scholarly journals Epistaxis: etiological profile and treatment outcome in a teaching hospital in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Basheer N. K. ◽  
Jaya C. ◽  
Sabir V. T.
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Bleeding Point ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Nasal Bleed

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Epistaxis is the most common otorhinolaryngological emergency worldwide. Minor bleeding episodes occur more frequently in children and adolescents, whereas severe bleed requiring otolaryngologic intervention often occur in older individuals. Treatment options can be conservative or surgical, the selection of which should be made considering the parameters: efficiency, complications, and cost-benefit. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This was a prospective study done in 131 patients with epistaxis, in the Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, with the aim to determine the etiology and the outcome of the conservative and surgical management.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The most common causes of epistaxis were trauma and hypertension. The age incidence increased after forty years and majority had unilateral, anterior nasal, mild-moderate bleed. 79% of the cases were managed by conservative measures as opposed to only 21% who required surgical intervention. Success rate of anterior nasal pack and cauterisation of bleeding point was nearly 84%. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Majority of cases of epistaxis can be successfully managed by conservative measures and surgical intervention may not be necessary in most cases. Cauterization of bleeding point is the best conservative method which can be offered to the patient though anterior nasal packing still remains the most preferred method to control the bleed. The most common causes of epistaxis being trauma and hypertension, reducing road traffic accidents and lifestyle illness can reduce the incidence of nasal bleed.</span></p>

scholarly journals Laryngeal Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Gurbax Singh ◽  
Sumit Prinja ◽  
Suchina Parmar ◽  
Garima Bansal ◽  
Simmi Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Laryngeal Trauma ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Laryngeal Injury ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Specific Factors

Introduction Laryngeal trauma can be an immediately life-threatening entity.  Failure to recognize such injuries and delay in securing the airway may have fatal results. Early diagnosis and accurate evaluation with proper treatment is vital. Materials and Methods Fifteen patients with laryngotracheal injuries were analyzed prospectively. The outcome was assessed both in terms of voice and airway, on short term and long term basis. Result Commonest cause of injury was suicidal followed by road traffic accidents and strangulation. The main presenting symptoms and signs were stridor, hoarseness, haemoptysis and odynophagia. Five patients suffered penetrating trauma and ten patient sustained blunt trauma. Sites of laryngeal injury included; hyoid bone fracture, mixed soft tissue and cartilaginous injuries, thyrohyoid membrane and cricothyroid membrane injuries. Eleven patients presented within 24 hours of the injury. Outcome (airway and voice) was good in ten patients whereas it was poor in three patients. Poor results were seen in patients who had delayed surgical intervention. Conclusion Early surgical intervention is recommended for   traumatic laryngeal injuries to ensure a good outcome; which further depends upon patient’s condition, injury and treatment-specific factors.

scholarly journals Ensuring Operators-Drivers Transport of Agricultural Machinery Safety in the Context of Sustainable Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Marina Ovcharenko ◽  
Andrey Ovcharenko ◽  
Elena Ovchinnikova ◽  
Alexey Arefiev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Work Shift ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common

Abstract The number and severity of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation is not reduced from year to year. It is established that one of the common causes of traffic accidents is sleep at the wheel, it is especially typical for operators-drivers of transport agricultural machinery. According to the experimental data were derived mathematical dependences of operator reaction time of the driver at the beginning and end of the work shift by his age, which proved that with increasing age operator reaction time in an emergency increases

scholarly journals Dementia and road traffic accidents among non-institutionalized older people in Denmark: A Danish register-based nested case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindong Ding Petersen ◽  
Volkert Dirk Siersma ◽  
René Depont Christensen ◽  
Maria Munch Storsveen ◽  
Connie Thurøe Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Institutionalized Older People

