scholarly journals Novel Classification of Posttraumatic Ear Deformities and its Surgical Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar ◽  
P. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Ear Deformity ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Surrounding Skin

Abstract Background Classification of posttraumatic ear deformities and its reconstruction is an uphill task for a reconstructive surgeon as they present in various combinations. In our study, we have described ear deformity as per a new classification and reconstructed the ear accordingly. Method Posttraumatic ear deformity was described under the following four headings: (a) zone of defect, (b) size of defect, (c) missing components, and (d) condition of surrounding skin. Twenty-six posttraumatic ear deformities were operated using postauricular skin flap (14), temporoparietal fascial (TPF) flaps (8), preauricular skin flap (1), intralesional excision (2), and primary closure with chondrocutaneous advancement in one patient. Costal cartilage was used for reconstruction of framework wherever required. Framework elevation was done 4 to 6 months postoperatively. Results Posttraumatic ear deformity was more common in males. Bite injury and road traffic accidents were the common causes. Zones I, II and III were most frequently involved. Four patients complained about size, contour, and projection of reconstructed ear. Three patients were not satisfied by the appearance of junction between reconstructed and residual ear. Four patients in whom the reconstruction was done with TPF, costal cartilage, and thin (SSG) split skin grafts complained of hyperpigmentation of reconstructed ear. Conclusion Classification of posttraumatic ear deformity and its reconstruction is a surgical challenge. Unscarred postauricular skin and TPF flaps are the workhorse flaps for reconstruction of acquired ear deformities. Our classification helps in describing the defect, documenting it, planning reconstruction, and aiding in assessing postoperative outcomes.

scholarly journals Ensuring Operators-Drivers Transport of Agricultural Machinery Safety in the Context of Sustainable Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Marina Ovcharenko ◽  
Andrey Ovcharenko ◽  
Elena Ovchinnikova ◽  
Alexey Arefiev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Work Shift ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common

Abstract The number and severity of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation is not reduced from year to year. It is established that one of the common causes of traffic accidents is sleep at the wheel, it is especially typical for operators-drivers of transport agricultural machinery. According to the experimental data were derived mathematical dependences of operator reaction time of the driver at the beginning and end of the work shift by his age, which proved that with increasing age operator reaction time in an emergency increases

Traumatic brain injury in adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayran Mistry ◽  
Nicola Murray
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Falls, assaults and road traffic accidents are the most common causes, with alcohol precipitating 65% of adult cases. The incidence of TBI is highest in men. As the UK population ages, however, the incidence of TBI in the elderly is rising. Approximately 1 million people affected in the UK have long-term sequelae, and GPs should be aware of the common causes and consequences of TBI. This article will focus primarily on mild TBI in adults.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AMPUTATION;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
NABILA SOOMRO ◽  
RUKHSANA BIBI ◽  
SYED IMRAN AHMED ◽  
Brigitte Kamran ◽  
Muhammad Ali Minhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Common Infections

Amputation is stated to be a foremost but preventable community health problem causing intense financial, social andemotional effects on the patient and family particularly in developing countries where the prosthetic services are limited. The purpose ofthis study was to identify the causes and levels of amputation in low resource community, Sindh Pakistan. Methods: This was aretrospective chart review study that was carried out at first civilian Institute of physical medicine & rehabilitation-Dow University of healthsciences from October 2007 to June 2012. After verbal informed consent all patients, who underwent major or minor amputation wereenrolled for the study. Data was collected using a pre-tested, coded questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: A total of1115 patients were enrolled into the study. Their ages were ranged between 2–95 years (mean 38.40±17.38). Among total population ofamputees 83.58% were males. The most common cause for major limb amputation was road Traffic accident 38.38%, followed byDiabetes 15.42%, infection 14.26% and trauma 12.37%. Lower limbs (trans-tibial) amputations were in 47.35% of cases and transfemoralin 27.98% of cases. While for the upper limb trans-radial amputation (7.4%) were found to be more common than trans-humeral(5.56%). Other amputations were for shoulder, hip and knee disarticulations. Conclusions: Road traffic accidents, complications ofdiabetic foot ulcers, infections and trauma were the most common causes for major limb amputations found in low resource community,Sindh Pakistan. The majority of these amputations are preventable by endowment of traffic rules, health education, early preventions andappropriate management of the common infections.

scholarly journals Epistaxis: etiological profile and treatment outcome in a teaching hospital in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Basheer N. K. ◽  
Jaya C. ◽  
Sabir V. T.
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Bleeding Point ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Nasal Bleed

