Profile picture of risk factors for breast cancer among community women of Udupi, Karnataka

AbstractGlobally, breast cancer is considered to be one amongst the most commonly cancer. In India, it is considered to be the second cancer disease among women with most of the affected population is in the urban areas. Breast cancer is seen mostly after the age of 40 years. According to the Cancer fact 2012, breast cancer is now seen to be among women aged from 35 years above. Materials and methods: The study was a descriptive survey study to assess the numbers of risk factors for breast cancer among the 320 community women who were willing to participate in the study. A validated structured questionnaire was given to the subjects after taking consent. Results: The study finding shows that out of 320 women surveyed, 252 (78.75%) belonged to “with risk” category and 68 (21.25%) belonged to “No risk” category for risk factors of breast cancer. The risk factorsfor breast cancer detected among these 252 who belonged to 'with risk' were, majority 24.4% had menarche at the age of ≤ 12 years, none had the personal history of breast cancer and 0.3% had the history of first-degree relative sister diagnosed with breast cancer. There were 44.7% women who first had their delivery at the age of ≥30 years and above. 16.9% did not give breast feeding; none had the history of biopsy, 3.8% had the history of taking oral contraceptives of .5 years period and none had the history of taking alcohol in their life. Conclusion: The study concluded that making the community women aware through health educations, distributing pamphlets and organizing programmes on breast cancer and the risk factors will motivate them to attend the health care services for better treatment. Better treatment will further enhance the morbidity and mortality rate among the community women.

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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ON BREAST CANCER AND UTILIZATION OF MAMMOGRAM AMONG WOMEN IN SELECTED VILLAGES OF UDUPI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703839 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 084-087

Author(s):

Arkierupaia Shadap ◽

Maria Pais ◽

Anusuya Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Survey Study ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Cancer Disease ◽

Breast Cancer Awareness ◽

Community People ◽

Descriptive Survey ◽

Women In India

AbstractBreast cancer was considered to be one amongst the most commonly cancer disease in the world. Now it is considered to be the second cancer disease among women in India, with most of the affected population is in the urban areas. Breast cancer is seen mostly after the age of 40 years. According to the Cancer fact 2012, breast cancer is now seen to be among women aged from 35 years above. Materials and methods: The study was a descriptive survey study to assess the knowledge on breast cancer, awareness and utilization of mammogram among 320 married and unmarried women who were willing to participate in the study. After the consent, a questionnaire prepared by the investigator was given to them. Results: Majority 46.6% had low knowledge for breast cancer. There was an association between knowledge and age, marital status, education and source of information about breast cancer and it was found to be significant (p< Mammogram is underutilized among participants, from the total number of population i.e; n = 320, only 19.1% (61) were aware of mammogram. Out of 19.1% (61) who were aware of mammogram, did not utilise it. Conclusion: The study concluded that women have low knowledge on breast cancer and very less population was aware of mammogram which is one of the screening tests for breast cancer. Their low knowledge on breast cancer and unaware of the screening test is the main reason for not utilising mammogram even those who are aware of it. So, nurses as health care members play an important role in providing information and educating the community people.

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Breast cancer risk estimates using the Gail Model in women from an annual screening program in Southern Brazil

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20045 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 20045-20045

Author(s):

V. Belo Reyes ◽

G. Skonieski ◽

J. Zignani ◽

A. Bedin ◽

R. Giugliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Screening Program ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Gail Model ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Risk Estimates ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

20045 Background: The Gail model is widely used to estimate breast cancer (BC) risk. It has been validated as a reliable risk predictor in North America, but very few studies have been done in other countries. This study intends to examine the estimated BC risk using the Gail Model in a sample of women from Southern Brazil a region with the highest BC incidence and mortality rates of the country. Methods: Lifetime and 5-year BC risk estimates were obtained for the first 1002 asymptomatic women (ages 40–69 years) enrolled in an annual BC screening program. The frequency of each of the model’s variables was recorded and compared to other studies. Information about family history (FH) included: presence of bilateral BC, male BC, first degree relative with BC and/or ovarian cancer (OC), relative with BC under age 50 and ≥ 2 relatives with either BC, OC or colorectal cancer (CRC). Other potential risk factors for BC such as body mass index and smoking were recorded. Results: Mean (± SD) values for age, age at menarche and age at birth of the first live child were 50.4 (± 7.75), 13.0 (± 1.80), and 21.6 (± 5.00) years, respectively. Only 50 (5.0%) women were nulliparous and 62 (6.2%) reported their first live birth after age 30. History of at least one first-degree relative (FDR) affected with BC was reported by 52 (5.2%), and 31 (3.1%) had a previous breast biopsy. The mean estimated BC risk in 5 years was 0.92% (± 0.49); for those under age 60, 24 (2.8%) had an estimated 5-yr risk over 1.66%. The mean estimated lifetime BC risk was 7.80 (± 3.2). Interestingly, a history of cancer in a FDR was reported by 32.6% of the women, and evidence of familial BC was observed in 20.4%. The estimated BC risk using the Gail model was significantly higher in women with a family history of BC < 50ys and with ≥ 2 relatives with either BC, OC or CRC. Smoking and overweight were reported by 28% and 65% of the women, respectively. Conclusions: BC risk estimates obtained with the Gail Model did not differ significantly from those described in other populations. However, specific findings in cancer FH were associated with higher risk estimates. The importance of FH and overweight will be further explored in a larger sample. Population-specific risk factors for BC should be sought in different communities to ensure proper risk estimates. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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BREAST CANCER

