scholarly journals Determination of lead concentration in breast milk and blood of lactanting women in an interior city of Brasil

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 095-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Túlio Soares Andrade ◽  
Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo ◽  
Ieda Regina Lopes Del Ciampo ◽  
Ivan Savioli Ferraz ◽  
Rubens Garcia Ricco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Background: breast milk offers numerous advantages biological and emotional. However, in some situations, can transfer harmful elements for the health of infants. Objective: to determine lead levels in the blood and milk of mothers whose children frequent a primary mother-child health care. Methods: a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study of 70 healthy women who were breast-feeding babies younger than six months during 01/04/2011 to 30/09/2011. Lead determination was performed by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. A linear regression model was adjusted to determine the association between lead concentrations in maternal milk and blood. The estimated values of the difference between means and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained. Results: mean lead concentration in milk was 1.462 ng/mL and blood lead concentration was 1.801 μg/dL. Conclusions: human milk is not a source of contamination for the babies in this area. However, more studies are needed in other regions of the country in view of the growing evidence of foci of lead contamination, which may represent an occult risk for the population.

scholarly journals Follow-Up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8689
Author(s):  
Shukrullah Ahmadi ◽  
Barbara Le Bot ◽  
Roméo Zoumenou ◽  
Séverine Durand ◽  
Nadine Fiévet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan

Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011–2013) suggested that 58% of 1-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated BLLs (>50 µg/L and >100 µg /L) among 425 of these children at 6 years of age in 2016–2018 and to compare BLLs between age 1 and 6 years, and study sources of lead at age 6 years. BLLs were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression and quantile regressions were used to study potential sources of lead. The prevalence of BLLs > 50 µg/L in children was 59.5% (Geometric Mean (GM) 56.4 µg/L, 95% CI: 54.1–58.7) at 6 years of age compared to 54.8% (GM 56.5 µg/L, 95% CI: 53.4–59.6) at 1 year of age. The prevalence of children with BLLs > 100 µg/L decreased from 14.4% at 1 year of age to 8.2% at 6 years of age. After adjustment for all other covariates, consumption of peanuts more than once per month was significantly associated with a 22.0% (95% CI: 4.6, 42.5) increment in BLLs at age 6 years compared with no consumption. Consumption of bushmeat killed by lead bullets at age 6 years was associated with an increase in the higher percentiles of BLLs (P75) compared with the absence of this source. Other potential sources of lead associated with BLLs with marginal significance were consumption of rice, paternal occupational exposure, and the presence of activity with the potential use of lead. This prospective cohort confirms the persistently high prevalence of elevated BLLs in children residing in a rural region in the south of Benin, as well as the presence of multiple and continuous sources of lead. These results highlight the need for prevention programs to reduce and eliminate lead exposure in children.

scholarly journals Human Blood Lead Levels and the First Evidence of Environmental Exposure to Industrial Pollutants in the Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Karolina Lisboa de Queiroz ◽  
Karytta Sousa Naka ◽  
Lorena de Cássia dos Santos Mendes ◽  
Brenda Natasha Souza Costa ◽  
Iracina Maura de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Food And Beverage

The main routes of lead (Pb) absorption are through the airways and orally, and through consumption of contaminated food and beverage, with Pb mainly being absorbed in the atmospheric particulate form. In 2012, a cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the Pb environmental exposure in two Amazonian districts, Dom Manuel (DMN) and Laranjal (CLA), located in Barcarena City, northern Brazil. CLA is located outside the industrial area of Barcarena (control population), whereas DMN is an old community located in the vicinity of industrial activities. A significant number of residents in these districts participated in an epidemiological inquiry and blood sampling. Total Pb blood levels were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean Pb blood level in people that live in DMN was 281.60 (98.73–570.80) μg·L−1, approximately nine times higher than the level found in CLA (32.77 μg·L−1). In these districts, the Pb blood levels showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) based on gender, schooling, residence time, and smoking. This is the first evidence of industrial environmental pollutant exposure in the Amazon.

scholarly journals Breast milk to blood lead ratios among women from the West Bank of Palestine: a cross-sectional study of associated factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Shawahna
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The West ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead Levels

