Pattern of Pulmonary Dysfunctions in Craniovertebral Junction Anomaly and Its Persistence after Rigid Occipitocervical Fixation

Abstract Introduction Despite a significant advancement in operative techniques of occipitocervical fixation, there is a poor postoperative patient outcome. This can be attributed to restrictive lung pattern in craniovertebral junction anomalies (CVJAs) patients resulting from repeated trauma to cervicomedullary junction by the pincer action of the bony anomalies and compression of the brainstem. We evaluate the changes in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) following rigid occipitocervical fixation in CVJA. Methods PFTs of 20 CVJA patients were measured pre and postoperatively using spirometry. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum forced mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25–75%), and ratio of FEV1 and FVC (FEV1%). The parameters were compared with the predicted normal values based on their age and sex. PFTs were repeated on the seventh postoperative day. McCormick grading was used to assess neurological function. Results The values of PFTs in the preoperative period were significantly lower than predicted normal values. The mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75% were 72, 68, and 71% of their mean predicted values, with FEV1% in the range of 70 to 95% with a mean of 81.4%. Postoperatively there was further significant reduction in the mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75%, and FEV1% compared with the preoperative values. There was neurological improvement in McCormick grades of patients postoperatively (from grade III and IV to grade II). Conclusion A significant restrictive lung disease is present in patients of CVJA, even though not clinically apparent, and it persists in the early postoperative period. However, a long-term follow-up is required to assess whether pulmonary function parameters improve subsequently.

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Impact of chronic khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312118824616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 205031211882461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽

Teshome Gensa Geta

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Mean Values ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Chronic consumption of khat affects many organ systems and leads to various health disturbances in the chewers. Few studies examined the acute effects of khat ingestion on lung function parameters. However, studies which assessed the long-term effects of khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chronic Khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation among chronic Khat chewers in Wolkite, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Wolkite, Ethiopia from 1 June 2018 to 15 August 2018. A total of 324 participants, 162 khat chewers and 162 non-chewers were included in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interview by trained data collectors. British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms. A spirometer was used to assess various lung function parameters. Moreover, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin was measured using pulse oximeter. Data were entered into CSPro version 6.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: This study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume among khat chewers as compared to non-chewers. There was no significant difference in the mean values of other lung function parameters between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p = 0.642) in mean oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) across the two groups. Conclusion: It is evident from this study that long-term khat consumption is associated with decreased mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume. Hence, there is a need for further study to strengthen the current findings and to explore the mechanisms of khat chewing effect on lung function parameters.

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Airway reactivity and lung function in triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.58.5.1485 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 1485-1488 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. S. Irwin ◽

M. R. Pratter ◽

D. H. Stivers ◽

L. E. Braverman

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Base Line ◽

Airway Reactivity ◽

Percent Change ◽

Serum T3 ◽

The Mean

To evaluate the possible relationship between asthma and hyperthyroidism, airway reactivity and lung function were prospectively compared in healthy volunteers before, during, and after liothyronine (triiodothyronine, T3)-induced hyperthyroidism. Base-line evaluation of the 10 subjects included clinical evaluation, thyroid and pulmonary function tests, and airway reactivity assessed by methacholine inhalational challenge (MIC). All studies were normal. During T3-induced hyperthyroidism, no subject developed respiratory symptoms or changes in pulmonary function or airway reactivity. The mean percent change in forced expiratory volume at 1 s from base line (delta FEV1) of -2.4 +/- 3.0 after MIC was not significantly different from that obtained before T3 administration (-1.4 +/- 1.5, P greater than 0.2). When all serum T3 concentrations and delta FEV1 values before, during and after T3-induced hyperthyroidism were compared, there was no significant correlation. We conclude that T3-induced hyperthyroidism of 3-wk duration has no effect on airway reactivity or lung function in normal volunteers.