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.02.1986 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (02) ◽

pp. 373-376

Author(s):

Naseer Ahmed Shaikh ◽

M. Jawaid Aqeel Rajput ◽

Rukhsana Samo ◽

Rasheed Ahmed Soomro

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Local Population ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Positive History ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

Post Menopause

Object: Evaluation & distribution of established etiological risk factors in patientsof breast cancer in our local population. Study Design: Institution based non-interventionaldescriptive & prospective study Place & Duration: Department of Pathology, Liaquat Universityof Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January 2009 to December 2011. Material &Methods: One hundred & two cases of breast cancer diagnosed on HE staining were selected forthe study. Results: More than 50% were in 4th and 5th Decades of life. 94% were married and06% were un-married. 65% were in pre-menopausal group and 35% in post-menopause group.93% had positive history of breast feeding. None of them had ever taken oral contraceptive.Smoking history was present only in 9.80 % cases. 27% cases had family history of breast cancerin first degree relative & 13% in 2nd degree relatives. Majority (66.66%) were belongs to lowermiddle socioeconomic class. Conclusions: Surprisingly in this study marital status, parity, andbreast feeding not proved as protective factors against breast cancer.

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A Group Therapy Approach to Facilitate Integration of Risk Information for Women at Risk for Breast Cancer

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379804300405 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 375-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mary Jane Esplen ◽

Brenda Toner ◽

Jonathan Hunter ◽

Gordon Glendon ◽

Kate Butler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

At Risk ◽

Family History ◽

Group Therapy ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Risk Information ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Therapy Approach ◽

History Of

Objective: To describe and illustrate elements of a group counselling approach designed to enhance the communication of risk information on breast cancer (BC) to women with a family history of this disease. Breast cancer is a leading cause of female cancer death. The most important risk factor for BC is a positive family history in at least 1 first-degree relative, and approximately one-third of women with BC have a family history of the disease. Recent evidence suggests that there is a significant psychological impact associated with having a family history of BC, and this may influence the psychological adjustment and response to being counselled for personal risk. New counselling approaches are required. Method: This paper describes a group therapy approach that incorporates principles of supportive-expressive therapy designed to address the emotional impact of being at risk for BC and to promote accuracy of perceived risk. The key elements of the intervention are described along with clinical illustrations from groups that are part of an ongoing study to develop and standardize the group therapy. Conclusion: Qualitative data from the groups suggest that this model of therapy is both feasible and effective.

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Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer: a case control study from rural India

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v14i3.21865 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vaishali R Mohite ◽

Asha K Pratinidhi ◽

Rajsinh Vishwasrao Mohite

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Reproductive Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Reproductive Risk Factors ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Strength Of Association

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and is influenced by reproductive factors perceived by women worldwide.Aims: To identify the reproductive risk factors of breast cancer in newly diagnosed cases and to find out the strength of association of the risk factors with the breast cancer. Material and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted in Satara district, India during year 2009 to 2011 among newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and matched controls. A total of 434 participants including 217 cases and 217 controls were enrolled by purposive sampling technique from selected hospitals of study area. The information was collected by employing pre-tested questionnaire by utilizing interview method. Statistical Analysis used: Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio and Chi-square test was used to find out strength of association and statistical significant difference. Results: Highest proportion [31.80%] breast cancer cases was in age group 40-49 years with lowest age of 25 years at diagnosis of the disease. A very high proportion of both cases [88.02%] and controls [67.28%] were Hindu by religion and were from rural residence. Maximum proportion of breast cancer cases were housewives [63.59%], literate [71.42%] and from upper economic class [56.68%]. The proportions of cases were higher as compared to the controls with respect to risk factors like unmarried status, nulliparity, history of abortion, post menopausal status, absence of breast feeding and the history of exposure to hormonal contraceptives. The risk of getting breast cancer as indicated by Odds ratio was 8 times higher in unmarried women, 2.8 times in nulliparous women, 2.4 times with post menopausal status, 10.4 times with absence of breast feeding, 1.5 times with exposure to hormonal contraceptives and 4.5 times with history of ovarian disease respectively. Conclusion: The reproductive risk factors such as unmarried status of women, nulliparity, menopause, absence of breast feeding, history of ovarian disease and use of contraceptives were strongly associated with breast cancer.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.258-264