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Epistaxis is the most common otorhinolaryngological emergency worldwide. Minor bleeding episodes occur more frequently in children and adolescents, whereas severe bleed requiring otolaryngologic intervention often occur in older individuals. Treatment options can be conservative or surgical, the selection of which should be made considering the parameters: efficiency, complications, and cost-benefit. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This was a prospective study done in 131 patients with epistaxis, in the Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, with the aim to determine the etiology and the outcome of the conservative and surgical management.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The most common causes of epistaxis were trauma and hypertension. The age incidence increased after forty years and majority had unilateral, anterior nasal, mild-moderate bleed. 79% of the cases were managed by conservative measures as opposed to only 21% who required surgical intervention. Success rate of anterior nasal pack and cauterisation of bleeding point was nearly 84%. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Majority of cases of epistaxis can be successfully managed by conservative measures and surgical intervention may not be necessary in most cases. Cauterization of bleeding point is the best conservative method which can be offered to the patient though anterior nasal packing still remains the most preferred method to control the bleed. The most common causes of epistaxis being trauma and hypertension, reducing road traffic accidents and lifestyle illness can reduce the incidence of nasal bleed.</span></p>

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Fractures in the Province of Pescara, Italy: A Retrospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Ascani ◽  
Francesca Di Cosimo ◽  
Michele Costa ◽  
Paolo Mancini ◽  
Claudio Caporale
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Future Plans

The aim of the present study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the Province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Central Italy. Was performed a retrospective review of patients treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Spirito Santo Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Data collected and analyzed included sex, age, cause of injury, site of fracture, monthly distribution, and alcohol misuse. A total of 306 patients sustaining 401 maxillofacial fractures were treated. There were 173 males (56.5%) and 133 females (43.5%). Most of the patients (36.9%) were in the age group of 18–44 years. The most common causes of injuries were road traffic accidents (26.4%); the second leading cause was interpersonal violence (23.2%), followed by injuries associated with falls (19.2%). Fractures of the mandible (31%) and zygoma (23%) were the most common maxillofacial fractures in our study. The monthly distribution peaked in the summer (July and August, 30.4%) and in October (13.1%). In conclusion, this study confirms the close correlation between the incidence and etiology of facial fractures and the geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic features of a population. The data obtained provide important information for the design of future plans for injury prevention and for education of citizens.

scholarly journals Analysis of the results of rendering first aid in case of maxillofacial injuries suffered in road traffic accidents

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Maslyakov ◽  
Yurii Evlampievich Barachevskii ◽  
Ol'ga Nikolaevna Pavlova ◽  
Dmitrii Aleksandrovich Polikarpov ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Special Means ◽  
The Common ◽  
Open Injuries ◽  
Type Of Injury

For achieving the set goal, the author conducted a retrospective research. The study involved the victims of road traffic accidents aged from 18 to 70 years, who suffered maxillofacial injuries; total of 150 victims over the period from 2010 to 2020. The selected topic is a pressing medical and social problem. It is observed that the number of close and open injuries received in road traffic accidents is roughly the same. However, the open injuries qualified as moderate and severe were determined in 45 (30%) cases. The data analysis indicates that in 30.7% of cases, first aid was rendered by bystanders and/or relatives of the victims, who do not have the necessary competence and knowledge for providing such aid; in another 19.3% of cases, first aid was rendered by operational services personnel (traffic police, fire and rescue divisions), who have the necessary knowledge and skills. The absence of necessary skills for rendering first aid to the victims of road traffic accident with such type of injury explains high percentage of mistakes, which amounted to 41.3%. At the same time, the operational services personnel demonstrated good results in rendering first aid; no mistakes were detected. The analysis of the common mistakes indicates the application of physical efforts in the process of removing victims from the vehicle; no special means while the victim's head was not fixated, which causes additional injuries. In six (4.0%) cases, the spoor condition of the victims was mistaken with comatose.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Injuries in Adults in Nepal: Findings from a Hospital-Based Injury Surveillance Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12701
Author(s):  
Santosh Bhatta ◽  
Dan Magnus ◽  
Julie Mytton ◽  
Elisha Joshi ◽  
Sumiksha Bhatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
One Year ◽  
Injured Patients