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Effect of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy on Pulmonary Function After Treatment for Breast Cancer and Lymphoma: A Follow-Up Study

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1999.17.10.3091 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3091-3100 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Jacqueline C.M. Theuws ◽

Sara H. Muller ◽

Yvette Seppenwoolde ◽

Stefan L.S. Kwa ◽

Liesbeth J. Boersma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Lung Dose ◽

Alveolar Volume ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Lung Dose

PURPOSE: To determine the changes in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) 0 to 48 months after treatment for breast cancer and lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The alveolar volume (VA), vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and corrected transfer factor of carbon monoxide (TL,COc) were measured in 69 breast cancer and 41 lymphoma patients before treatment and 3, 18, and 48 months after treatment with radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine; cyclophosphamide, epidoxorubicin, fluorouracil; cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, carboplatin; cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil). The three-dimensional dose distribution in the lung of each patient was converted to the mean lung dose. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the changes in PFT values over time in relation to age, sex, smoking, chemotherapy, and the mean lung dose. RESULTS: After an initial reduction in PFT values at 3 months, significant recovery was seen at 18 months for all patients. Thereafter, no further improvement could be demonstrated. Reductions in spirometry values and VA were related to the mean lung dose only (0.9% per Gy at 3 months and 0.4% per Gy mean dose at 18 months). TL,COc decreased 1.1% per Gy mean dose and additionally decreased 6% when chemotherapy was given after radiotherapy. Chemotherapy administered before radiotherapy reduced baseline TL,COc values by 8% to 21%. All patients showed an improvement of 5% at 18 months. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the mean lung dose and the chemotherapy regimen, the changes in PFT values can be estimated before treatment within 10% of the values actually observed in 72% to 85% of our patients with healthy lungs.

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Laboratory Functional Age

Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/ta9w-mpp8-r1hh-r6qr ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 189-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. W. Burney

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽

Sedimentation Rate ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽

Male Veterans ◽

The Mean

The results of several laboratory and pulmonary function tests from a group of healthy male veterans were entered into a regression equation. Forced expiratory volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hemoglobin had Beta weights which, when combined with a constant, gave a laboratory functional age. This functional age was compared with the Ss' chronological age. It was found that some Ss were functionally older than their chronological age and several older Ss were considerably younger functionally than the majority whose values fell within ±2 SD of the mean of the group. Outlier Ss (functionally older or younger) from the psychology, sociology and anthropometry disciplines of the same study were compared with the laboratory functional age. Nearly all coincident outliers were older or younger in all disciplines, suggesting that perhaps aging occurs as a continuum in all phases rather than at very different rates in the various body systems.

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Association of Olfactory and Pulmonary Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1535

Author(s):

Ji-Sun Kim ◽

Jun-Ook Park ◽

Dong-Hyun Lee ◽

Ki-Hong Chang ◽

Byung Guk Kim

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

National Health ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Olfactory Dysfunction ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Olfactory Testing

Objectives: To identify the relationship between pulmonary function and subjective olfactory dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults. Materials and Methods: We used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2010 to 2012 to analyze 6191 participants in their 50s or older. Results: The frequency of olfactory dysfunction was 6.8% among the subjects with normal pulmonary function tests, but was significantly more frequent in those diagnosed with restrictive (9.6%) or obstructive (10.1%) pulmonary function. Forced volume vital capacity, forced expiratory volume (FEV)1, FEV6, and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower in the olfactory dysfunction group. The risk of olfactory dysfunction was significantly associated with obstructive pulmonary function (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.449 [1.010–2.081]) after adjusting for confounders (sex, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, education level, stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation). Conclusion: Middle-aged and older adults with obstructive pulmonary function had a higher incidence of subjective olfactory dysfunction than the normal pulmonary function group. Early olfactory testing may improve the quality of life of patients with obstructive pulmonary function.

