using Cariogram software.

scholarly journals Correlation among mutans streptococci counts, dental caries, and IgA to Streptococcus mutans in saliva

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito ◽  
Clélia Aparecida de Paiva Martins ◽  
Ivan Balducci ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Aerobic Flora ◽  
Free Status ◽  
Rampant Caries

Two-hundred and forty individuals were studied, divided into five groups as follows: caries-free children, children with caries, children with rampant caries, young adults with and without caries. Whole stimulated saliva was collected and all individuals were investigated for DMFT/dmft according to the WHO criteria and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Quantitative analysis of the total aerobic flora and mutans streptococci in saliva was performed. Also, the level of salivary anti-S. mutans IgA was determined by ELISA. Children with rampant caries showed the highest OHI-S value. The highest total counts of microorganisms were found in the group of children with caries. No statistically significant differences were observed for salivary flow, OHI-S and microorganism counts between the groups of young adults. No correlation between mutans streptococci counts and anti-Streptococcus mutans IgA levels was observed in the studied groups. A correlation between increased anti-Streptococcus mutans IgA levels and caries-free status was observed among young adults but not among children.

scholarly journals Caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using the Cariogram

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Kavvadia ◽  
Andreas Agouropoulos ◽  
Sotiria Gizani ◽  
Lisa Papagiannouli ◽  
Svante Twetman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Determinants ◽  
Old Greek

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using a computerbased program and to evaluate the contribution of various risk factors.Methods: The study group consisted of 814 preschool children. A questionnaire on family, demographic and socioeconomic factors, general health, oral hygiene and dietary behavior was completed by the parents. Children were examined for cavitated and white-spot lesions (WSL). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and buffer capacity were estimated. Caries risk profiles were assessed with Cariogram.Results:Cavitated lesions were found in 30% of the children; WSL were found in 26% of those included. MS and low buffer capacity were detected in 28% and 26% of the children, respectively. The majority (70%) displayed neglected oral hygiene. Based on the questionnaires, 83% of the children had a cariogenic diet, and 17% did not use any form of fluoride. The Cariogram revealed that 26% of the children had high caries risk, while only 9% exhibited low caries risk. The most significant caries risk variables, determined by regression analysis (R2=0.88), were insufficient fluoride exposure (! =0.160) and the presence of WSL (!= 0.159).Conclusions: One-fourth of the children were categorised as high caries risk. The presence of WSL and lack of fluoride exposure were the most significant caries risk determinants. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:415-421)

The Role of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms on Dental Caries

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilsah Cogulu ◽  
Huseyin Onay ◽  
Yasemin Ozdemir ◽  
Gulcin Itirli Aslan ◽  
Ferda Ozkinay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To determine the association between the ApaI, FokI, Cdx2 and TaqI polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in caries-active (high-moderate) and caries-free children. Study design: A hundred and fifty children (75 males, 75 females, mean age: 10.19 ± 1.61 years) were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups as high caries risk group (DMFT, dft>4)(n=55), moderate caries risk group (DMFT, dft=1–4)(n=57) and caries-free group (n=38). From each individual, blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted. The VDR gene was genotyped for the polymorphisms ApaI, FokI, Cdx2 and TaqI using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. All data were analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and t test. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the frequency of TaqI genotypes (tt) between caries-active and caries-free children (p=0.029). No statistically significant differences were detected between ApaI, FokI, Cdx2 genotypes and dental caries. Conclusion: In the future, VDR gene polymorphisms may be used as a marker for the identification of patients with high caries risk.

scholarly journals Caries risk assessment in pregnant women using cariogram

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Dolic ◽  
Marija Obradovic ◽  
Zeljka Kojic ◽  
Slava Sukara
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Introduction/Objective. ?Cariogram? takes into account interactions between caries-related factors and expresses a graphic assessment of the caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caries risk and different variables of Cariogram in pregnant women. Methods. This study included 96 pregnant women. At baseline, data on general health, diet, oral hygiene, and fluoride exposure were obtained. DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index was calculated by clinical examination. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts, buffer capacity, and secretion rate. Scores were entered and caries risk was assessed. The women were divided into five groups according to their Cariogram caries risk. Results. The results of the study showed that 29.17% (28) of the pregnant women had high caries risk, 21.88% (21) ? medium, 17.71% (17) ? low, 16.67% (16) ? very high, and 14.58% (14) ? very low caries risk. In an average caries risk profile of pregnant women, the dominant sector was ?Bacteria? (18.85% of the risk structure profile), followed by ?Diet? (17.97%), ?Circumstances? (15.68%), and ?Susceptibility? sector (14.65%). Conclusion. Cariogram shows that pregnant women in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, had 46.14% chance of avoiding caries in the future. The Cariogram model can successfully determine caries risk profiles for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Saliva pH Changes in Patients with High and Low Caries Risk After Consuming Organic (Sucrose) and Non-Organic (Maltitol) Sugar

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widowati W ◽  
Akbar SH ◽  
Tin MH
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Snack Consumption

Introduction: Enamel demineralization is associated with decrease in saliva pH due to fermentation of sugar by oral commensal. Thus, exploring the changing pattern of saliva pH is meaningful in dental caries prevention. The aim of this study was to compare the changing pattern of saliva pH after consuming different types of sweeteners (sucrose and maltitol). Methods: It was a case-control study involving 14 male patients attending IIUM dental clinic who were selected with the intention of getting seven patients with high caries risk ( DMFT ≥6) and seven patients with low caries risk (DMFT ≤3) with initial saliva pH interval of 6.5 to7.5. Patients were asked to consume snacks containing 8 gram sucrose and 8 gram maltitol as sweeteners. The changing pH values of the saliva were measured by Waterproof pHTestr 10BNC (Oakton, Vernon Hills, USA) seven times consecutively at 0 (before snack consumption), and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after snack consumption. The pH values of saliva of patients with low and high caries risk after consuming sucrose and maltitol were statistically analized by using Anova and Tukey-HSD tests at α = 0.05. Result: There were significant differences in saliva pH changes between low-risk group and high-risk group after consuming sucrose and maltitol. Conclusion: The changing patterns of saliva pH in high-risk patients were lower than those of low-risk patients after consuming two types of snacks containing sucrose and maltitol.