Abstract Background Infants fed contaminated breast milk are at an increased risk of exposure to lead. Breast milk to blood (M/B) ratios have not been investigated among women in Palestine. The aim of this study was to assess blood, breast milk, and M/B lead ratios in samples collected from Palestinian breastfeeding women. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics with breast milk lead levels and M/B lead ratios were also investigated. Methods This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design in the period between October 2017 and April 2018. Breastfeeding women visiting maternity care centers in different regions of the West Bank of Palestine were recruited to the study by the nurses in the maternity care centers. Sociodemographic characteristics, venous blood, and breast milk samples were collected from each participant. Lead concentrations were analyzed using a validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Spearman’s correlations were used to analyze the data. Odds ratios (OR) were computed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Matching blood and milk samples were collected from 80 women. Lead concentrations in 11 (13.8%) of the breast milk samples were above the World Health Organization’s recommended levels. Breast milk lead levels were more likely to be ≥5 μg/L in breastfeeding women who lived in urban areas (aOR 4.96; 95% CI 1.10, 22.38) compared to those who lived in rural areas. Breast milk to blood lead ratios were more likely to be ≥25% in breastfeeding women who lived in urban areas (aOR 7.06; 95% CI 1.68, 29.77), used eye kohl (aOR 14.29; 95% CI 1.32, 155.06), and used hair dye (aOR 5.33; 95% CI 1.58, 18.00) compared to those who lived in rural areas, did not use eye kohl, and did not use hair dye, respectively. Conclusions Higher M/B lead ratios were predicted by living in urban areas, using eye kohl, and using hair dye. Decision makers in health authorities should address sources of exposure to lead in urban areas. Cosmetics containing lead should be assessed and regulated for lead content.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF SOME ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS OF FIRST INFANT MILK FORMULA AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim ◽  
Nevin Karamahmut Mermer ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Infant Milk Formula ◽  
Health Organization

Breast milk is suggested as the best method for baby nourishment by The World Health Organization (WHO, 2003). However, in some cases, breastfeeding is not possible due to different metabolic reasons. In such cases, an infant formula that is similar to the breast milk content is designed to meet infant nourishment requirements during the first 6 months after birth. It is important to know the content of infant milk formula for a baby’s health. The purpose of this presented study is to determine the elemental (Fe, Cu, Al, Cd, As, Ni, Ba) contents of the four different brands of first infant milk formula sold in the Turkish markets. Elemental contents of samples were identified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) after a microwave digestion process. Target hazard quotients (THQ) of analyzed elements were calculated and risk analyses were conducted. According to the results, the hazard indexes (HI) of infant milk formula samples were founded as less than 1 and all samples were included in the low risk group.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KADAR TIMBAL DARAH DAN MUNCULNYA PERILAKU ANTISOSIAL PENGRAJIN KUNINGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Aditya Marianti ◽  
Anies Anies ◽  
Henna Rya Sunoko Abdurachim
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
School Level ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Chronic Lead Exposure

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh peningkatan kadar timbal (Pb) darah terhadap munculnya perilaku antisosial pada pengrajin kuningan. Disain penelitian  observasional analitik dengan studi cross sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 55 orang pengrajin kuni ngan, dengan kriteria inklusi pria atau wanita, minimal 17 tahun, telah bekerja di industri kuningan minimal 2 tahun, pendidikan minimal pernah SD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan telah terjadi kontaminasi Pb di lingkungan kerja industri kuningan. Kadar Pb darah pengrajin yang melebihi  nilai ambang batas40µg/dl mencapai 80%. Perilaku antisosial terukur masuk kategori sedang dan rendah. Terdapat hubungan linier antara kadar Pb darah dan perilaku antisosial dengan R2 0,353. Simpulan pajanan kronik Pb di lingku- ngan kerja industri kuningan menyebabkan peningkatan kadar Pb darah pengrajin dan berkontribusi memicu  munculnya perilaku antisosial.</p><p> </p><p><em>This study aimed to examine the effect of increased Blood Lead Levels (BLL) results of the emergence of antisocial behavior in brass craftsmen. The research designs used the analytic observational with cross sectional study. The sample consisted of 55 brass craftsmen, male or female a minimum of 17 years old, has worked in the brass industry at least for 2 years, and at least has a degree in the elementary school level. The results showed that there has been a lead contamination in the environment of brass industry. BLL that exceed the threshold value (40 μg/dl) reached 80%. The antisocial behavior measured was in the category of medium and low. There was a linear relationship between BLL and antisocial behavior with R2 0.353. In conclusion, chronic lead exposure to the brass industry environment led to an increase to blood lead levels BLL  in craftsmen contributed in the appearance of antisocial behavior.</em></p>

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