scholarly journals Relationship between Cariogenic Bacteria and pH of Dental Plaque at Margin of Fixed Prostheses

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Tanaka ◽  
Norio Mukai ◽  
Muto Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plaque Ph ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Natural Tooth ◽  
Marginal Region ◽  
Saliva Test

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether teeth that have undergone prosthetic restoration are under conditions that promote caries recurrence.Methods. The subjects were 20 dentate adults with both a healthy tooth and an affected tooth entirely covered with a complete cast crown in the molar regions of the same arch. The pH was measured in plaque adhering to the margin of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown and adhering to the cervicobuccal area of the natural tooth. In addition, the numbers of cariogenic bacteria (mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) were measured employing the saliva test. The relationships between the number of cariogenic bacteria and plaque pH of the natural tooth and between the number of cariogenic bacteria and plaque pH of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown were investigated.Results. The plaque pH of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown decreased as the numbers of SM and LB increased. The natural tooth were also influenced by the number of SM.Conclusion. Secondary caries are likely to develop from the marginal region of the crown in the oral cavity with a high caries risk unless a preventive program is prepared and the oral environment is improved following the program.

How Regular Visits and Preventive Programs Affect Onset of Adult Caries

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. S52-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ito ◽  
M. Hayashi ◽  
T. Hamasaki ◽  
S. Ebisu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Secondary Caries ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria

If it is to be effective, preventive dental treatment must be based on an individual’s risk of caries and periodontal disease. However, hitherto, preventive treatment has been generally conducted without proper caries-risk assessment because of lack of knowledge about an individual’s caries risk. This study sought to identify high-risk adult patients and examine the effectiveness of preventive programs. Data for 442 patients from a single general practice who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Multiple logistic-regression analysis showed that high levels of mutans streptococci (SM) correlated with the onset of primary and secondary caries, with odds ratios of 2.34 (95%CI: 1.15-4.76, p = 0.019) and 2.22 (95%CI: 1.06-4.62, p = 0.034), respectively. Lactobacilli (LB) also correlated with secondary caries, with an odds ratio of 3.34 (95%CI: 1.35-6.85, p = 0.007). When the patients were checked after three years of a preventive program, the correlation with SM and LB disappeared. Survival analyses by Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier methods showed that secondary caries was difficult to control by conventional preventive programs alone in patients with high levels of cariogenic bacteria. In conclusion, cariogenic bacteria play an important role in the incidence of caries, and additional intensive preventive treatment should be considered for high-risk patients.

Preventive and community dentistry

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Community Dentistry ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Diet Assessment ◽  
Preventative Dentistry

This chapter outlines caries development, progression, and prevention as well as the role of saliva in neutralizing harmful acids in the oral environment. The action of fluoride is also discussed including appropriate doses, supplementation, professional application, and toxicity. Evidence for the role of sugar in dental caries is then described. This chapter has an emphasis on preventative dentistry including the use of fissure sealants in varying age groups, going on to highlight the importance of diet assessment and modification in high caries-risk patients. The chapter also discusses dentistry for people with disabilities and has a section on different types of dental care professionals.

Effectiveness of CRT at Measuring the Salivary Level of Bacteria in Caries Prone Children with Probiotic Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cannon ◽  
B Trent ◽  
A Vorachek ◽  
S Kramer ◽  
R Esterly
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chewable Tablets ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Aim: This IRB approved clinical trial was to determine the effect of “over the counter” probiotic supplements on the Caries Risk Test- CRT- (Ivoclar) results of the oral microflora in high caries risk children. Study design: Sixty subjects 6 to 12 years old with a caries risk assessment (CAMBRA) of moderate to high (caries prone) were evaluated by an analysis of the difference in the salivary levels of pathogenic bacteria (mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli). The subjects were randomly selected by randomizing software and assigned to two different Groups. Group A used PerioBalance (Lactobacilli reuteri-CFU of 200 million) lozenges for 28 days. Group B used the EvoraKids ( Streptococcus uberis KJ2, Streptococcus oralis KJ3, Streptococcus rattus JH145, ≥ 100 million) probiotics chewable tablets for 30 days. Salivary samples were collected then incubated for 48 hours for colony counting and ranking. Follow up testing with the CRT was performed after 60 days at a follow up visit. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the CRT results between the pre and post use of the probiotics. PerioBalance; SM results t= -6.78 p< .0001 Lactobacilli results t= -5.762, p< .0001, EvoraKids SM results t= -7.33, p< .0001, Lactobacilli results t= -2.952, p= .0068. Conclusions: The CRT values obtained with caries prone children may be significantly affected by probiotic use. Based on this study's results the following conclusions can be made: Both EvoraKids and PerioBalance affected the CRT results by significantly decreasing the number of S. mutans and lactobacilli present in the salivary samples.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cariogenic Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusao Nishikawara ◽  
Yoshiaki Nomura ◽  
Susumu Imai ◽  
Akira Senda ◽  
Nobuhiro Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Instruction Manual ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Commercial Kit