Caries risk in children: determined by levels of mutans streptococci and Lactobaccilus

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alejandro Aguilera Galaviz ◽  
Gloria Premoli ◽  
Anajulia Gonzalez ◽  
Rafael Aguilar Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Relationship

Lactobacullus sp. and S. mutans are microorganisms with cariogenic capacity, however, their presence do not determine the presence of dental caries.We evaluated the relationship between the presence of Lactobacillus sp. and S. mutans and dental caries in a schoolchildren population. The relation PIDMFT have a value of significance p = 0.001489. In dental caries risk evaluation, the S. mutans and Lactobacillus sp. detection in saliva is a good predictor and contributing to the caries development.

scholarly journals Salivary sIgA and PRAP-1 Protein in Relation to Dental Caries: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseel Al-ani ◽  
Douglas A. MacDonald ◽  
Maha Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Caries Management ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: Certain individuals are more prone to dental caries than others are. Caries risk may be related in the secretion of certain defensive salivary proteins including secretory IgA (sIgA) and proline-rich acidic protein (PRAP-1). In this study, we investigated the relationship between PRAP-1 and sIgA leading to the susceptibility of development of dental caries in adults and explored the differences in the levels of sIgA and PRAP-1 between men and women. Materials and Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 28 patients with high caries risk and 32 control subjects with low caries risk according to caries management by risk assessment guidelines. sIgA and PRAP-1 levels in clarified saliva samples were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: According to our results, sIgA and PRAP-1 levels did not demonstrate statistically significant differences as a function of caries risk or gender, even when potential confounding variables such as age and numbers of teeth were taken into consideration. Estimates of effect size, however, revealed small- to medium-sized effects and suggest that significant results may have been found if larger sample sizes were used. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that caries risk and salivary levels of sIgA and PRAP-1 do not appear to be significantly associated. Statistically significant findings could emerge if the sample size was larger.

scholarly journals Dental Caries Risk in the U.S. Air Force: 2009 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e2061-e2070
Author(s):  
David K Schindler ◽  
Gabriela V Lopez Mitnik ◽  
Lee Ann Zarzabal ◽  
Aida M Soliván-Ortiz ◽  
Scott P Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Military Rank

Abstract Introduction The Air Force uses dental caries risk assessments (CRA) to determine which active duty Air Force (ADAF) members are at high caries risk (HCR) and will benefit from additional preventive and restorative dental care. The purpose of this study is to describe the caries risk of ADAF from 2009 to 2017 and determine how demographic, military, and tobacco-use characteristics affect caries risk. Materials and Methods Data from ~300,000 ADAF annual dental examinations from 2009 to 2017 were used. The outcome variable investigated was dental caries risk (high, moderate, or low). Independent variables analyzed were: age, sex, race, education, marital status, military rank, service years, flying status, and tobacco use. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed to explore associations between potential risk indicators and caries risk outcomes. Results From 2009 to 2013, there was a steady decline in ADAF that were diagnosed as low caries risk (LCR), from 80.3% to 67.7%. Since 2013, the prevalence of ADAF that are LCR has remained unchanged at about two-thirds of the force. The proportion of the ADAF that are moderate caries risk (MCR) increased from 15.7% in 2009 to 25.3% in 2013 and remained unchanged affecting about a quarter of the force since then. The proportion that was diagnosed as HCR increased from 3.9% in 2009 to 7.1% in 2013 and declined slightly in 2017 (6.0%). After controlling for other covariates, younger age (<20 years old: odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–5.8), less time in service (≤4 years: OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7–2.6), junior rank (E-1–E-4: OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–1.8), less education (high-school graduate: OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0–2.6), using tobacco (Smoker: OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.5–1.7), being a nonflyer (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3), being male (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1–1.2), or being black (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.2) were each associated with being HCR. Among the cohort of Airmen who were LCR at baseline, the majority (75.9%) remained at low risk, but for nearly a quarter (24.1%), their risk of caries increased over 9 years. Among those who were originally MCR in 2009, 61.5% improved to LCR, whereas 4.6% progressed to HCR; among those identified as high risk for caries in 2009, a substantial majority (89.1%) improved over 9 years, but 10.9% remained unchanged. Conclusions The prevalence of HCR and MCR service members increased from 2009 to 2013 but has remained consistent since 2013. Overall caries risk in the Air Force is lower compared to previously published findings from 2001 to 2004. This suggests that CRA and prevention programs have been effective at helping to reduce caries prevalence among Airmen. Smoking prevalence among ADAF has also declined substantially over the past 16 years which may contribute to overall caries risk reductions. Using a CRA approach may be an effective tool for helping to identify and develop strategies to manage dental caries risk in patients.

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