scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Injuries in Adults in Nepal: Findings from a Hospital-Based Injury Surveillance Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12701
Author(s):  
Santosh Bhatta ◽  
Dan Magnus ◽  
Julie Mytton ◽  
Elisha Joshi ◽  
Sumiksha Bhatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
One Year ◽  
Injured Patients

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a model of hospital-based injury surveillance and describe the epidemiology of injuries in adults. One-year prospective surveillance was conducted in two hospitals in Hetauda, Nepal. Data were collected electronically for patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with injuries between April 2019 and March 2020. To evaluate the model’s sustainability, clinical leaders, senior managers, data collectors, and study coordinators were interviewed. The total number of patients with injuries over one year was 10,154, representing 30.7% of all patients visiting the EDs. Of patients with injuries, 7458 (73.4%) were adults aged 18 years and over. Most injuries (6434, 86%) were unintentional, with smaller proportions due to assault (616, 8.2%) and self-harm (408, 5.5%). The median age of adult patients was 33 years (IQR 25–47). Males had twice the rate of ED presentation compared with females (40.4 vs. 20.9/1000). The most common causes were road traffic accidents (32.8%), falls (25.4%), and animal/insect related injuries (20.1%). Most injured patients were discharged after treatment (80%) with 9.1% admitted to hospital, 8.1% transferred to other hospitals, and 2.1% died. In Nepal, hospital-based injury surveillance is feasible, and rich injury data can be obtained by embedding data collectors in EDs.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Tajammal Abbas Shah
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
Surgical Unit

To see the percentage, the different groups affected and pattern of injury by roadtraffic accidents among patients attending a unit of surgery in a teaching hospital. Objectives: Tosee the percentage of trauma among patients admitted in one surgical unit of a tertiary hospitalin one year and to compare this with the patients admitted in all surgical units of same tertiaryunit. To evaluate the pattern of trauma, male to female ratio, affected age groups, mechanismof injury, the organs affected, and the mortality rate in one surgical unit of a tertiary hospital of3rd most populated city of Pakistan during one year. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting:Surgical Unit II at Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Period: January 2009 to February 2010. Materialsand Methods: Patients admitted during this period for road traffic accidents in surgical unit IIof Allied Hospital Faisalabad were 94 (4.8 %) out of total 1956 patients presented and admittedin surgical unit II during this year. Total number of patients admitted in all surgical units of thishospital were 7388 while 21,400, patients received and admitted by all other specialties throughemergency units of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Patients with road traffic accidents admitted insurgical unit II through emergency unit of this hospital were part of this study. Among these94 patients 78 patients (82.97%) were adults and 18 children (19.14%). Patients with all otheremergencies modalities and minor injuries treated and discharged from emergency wereexcluded from this study. Results: Out of 1956 patients admitted in Surgical Unit II from total 7388of all surgical admissions and 21400 all emergencies ward patients, 94 patients (4.8%, 1.27%,and 0.439% respectively) were injured by road traffic accidents. Out of these 94 patients, 78patients (82.97%) were adults and 18 children (19.14%) patients. 58 patients (61.70%) were malesand 36 patients (38.29%) were females. 43 patients (45.74%) were pedestrians, 10 patients were(10.63%) on bicycles, 26 patients were (27.65%) on motorcycle while 15 patients (15.95%) werein other vehicles. 52 patients (55.31%) developed head injuries, 10 patients (10.93%) blunt traumaabdomen, 5 patients (5.31%) blunt trauma chest and 26 patients (27.65%) skeletal injuries ( 10patients forearm bones fracture, 6 patients with fracture mid-shaft of tibia, another 5 patients withfracture lower 1/3rd of femur and 5 patients with hand bones fracture ). All patients were treated bycombined specialty trauma surgeons. 3 patients (3.19%) died out of which 2 patients (2.12%) withsevere head trauma and one pedestrian (1.06%) with blunt trauma abdomen and lower chest. Allother patients survived and recovered with some morbidity. Conclusion: Road traffic trauma isone of major dilemma of our society. 94 road traffic accidents causalities were admitted duringone year in one surgical unit of a tertiary care center and 3 patients died. It is an alarming signto properly protect people, educate general population, employ dedicated road safety staff andfollow rules and regulation of traffic authorities.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Changed the Injury Patterns of Hospitalized Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Michael Rozenfeld ◽  
Kobi Peleg ◽  
Adi Givon ◽  
Miklosh Bala ◽  
Gad Shaked ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Registry ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Major Health ◽  
National Trauma ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Injured Patients