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a model of hospital-based injury surveillance and describe the epidemiology of injuries in adults. One-year prospective surveillance was conducted in two hospitals in Hetauda, Nepal. Data were collected electronically for patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with injuries between April 2019 and March 2020. To evaluate the model’s sustainability, clinical leaders, senior managers, data collectors, and study coordinators were interviewed. The total number of patients with injuries over one year was 10,154, representing 30.7% of all patients visiting the EDs. Of patients with injuries, 7458 (73.4%) were adults aged 18 years and over. Most injuries (6434, 86%) were unintentional, with smaller proportions due to assault (616, 8.2%) and self-harm (408, 5.5%). The median age of adult patients was 33 years (IQR 25–47). Males had twice the rate of ED presentation compared with females (40.4 vs. 20.9/1000). The most common causes were road traffic accidents (32.8%), falls (25.4%), and animal/insect related injuries (20.1%). Most injured patients were discharged after treatment (80%) with 9.1% admitted to hospital, 8.1% transferred to other hospitals, and 2.1% died. In Nepal, hospital-based injury surveillance is feasible, and rich injury data can be obtained by embedding data collectors in EDs.

scholarly journals A comparative study of graft uptake in split skin grafting between the first postoperative dressing done on day 3 versus day 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3615
Author(s):  
Gurushantappa Yalagachin ◽  
Abhijit D. Hiregoudar ◽  
Sanjay B. Mashal ◽  
Ashika Bagur ◽  
Naveena G. Shivaramu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Split Skin Grafting ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Comparative Prospective Study

Background: Skin grafting offers a method of regaining skin continuity. The common causes of skin graft failure are hematoma, seroma, infection. These affect the graft uptake maximally in the initial postoperative period by impairing graft adherence and subsequent revascularization. Aim of study was to compare graft uptake, rejection, seroma and infection among first postoperative dressing on day 3 versus day 5.Methods: A comparative, prospective study conducted at our institute from November 2015 to April 2021, with 100 patients who underwent SSG (split skin grafting) who were distributed into two groups. Group A underwent the first postoperative dressing on day 3 and group B on day 5. The second postoperative dressing was done 2 days following the first. The grafted site was then assessed on for the percentage of graft uptake, rejection, seroma, infection clinically and through culture and sensitivity.Results: The mean graft uptake in group A was 88.48% whereas in group B was 82.62% in the first dressing and in the second dressing, group A was 88.14% whereas group B was 78.02%, with statistically significant data and thus showing less rejection and infection rate in group A. Seroma was present in 82% of cases in group A and 74% in group B on 1st postoperative dressing which reduced to 6% and 12% respectively with the 2nd dressing.Conclusions: Thus, the first postoperative dressing done on Day 3 following skin grafting, significantly increased the final uptake of the graft, reduced seroma, infection and rejection rate.

scholarly journals Population perspective comparing COVID-19 to all and common causes of death in seven European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayanne Olabi ◽  
Jayshree Bagaria ◽  
Sunil Bhopal ◽  
Gwenetta Curry ◽  
Nazmy Villarroel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Mortality statistics on the COVID-19 pandemic have led to widespread concern and fear. To contextualise these data, we compared mortality related to COVID-19 with all and common causes of death, stratifying by age and sex. We also calculated deaths as a proportion of the population by age and sex. Methods: COVID-19 related mortality and population statistics from seven European countries were extracted: England and Wales, Italy, Germany, Spain, France, Portugal and Netherlands. Available data spanned 14-16 weeks since the first recorded deaths in each country, except Spain, where only comparable stratified data over an 8-week time period was available. The Global Burden of Disease database provided data on all deaths and those from pneumonia, cardiovascular disease combining ischaemic heart disease and stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, road traffic accidents and dementia. Findings: Deaths related to COVID-19, while modest overall, varied considerably by age. Deaths as a percentage of all cause deaths during the time period under study ranged from <0.01% in children in Germany, Portugal and Netherlands, to as high as 41.65% for men aged over 80 years in England and Wales. The percentage of the population who died from COVID-19 was less than 0.2% in every age group under the age of 80. In each country, over the age of 80, these proportions were: England and Wales 1.27% males, 0.87% females; Italy 0.6% males, 0.38% females; Germany 0.13% males, 0.09% females; France 0.39% males, 0.2% females; Portugal 0.2% males, 0.15% females; and Netherlands 0.6% males, 0.4% females. Interpretation: Mortality rates from COVID-19 remains low including when compared to other common causes of death and will likely decline further while control measures are maintained. These data may help people contextualise their risk and policy makers in decision-making.

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