scholarly journals INCREASED VANCOMYCIN MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC) AMONG MRSA ISOLATES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 010-012
Author(s):  
Asha Pai K. B. ◽  
Sweetha N. N. ◽  
Sanjeev H. ◽  
Rekha R. ◽  
Vimal K. K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Success Of Treatment

Abstract Introduction:Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is not only an important nosocomial pathogen but also an incipient community pathogen in many geographical areas. Recommended therapeutic agent for treatment of MRSA infections are glycopeptides, in particular vancomycin. The distribution of vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values among MRSA isolates in our hospital is unknown. We conducted this study to Determine the distribution of vancomycin MIC values among MRSA isolates from clinical samples in our hospital. Material and Methods:Fifty six MRSA isolates were included in the study. These isolates were obtained from different clinical samples received in the department of Microbiology over a period of six months from august 2012 to January 2013. Screening for MRSA was done by disc diffusion method using Cefoxitin disc. Determination of vancomycin MIC of all the isolates was done by macro broth dilution method. Results:All 56 isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Out of the 56 isolates tested, 25 (44.64%) and 12 (21.4%) had Vancomycin MIC of 1μg/ml and 2 μg/ml respectively. Conclusion:The high vancomycin MIC values observed among our strains are a cause of concern, as this may have an impact on the success of treatment with vancomycin.

scholarly journals Emerging resistance to carbapenem among Gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Pooja Nair ◽  
Renu Mathews ◽  
Kalyani M
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Technique

The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a cardinal concern in the health care system. The spread of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters to the currently available drugs make the treatment of serious nosocomial infections troublesome.  The purpose of the study is to find out the carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of 1913 aerobic Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical samples was made for a period of 6 months. All the isolates were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to CLSI guidelines. Carbapenemase production was confirmed by the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by Epsilometer (E) test was performed (for Imipenem and Meropenem) for carbapenem-resistant strains. A total of 1731 clinical samples, 1913 Gram-negative bacilli were isolated. 1476 (77.1%) were Enterobacteriaceae and 433 (22.6%) were non-fermenters. 54 were carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. Meropenem E test was done for carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Meropenem ranged from 0.002μg/ml to 32μg/ml. To overcome the problem of emerging resistance, combined interaction and cooperation of microbiologists, clinicians and the infection control team is needed.

scholarly journals TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Hemwani ◽  
P. S. Nirwan ◽  
Preeti Shrivastava ◽  
Abhiraj Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords:  Nonfermenters,  Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to Ceftaroline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Sreedharan ◽  
KB Asha Pai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital

Introduction: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection is a major global healthcare problem, the prevalence of which varies from 25-50% in India. It is known to cause Skin and Soft tissue Infections (SSI), endovascular infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for treating severe MRSA infections. Ceftaroline, a fifth-generation cephalosporin has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for treating acute bacterial SSI caused by susceptible micro-organisms including MRSA, Community acquired respiratory tract infection, MRSA bacteremia and endocarditis. Aim: To assess the susceptibility of clinical isolates of S. aureusto ceftaroline, in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a Tertiary Care Hospital over a period of two months from June 2019 to July 2019. S.aureus isolates from various clinical samples were screened for methicillin resistance by disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc and ceftaroline susceptibility of these isolates was assessed by E-strip method. The isolates were classified as ceftaroline susceptible, Susceptibility Dose Dependent (SDD) and ceftaroline resistant respectively as per CLSI guidelines. A descriptive analysis of the data was done and the results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: All the S.aureus isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftaroline. Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) isolates had lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) when compared to MRSA. The highest MIC among MRSA was 0.5 μg/mL. Conclusion: Ceftaroline can be considered as an effective alternative for treatment of infections caused by MRSA.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Health Care Workers At Tertiary Care Hospital In Dhaka.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Rahima Akter ◽  
Shikha Paul ◽  
Akhtarun Naher ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar

Nasal carriage of MRSA among hospital stuff act as a source of endogenous infection and becomes a source for hospital and community acquired infection. The study was conducted to determine the rate antibiotic resistance pattern of nasal carriage of MRSA among the hospital stuff of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. Pre moistened nasal swabs from hospital stuff (doctor, nurses, lab technicians and other helping stuff were obtained. These swabs were inoculated into Blood agar and Mannitol salt agar media. Antibiogram was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA were detected by oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method. The resistance was confirmed by MIC of oxacillin agar dilution method. Out of 142 samples 34 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated among them 07 (4.93%) were MRSA and 27 (19.01%) were MSSA. The carriage rate of MRSA was higher among nurse than other healthcare provider. Nasal carriage of MRSA is responsible for spreading infection from healthcare personnel to normal individual. So, regular screening of carrier is required from prevention of hospital acquired infection. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (2): 17-19

scholarly journals Characterization of Clinical Isolates ofEnterococciwith Special Reference to Glycopeptide Susceptibility at a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasish Karna ◽  
Ratna Baral ◽  
Basudha Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Agar Dilution

Background. Enterococci, once considered as a harmless commensal of intestine, have now emerged as medically important pathogens and are associated with both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. They bear the potential to exhibit resistance against all commonly used antibiotics either by inherent or acquired mechanism, posing a therapeutic challenge.Objectives. This study aimed to characterize enterococci up to the species level and study their antibiogram with special regard to vancomycin.Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, from February to May 2017. A total of 91 enterococcal isolates recovered from clinical specimens were investigated in this study. Their identification and speciation were done according to standard microbiological guidelines. Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to study antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, whereas minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin was determined by the agar dilution method, with reference to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results. Seven different species of enterococci were isolated,E. faecalisandE. faeciumaccounting about 45% each. The other species encountered wereE.avium,E.cecorum,E.dispar,E.durans, andE.raffinosus. Highest proportion of antimicrobial susceptibility was recorded for linezolid (97.8%), followed by teicoplanin (95.6%) and high-level gentamicin (81.3%). Sensitivity to vancomycin was seen in 79.1% isolates. Likewise, 82.1% of urinary strains were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. A total of 4 disparities were observed between the disc diffusion technique and agar dilution method in determining vancomycin resistance. Multidrug resistance was observed in 31.9% isolates. The overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci based on the standard minimum inhibitory concentration method was 25.3%.Conclusions.Enterococcus faecalisandE. faeciumwere the predominant species in causing enterococcal infections. The alarming rise in prevalence of vancomycin and multidrug resistance strains warrants immediate, adequate, and efficient surveillance program to prevent and control its spread.

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