AbstractIntroduction:Injury patterns are closely related to changes in behavior. Pandemics and measures undertaken against them may cause changes in behavior; therefore, changes in injury patterns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak can be expected when compared to the parallel period in previous years.Study Objective:The aim of this study was to compare injury-related hospitalization patterns during the overall national lockdown period with parallel periods of previous years.Methods:A retrospective study was completed of all patients hospitalized from March 15 through April 30, for years 2016-2020. Data were obtained from 21 hospitals included in the national trauma registry during the study years. Clinical, demographic, and circumstantial parameters were compared amongst the years of the study.Results:The overall volume of injured patients significantly decreased during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 outbreak, with the greatest decrease registered for road traffic collisions (RTCs). Patients’ sex and ethnic compositions did not change, but a smaller proportion of children were hospitalized during the outbreak. Many more injuries were sustained at home during the outbreak, with proportions of injuries in all other localities significantly decreased. Injuries sustained during the COVID-19 outbreak were more severe, specifically due to an increase in severe injuries in RTCs and falls. The proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalizations did not change, however more surgeries were performed; patients stayed less days in hospital.Conclusions:The lockdown period of the COVID-19 outbreak led to a significant decrease in number of patients hospitalized due to trauma as compared to parallel periods of previous years. Nevertheless, trauma remains a major health care concern even during periods of high-impact disease outbreaks, in particular due to increased proportion of severe injuries and surgeries.

scholarly journals Epistaxis: etiological profile and treatment outcome in a teaching hospital in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Basheer N. K. ◽  
Jaya C. ◽  
Sabir V. T.
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Bleeding Point ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Nasal Bleed

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Epistaxis is the most common otorhinolaryngological emergency worldwide. Minor bleeding episodes occur more frequently in children and adolescents, whereas severe bleed requiring otolaryngologic intervention often occur in older individuals. Treatment options can be conservative or surgical, the selection of which should be made considering the parameters: efficiency, complications, and cost-benefit. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This was a prospective study done in 131 patients with epistaxis, in the Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, with the aim to determine the etiology and the outcome of the conservative and surgical management.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The most common causes of epistaxis were trauma and hypertension. The age incidence increased after forty years and majority had unilateral, anterior nasal, mild-moderate bleed. 79% of the cases were managed by conservative measures as opposed to only 21% who required surgical intervention. Success rate of anterior nasal pack and cauterisation of bleeding point was nearly 84%. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Majority of cases of epistaxis can be successfully managed by conservative measures and surgical intervention may not be necessary in most cases. Cauterization of bleeding point is the best conservative method which can be offered to the patient though anterior nasal packing still remains the most preferred method to control the bleed. The most common causes of epistaxis being trauma and hypertension, reducing road traffic accidents and lifestyle illness can reduce the incidence of nasal bleed.</span></p>

scholarly journals A study of the outcome of pregnancy complicated by obstetric cholestasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Samik Medda ◽  
Sibani Sengupta ◽  
Upasana Palo
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Fetal Surveillance ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
One Year ◽  
Period Of Gestation

Background: Obstetric cholestasis is one of the most common causes of liver disease in pregnancy. Present study was carried out to study the incidence of Obstetric Cholestasis and its feto-maternal outcome in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It is a prospective epidemiologycal study during a period of one year (2014 to 2015) over 100 pregnant ladies suffering from pruritus and detected as having Obstetric Cholestasis. They were followed up and maternal as well as fetal-neonatal outcome recorded. Appropriate statistical analysis done as applicable.Results: The incidence of Obstetric Cholestasis in our hospital was 9.9%. Majority of cases (43.0%) are diagnosed in late gestational age, mostly during 28 to 32 weeks period of gestation. Maternal morbidities are due to sleep disturbance (60/100), dyslipidemia, coagulation abnormality, PPH (10.0%) and increase chance of operative delivery (66.0%). Neonatal morbidities are mainly due to fetal distress, prematurity (22.0%), low birth weight (32/100) and meconium staining of amniotic fluid (42.0%). Maximum number of patients are delivered at 37 to 38 weeks, due to active and early intervention.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and active maternal and fetal surveillance is of utmost importance to avoid adverse outcomes.

Road Traffic Accident Related Morbidity as Seen in an Accident and Emergency Department

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Galloway ◽  
A. R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department ◽  
Serious Injuries

This paper describes some of the findings of a prospective study of victims of road traffic accidents arriving at the Western Infirmary's Accident and Emergency Department over a period of 12 months. More than half the accidents occurred during leisure hours thus likely to stretch the resources of the hospital services. More than a third of the total number of patients were young male drivers. Serious injuries were significantly more often sustained among pedestrians who were often older. Victims of motor-cycle accidents less often escaped serious injuries. Blood ethanol studies on a small sample suggested that male pedestrians were often highly intoxicated. A public health education programme is regarded as a primary measure in preventing a large proportion of serious morbidity and mortality especially amongst pedestrians.

scholarly journals A descriptive study of cranio-cerebral injuries admitted in tertiary care center of coastal Andhra Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumar ◽  
B.V. Subrahmanyam ◽  
S.V. Phanindra ◽  
Ashok Munivenkatappa ◽  
S. Satish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Cerebral Contusion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
One Year