ABSTRACTObjectives : The evaluation of Mutans streptococci (MS) is one of the index for caries risk. DentocultTM and CRTTM are commercial kits to detect and evaluate MS, conveniently. However, the evaluation of MS has also been carried out simply using an instruction manual. But the instruction manual is not easy to use for evaluation of MS. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of modified Mitis-Salivalius Bacitracin (MSB) agar medium compared with MSB agar medium and commercial kits, and to establish a convenient kit (mMSB-kit) using modified MSB agar.Methods : The MS in stimulated saliva from 27 subjects were detected by MSB, modified MSB agar medium and commercial kits. Laboratory and clinically isolated strains of MS were similarly evaluated. The ratios of MS in detected bacteria were compared by ELISA.Results : The scores using an mMSB-kit on the basis of modified MSB agar medium were tabulated. Saliva samples showed different levels of MS between culture methods and the commercial kit. Some samples which were full of MS were not detected by the commercial kit. The detection of MS by modified MSB agar medium and mMSB-kit were significantly higher when compared with MSB agar medium, CRTTM, (P< .01) and Dentocult SMTM (P<.05).Conclusion : The sensitivity for detection of MS is higher for modified MSB agar medium when compared with MSB agar medium. The mMSB-kit can be used simply, and can be an important contributor for the evaluation of MS as a caries risk factor. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:31-39)

scholarly journals Caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using the Cariogram

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Kavvadia ◽  
Andreas Agouropoulos ◽  
Sotiria Gizani ◽  
Lisa Papagiannouli ◽  
Svante Twetman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Determinants ◽  
Old Greek

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using a computerbased program and to evaluate the contribution of various risk factors.Methods: The study group consisted of 814 preschool children. A questionnaire on family, demographic and socioeconomic factors, general health, oral hygiene and dietary behavior was completed by the parents. Children were examined for cavitated and white-spot lesions (WSL). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and buffer capacity were estimated. Caries risk profiles were assessed with Cariogram.Results:Cavitated lesions were found in 30% of the children; WSL were found in 26% of those included. MS and low buffer capacity were detected in 28% and 26% of the children, respectively. The majority (70%) displayed neglected oral hygiene. Based on the questionnaires, 83% of the children had a cariogenic diet, and 17% did not use any form of fluoride. The Cariogram revealed that 26% of the children had high caries risk, while only 9% exhibited low caries risk. The most significant caries risk variables, determined by regression analysis (R2=0.88), were insufficient fluoride exposure (! =0.160) and the presence of WSL (!= 0.159).Conclusions: One-fourth of the children were categorised as high caries risk. The presence of WSL and lack of fluoride exposure were the most significant caries risk determinants. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:415-421)

Candida, Mutans Streptococci, Oral Hygiene and Caries in Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Peretz ◽  
Yardena Mazor ◽  
Nurit Dagon ◽  
Ronit Bar-Ness Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clear Association

Objective: to test the association between Candida and mutans streptococci (ms), oral hygiene and caries levels and in children. Methods: 22 boys and 12 girls (age 6 to 14.5 years) participated in the study. Each participant received a toothbrush, and was asked to brush his/her teeth after proper instructions. Dental caries and oral hygiene were recorded. Candida and ms levels were determined in saliva samples. Results: Candida colonies were observed in 70.5% of the children. No association was found between Candida and caries or plaque and gingival indices. C. albicans-positive children demonstrated significantly higher brushing scores. Conclusions: Our findings may suggest that there is no clear association between Candida in saliva, and levels of cariogenic bacteria and caries risk in children.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Different Preventive Programs in Cariogram Parameters of Young Adults at High Caries Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Karabekiroğlu ◽  
Nimet Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
High Caries Risk