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PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND PULMONARY FUNCTION STATUS OF RESTAURANT WORKERS

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.3/art.743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 163-172

Author(s):

Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jabbar Jabbar ◽

Retneswari Masilamani ◽

Lim Zhi Yik ◽

Chen Pei Fei ◽

Loh Xin Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Cooking Fumes

The cooking process may emit toxic compounds and airway irritants from both the fuel combustion and cooking fumes which is harmful to the respiratory health among the restaurant workers. A cross-sectional study of 243 restaurant workers from the selected restaurants in Sungai Long, Malaysia was conducted. The standardized British Medical Research Council questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (1986) was used during the interview to access the symptoms and the spirometry test was performed to evaluate the pulmonary functions of the participants. The data of socio-demography and occupational characteristics were also collected. The most complaint respiratory symptoms by the restaurant workers were breathlessness, which accounted for 33.7%, followed by wheezing (14%). The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the restaurant workers were within the normal range (>80%), except for the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) (79.09%). The results of the bivariate statistical analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test, showed the determining factors of the respiratory health among the workers were workers’ age and gender in addition to the working duration and the ethnicity. The restaurant workers in Sungai Long were at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and lower pulmonary function values due to prolonged exposure to cooking fumes. Emphasis should be given to the safety and health of restaurant workers and health education should be provided to the restaurant workers and owners. Strategies to increase notification of such occurrences among these workers should be looked into by related agencies in the country.

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Longitudinal Assessment of Pulmonary Function and Bronchodilator Response in Pediatric Patients With Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.674310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xiuhua Yu ◽

Jiaoyang Wei ◽

Yanchun Li ◽

Lu Zhang ◽

Hongming Che ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Average Rate ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Case Series ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Longitudinal Assessment ◽

Bronchodilator Response

Backgroud: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare respiratory disease. In recent years, the disease has been recognized and diagnosed increasingly in children. Pulmonary function is important for diagnosis, identifying the severity of the PIBO and monitoring progression. But there have been only a few studies that followed the evolution of PIBO on the basis of pulmonary function tests (PFTs).Objective: The study targeted the evolution of pulmonary function and bronchodilator response in a case series of Chinese children with PIBO.Methods: Twelve children between the ages of 6–99 months with PIBO were studied retrospectively from 2009 to 2019. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and maximal midexpiratory flow velocity 25–75% (MMEF25−75%) were collected at each PFT, and bronchodilator responses were evaluated. Spirometric parameters were monitored over time, and generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze longitudinal panel data.Results: The median baseline PFT values for FVC, FEV1, the FEV1/FVC ratio, and MMEF25−75% were 41.6, 39.75, 90.7, and 22.2%, respectively. At the initial PFTs, 10 (83.3%) patients demonstrated a significant bronchodilator response. FVC and FEV1 increased by 8.212%/year and 5.007%/year, respectively, and the FEV1/FVC ratio decreased by an average of 3.537%/year. MMEF25−75% showed improvement at an average rate of 1.583% every year. Overall, FEV1 and MMEF25−75% showed different degrees of improvement after the use of inhaled bronchodilators at each PFT session for 10 patients, and FEV1 measures demonstrated significant (>12%) β2-bronchodilation in 56% of PFT sessions.Conclusions: Pediatric patients with PIBO showed an obstructive defect in pulmonary function. The FVC, FEV1, and MMEF25−75% improved as they grew older, while the FEV1/FVC ratio decreased. This may be due to the development of lung parenchyma more than airway growth. Airway obstruction in some patients improved with the use of β2 agonists.

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Lung ultrasound B-lines and serum KL-6 correlate with the severity of idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/kez571 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 2024-2029 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yukai Wang ◽

Shaoqi Chen ◽

Jianqun Lin ◽

Xuezhen Xie ◽

Shijian Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Lung Ultrasound ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Inflammatory Myositis ◽