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Health in Brazil: examples for the world

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/s1519-38292013000100006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 51-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Malaquias Batista Filho ◽

Anete Rissin

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Rural Families ◽

Health Sector ◽

Care Services ◽

Intervention Models ◽

History Of ◽

Demand For Health ◽

Information Framework

In the year 2012, for the first time in the history of humanity, the urban population has exceeded the rural population. This change has been conditioned, in large part, by migratory flows in the direction of the field to the cities, singularizing the importance of the situation according to epidemiological, ecological, political, and social aspects. These issues are highlighted by the United Nations (UNICEF and WHO) especially considering the remarkable and growing relevance that the poverty condition of rural families exercises in this displacement, creating a remarkable adverse and conflictive environment, mainly in the health sector. This fact occurs because the infrastructure of urban services is not keeping up with the sprawls in the outskirts of the cities of medium and large sizes. These arguments, of universal character, assume a crucial importance in developing countries, as in the case of Brazil, Latin America, an Asian subcontinent and the greater part of Africa. It is a context that justifies the I Brazilian Workshop on the Health of Subnormal Urban Clusters (old slums) to be held in Recife, as a strategy to consolidate a basic information framework about the epidemiological scenario, the supply and demand for health care services in urban areas of poverty. With an propositional objective: establish an agenda for research and intervention models having as focus the priorities of health of these urban spaces submitted to socio-economic conditions of recognized vulnerability.

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Identification of Coronary Risk Factors Among Urban and Rural Malaysian Youths and Their Possible Underlying Causes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-514827/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noor Shafina Mohd Nor ◽

Yung-An Chua ◽

Suraya Abdul Razak ◽

Zaliha Ismail ◽

Hapizah Mohd Nawawi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Later Life ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Coronary Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of the coronary risk factors (CRF) among youths assists in determining the high-risk group to develop CAD in later life. In view of the modernised lifestyle, both urban and rural residing youths are thought to be equally exposed to various CRF. This study aimed to describe the common CRF including obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and family history of premature CAD in Malaysian youths residing in urban and rural areas. Methods: We recruited 942 Malaysian subjects aged 15–24 years old [(males=257, and urban=555 vs rural=387, (mean age + SD = 20.5 + 2.1 years)] from the community health screening programmes organised in both rural and urban regions throughout Malaysia. Medical history and standardised anthropometric measurements were recorded. Laboratory investigations were obtained for fasting serum lipid profiles and plasma glucose levels. Results: Youths in the rural were more overweight and obese (49.4% vs 42.7%, p<0.044) and have higher family history of hyperlipidaemia (16.3% vs 11.3%, p<0.036) than youths in the urban areas. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (2.8 vs 2.7 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (TC) (4.7 vs 4.5 mmol/L) were significantly higher in urban compared to rural youths (p<0.019 and p<0.012). Overall, more youth in this study has CRF rather than not (Has CRF = 67.0% vs No CRF = 33.0%). Significantly more rural youths have at least one CRF compared to urban youths (rural = 71.6% vs urban = 63.8%, p=0.012). Conclusion: In conclusion, rural youths have significantly higher BMI with higher family history of hyperlipidaemia compared to urban youths. However, urban youths have higher LDL-c and TC levels. Other coronary risk factors are not significantly different between urban and rural youths. CRF were significantly more prevalent among rural compared to urban youths.

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Re: Risk Factors for Breast Cancer According to Family History of Breast Cancer

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/88.14.1003 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 88 (14) ◽

pp. 1003-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. PARAZZINI ◽

C. L. VECCHIA ◽

L. CHATENOUD ◽

E. NEGRI ◽

S. FRANCESCHI

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

History Of

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Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/163641 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. M. Seck ◽

D. G. Dia ◽

D. Doupa ◽

A. Diop-Dia ◽

I. Thiam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Biological Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

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