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of different preventive programs in young adults at high caries risk using Cariogram software. Methods. Sixty-six young adults with high caries risk were evaluated. Dental caries risk for all subjects was determined according to WHO criteria. Subjects were divided into three different preventive groups (control: OH, fluoride varnish: FV, and chlorhexidine varnish: CV). They were followed for 12 weeks (baseline: T0, 1 week: T1, 4 weeks: T2, and 12 weeks: T3). Plaque index, diet frequency, and salivary chairside tests (to record the flow rate, buffer capacity, and mutans streptococci and lactobacillus counts) were performed at each visit. Based on these data, ten caries-related variables were collected and inserted into the Cariogram software to calculate the predicted chance of avoiding caries for each subject. Results. Significant changes were obtained about the Cariogram parameters (diet, bacteria, susceptibility, circumstances, and Cariogram risk group). No significant differences were found between the three methods regarding mean Cariogram scores after 3 months (p>0.05). Conclusions. The regular and effective short-term (three months) use of 1450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste, one visit application of fluoride, and chlorhexidine varnishes were effective for reducing caries risk in young adults, which can be clearly demonstrated using Cariogram software.

scholarly journals Effects of oral environment stabilization procedures on Streptococcus mutans counts in pregnant women

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Cristina Volpato ◽  
Fabiano Jeremias ◽  
Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidório ◽  
Silvio Rocha Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Aylton Valsecki Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group Data ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral environment stabilization (OES) on the counting of Streptococcus mutans in high-caries-risk pregnant women participants of a prevention program in a public teaching institution. The sample was composed of 30 pregnant women aged 18 to 43 years, who looked for treatment at the Preventive Dentistry Clinic of the Araraquara Dental School, UNESP. Saliva samples were collected before and after the OES procedures and were forwarded to the pathology for observation and quantification of S. mutans CFU. There was a decrease in the number of S. mutans CFU, which was significantly different (p<0.0001) between samples. Considering the age group, 70.0% were between 18 to 30 years old and 30.0% belonged to the 31-43-year-old age group. Data related to the pregnancy period showed that 73.4% were in the second trimester, 13.3% in the first and 13.3% in third trimester. OES showed to be an effective clinical procedure in diminishing the number of S. mutans CFU in the saliva of high-caries-risk pregnant women. This management is simple and effective, corresponding to the basic treatment needs of pregnant women that search dental care in this public service.

Microbiological Predictors of Caries Risk

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Houte
Keyword(s):  
Test Sample ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Risk Predictors

The prediction of caries risk has been of longstanding interest. Generally, few of the tests involving oral bacteria or their products have become accepted. Presently, the main focus is on counts of lactobacilli (L) and mutans streptococci (MS). Due to their positive numerical association with human caries and the linkage of this association to carbohydrate consumption, counts of L and MS may, potentially, serve not only as a caries risk predictor but also as an indicator of carbohydrate consumption, another caries-risk factor. The value of counts of L and MS as caries-risk predictors has been evaluated by means of studies providing data on test sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. These and other studies indicate that their use for the prediction of caries risk of individuals is not possible but is more promising for that of the caries risk of groups (e.g., identification of high-caries-risk subjects); further, the prediction of low caries risk may be more reliable than that of high caries risk. The influence of test variables on the test results has been discussed. These include the level of caries increment, subject age, methods of caries evaluation, use of saliva or dental plaque as test sample, sampling frequency, type of bacterial growth medium, and the use of simplified methods rather than conventional laboratory procedures for microbial enumeration. An approach to optimize the use of microbiological caries-risk predictors in different populations as well as their use in conjunction with other caries-risk predictors has been discussed. The latter include the incipient caries lesion or past caries experience and salivary buffering capacity and flow rate. Due to the multifactorial nature of caries etiology, it is expected that multivariate approaches rather than the use of single parameters may improve caries risk prediction for individuals as well as groups of subjects.

scholarly journals Caries risk assessment in pregnant women using cariogram

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Dolic ◽  
Marija Obradovic ◽  
Zeljka Kojic ◽  
Slava Sukara
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Introduction/Objective. ?Cariogram? takes into account interactions between caries-related factors and expresses a graphic assessment of the caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caries risk and different variables of Cariogram in pregnant women. Methods. This study included 96 pregnant women. At baseline, data on general health, diet, oral hygiene, and fluoride exposure were obtained. DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index was calculated by clinical examination. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts, buffer capacity, and secretion rate. Scores were entered and caries risk was assessed. The women were divided into five groups according to their Cariogram caries risk. Results. The results of the study showed that 29.17% (28) of the pregnant women had high caries risk, 21.88% (21) ? medium, 17.71% (17) ? low, 16.67% (16) ? very high, and 14.58% (14) ? very low caries risk. In an average caries risk profile of pregnant women, the dominant sector was ?Bacteria? (18.85% of the risk structure profile), followed by ?Diet? (17.97%), ?Circumstances? (15.68%), and ?Susceptibility? sector (14.65%). Conclusion. Cariogram shows that pregnant women in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, had 46.14% chance of avoiding caries in the future. The Cariogram model can successfully determine caries risk profiles for pregnant women.

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