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis ◽

Function Tests ◽

B Lines

Abstract Objective Idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasound B-lines and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) are identified as new sonographic and serum markers of ILD, respectively. The aim of our work was to assess the role of B-lines and KL-6 as markers of the severity of IIM-ILD. For this purpose, the correlation among B-lines score, serum KL-6 levels, high-resolution CT (HRCT) score, and pulmonary function tests were investigated in IIM-ILD patients. Methods Thirty-eight patients with IIM-ILD underwent chest HRCT scans, lung ultrasound and pulmonary function tests (independently performed within 1 week) examination. To assess severity and extent of ILD at HRCT, the Warrick score was used. The B-lines score denoting the extension of ILD was calculated by summing the number of B-lines on a total of 50 scanning sites. Serum KL-6 levels (U/ml) was measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Results A significant correlation was found between the B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.43, P < 0.01), and between the Warrick score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). A positive correlation between B-lines score and the Warrick score (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001) was also confirmed. Both B-lines score and KL-6 levels inversely correlated to diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (r = −0.77, P < 0.0001 and r = −0.42, P < 0.05, respectively) and total lung capacity (r = −0.73, P < 0.0001 and r = −0.36, P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, B-lines correlated inversely with forced vital capacity (r = −0.73, P < 0.0001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = −0.69, P < 0.0001). Conclusion B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels correlate with HRCT findings and pulmonary function tests, supporting their use as measures of IIM-ILD severity.

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Computed tomography findings as determinants of pulmonary function tests in fibrotic interstitial lung diseases—Network-analyses and multivariate models

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

10.1177/1479973120967025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 147997312096702

Author(s):

David Lang ◽

Kaveh Akbari ◽

Stefan Walcherberger ◽

Benedikt Hergan ◽

Andreas Horner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

Network Analyses ◽

The Impact

The aim was to evaluate the impact of multiple high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features on pulmonary function test (PFT) biomarkers in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (FILD) patients. HRCT of subsequently ILD-board-discussed FILD patients were semi-quantitatively evaluated in a standardized approach: 18 distinct lung regions were scored for noduli, reticulation, honeycombing, consolidations, ground glass opacities (GGO), traction bronchiectasis (BRK) and emphysema. Total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and transfer coefficient (KCO) were assessed. Interactions between each PFT biomarker and all HRCT scores were visualized by network analyses, modeled according to the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion and incorporated in uni- and multivariate stepwise regression analyses. Among 108 FILD patients (mean age 67 years, 77% male), BRK extent was a major significant uni- or multivariate determinant of all PFT analyzed. Besides that, diffusion-based variables DLCO and KCO showed a larger dependency on reticulation, emphysema and GGO, while forced expiratory volume-based measures FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were more closely associated with consolidations. For TLC, the only significant multivariate determinant was reticulation. In conclusion, PFT biomarkers derived from spirometry, body plethysmography and diffusion capacity in FILD patients are differentially influenced by semi-quantified HRCT findings.

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Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Bronchial Reactivity

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/1995/502645 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 231-235

Author(s):

JL Wright ◽

J-P Sun ◽

S Vedal ◽

A Churg

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Different Strains

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a brief low level exposure to cigarette smoke in rats with known low (Sprague-Dawley) and high (Fisher) airway responsiveness, to test the hypothesis that airways reactivity influences the severity or duration of pulmonary function alterations after cigarette smoke exposure.METHODS: Baseline pulmonary function tests and methacholine dose response tests were conducted in 10 Sprague-Dawley and 10 Fisher rats. On the following day, the animals were reanaesthetized, and breathed for 1 min from a 2 L chamber into which 25 mL of fresh cigarette smoke had been injected, followed by a second set of pulmonary function and methacholine response tests; a final set was performed two weeks later.RESULTS: Sprague-Dawley rats were larger, with larger lung volumes, compliance and flow rates, but Fisher rats showed a fourfold higher airway reactivity. Although neither resistance nor response to methacholine changed in either strain of animal, Sprague-Dawley rats showed an increase in residual volume post smoke, which was not sustained over two weeks, and sustained small increases in vital capacity, total lung capacity and static lung compliance, with a sustained decrease in forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s, while Fisher rats showed only a small sustained increase in functional residual capacity.CONCLUSIONS: Although there are marked differences in pulmonary function between the two different strains of rats, increased airways responsiveness per se does not make the animal more sensitive to the acute effects of cigarette smoke, and the effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary function are not necessarily related to increased airway resistance. Pulmonary function alterations seen after brief cigarette smoke exposure may be sustained for a relatively long period of time.

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