Abstract Introduction: Demographic and clinical profile of traumatic brain injury (TBI) of a particular place is very crucial for strengthening the guidelines. The details of same are scant from a tertiary institute, Nellore district. The present study aims to explore the demographic, injury and clinical aspects of cerebro-cranial injury patients from an institute setup. Methods: The study consists of two years retrospective data and one year prospective data. The study was approved by institute ethical committee. The patient data was entered on pre designed proforma that includes the desired variables. The data analysis was done using StatsDirect software. Both prospective and retrospective data was merged for analysis. Percentages for categorical data and mean values for continuous data were calculated. Results: There were total of 336 patients. Patients in age group of 21 to 50 years constituted 67% and males were four times higher than females. Nearly one fourth of patients were influenced by alcohol. Three fourth of accidents were due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) followed by falls (17%) and assault (6%). About one tenth of patients were pedestrians. One fourth of patients had associated injuries other than head and brain. On CT findings majority of patients had cerebral contusion (46%) followed by skull fracture (40%), SDH (28%) and EDH (23%). Twenty two patients died in the study period. Conclusion: Knowledge of injury and its later consequences to public is very important. Strict rules to consider safety precautions and compulsory family insurances should be encouraged. Rules to prevent paediatric drive.

scholarly journals Ensuring Operators-Drivers Transport of Agricultural Machinery Safety in the Context of Sustainable Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Marina Ovcharenko ◽  
Andrey Ovcharenko ◽  
Elena Ovchinnikova ◽  
Alexey Arefiev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Work Shift ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common

Abstract The number and severity of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation is not reduced from year to year. It is established that one of the common causes of traffic accidents is sleep at the wheel, it is especially typical for operators-drivers of transport agricultural machinery. According to the experimental data were derived mathematical dependences of operator reaction time of the driver at the beginning and end of the work shift by his age, which proved that with increasing age operator reaction time in an emergency increases

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Defects And Face Deformations: Features Of Diagnostics And Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Iftikhor Obidjonovich Nigmatov ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Abdujalilovich Boymuradov ◽  
Jamolbek Abdukakhkhorovich Djuraev ◽  
Yusupov Shokhrukh Shukhratovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Traumatic

The high growth of injuries, the absence in the country of a unified approach to the treatment of victims with pathology of the bones of the face and skull leads to a sharp increase in the number of patients with post-traumatic deformities, defects, often to their disability and death. This problem has recently acquired the greatest importance in connection with the increase in the number of victims in areas of natural disasters and road traffic accidents. Severe multiple fractures of the bones of the middle zone of the facial skeleton, accompanied by craniocerebral trauma of varying degrees, bleeding and liquorrhea, are often outwardly unnoticeable, since they are hidden by pronounced edema, hemorrhages in soft tissues, and can only be determined with a targeted specialized examination. These types of examinations and the provision of specialized medical care are possible only in multidisciplinary centers. Therefore, these types of injuries are not always diagnosed in a timely manner, especially in severely injured with the presence of pronounced injuries of other localizations.

scholarly journals An audit of hepatobiliary diseases in a tertiary level intensive care unit in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Pramesh Sunder Shrestha ◽  
Subhash Prasad Acharya ◽  
Gentle Sunder Shrestha ◽  
Diptesh Aryal ◽  
Rejin Kumar Udaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Hepatobiliary Disease ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hepatobiliary Diseases ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Background: Hepatobiliary diseases account for significant proportion of admission in our intensive care unit, a semi-closed, 11 bedded mixed medical-surgical unit. This study was conducted to study the profile of patients with various hepatobiliary diseases who required intensive care unit admissions with the aim of identifying the need for a hepatobiliary critical care facility. Methods: A retrospective study was designed and all consecutive patients admitted with hepatobiliary problems from January 2013 till December 2013 were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of 467 patients admitted, there were 61 (13.06%) patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Out of 61 patients, there were 24 (39.3%) patients with medical cause for hepatobiliary disease and 37 (60.7%) patients with a surgical cause. The majority of the patients 52.45% were male. The overall mortality in these patients was 37.70%. The mortality in patients with surgical cause for the hepatobiliary disease was less (27.02%). Encephalopathy was a common condition leading to ICU admission. The common medical conditions were Cirrhosis secondary to Alcoholic Liver disease and Acute Fulminant Hepatic Failure. The commonest surgical conditions were Severe Pancreatitis, Post-Whipple's surgery, postoperative sepsis after Cholecystectomy, Liver Injury secondary to Road Traffic Accidents and Severe Cholangitis. Conclusion: The number of patients presenting to our multidisciplinary unit with hepatobiliary diseases is high and this group of patients have a high mortality. Though the numbers do not suggest an immediate need for a Hepatobiliary intensive care unit, the increasing trend suggests such a facility would be the need of time in near future.

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