Aim: We used register-based data to estimate the effect of all-type dementia on road traffic accidents (RTAs) risk, combined with comorbidities or sedative medicines, among non-institutionalized older people in Denmark. Methods: The source population was all residents in Denmark aged 65 years and older, alive as of January 1, 2008 ( n = 853,228). Cases were those who had any type of RTA in 2009–2014. Each case was matched for age, sex and geographic location to 4–6 controls. All-type dementia was ascertained using the International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) diagnosis supplemented with prescribed medicine records. Eight chronic diseases were selected to assess comorbidities. Four types of medicines were categorized as sedative medicines for analysis. Conditional logistic regression with adjustment for education and marital status as well as either the number of comorbidities or sedative medications use was performed using STATA software. Results: Older people with dementia had lower RTAs risk compared to their controls (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (0.32–0.60), p < 0.001). Significant interaction was observed between dementia and the number of comorbidities for RTAs estimation. Conclusions: The significantly lower RTAs risk for older individuals with dementia observed in our study may be due to people with dementia living at home having a lower frequency of outdoor activities; that is, less exposure to traffic. However, this, together with the interaction between dementia and comorbidities as well as sedative medications, should be investigated further.

scholarly journals Novel Classification of Posttraumatic Ear Deformities and its Surgical Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar ◽  
P. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Ear Deformity ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Surrounding Skin

Abstract Background Classification of posttraumatic ear deformities and its reconstruction is an uphill task for a reconstructive surgeon as they present in various combinations. In our study, we have described ear deformity as per a new classification and reconstructed the ear accordingly. Method Posttraumatic ear deformity was described under the following four headings: (a) zone of defect, (b) size of defect, (c) missing components, and (d) condition of surrounding skin. Twenty-six posttraumatic ear deformities were operated using postauricular skin flap (14), temporoparietal fascial (TPF) flaps (8), preauricular skin flap (1), intralesional excision (2), and primary closure with chondrocutaneous advancement in one patient. Costal cartilage was used for reconstruction of framework wherever required. Framework elevation was done 4 to 6 months postoperatively. Results Posttraumatic ear deformity was more common in males. Bite injury and road traffic accidents were the common causes. Zones I, II and III were most frequently involved. Four patients complained about size, contour, and projection of reconstructed ear. Three patients were not satisfied by the appearance of junction between reconstructed and residual ear. Four patients in whom the reconstruction was done with TPF, costal cartilage, and thin (SSG) split skin grafts complained of hyperpigmentation of reconstructed ear. Conclusion Classification of posttraumatic ear deformity and its reconstruction is a surgical challenge. Unscarred postauricular skin and TPF flaps are the workhorse flaps for reconstruction of acquired ear deformities. Our classification helps in describing the defect, documenting it, planning reconstruction, and aiding in assessing postoperative outcomes.

scholarly journals Seatbelt Injury Causing Small Bowel Devascularisation: Case Series and Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent O'Dowd ◽  
Christine Kiernan ◽  
Aoife Lowery ◽  
Waqar Khan ◽  
Kevin Barry
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Surgical Intervention ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Strategies

The use of seatbelts has increased significantly in the last twenty years, leading to a decrease in mortality from road traffic accidents (RTA). However, this increase in seatbelt use has also led to a change in the spectrum of injuries from RTA; abdominal injuries, particularly intestinal injuries have dramatically increased with the routine use of seatbelts. Such intestinal injuries frequently result from improper placement of the “lap belt”. We present 3 cases in which passengers wearing a seatbelt sustained significant devascularisation injuries to the small bowel requiring emergency surgical intervention. A high index of suspicion is crucial in such cases to prevent delays in diagnosis that can lead to severe complications and adverse outcomes. It is evident that while advocating seatbelt use, the importance of education in correct seatbelt placement should also be a focus of public health strategies to reduce RTA morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Fractures in the Province of Pescara, Italy: A Retrospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Ascani ◽  
Francesca Di Cosimo ◽  
Michele Costa ◽  
Paolo Mancini ◽  
Claudio Caporale
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Future Plans

The aim of the present study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the Province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Central Italy. Was performed a retrospective review of patients treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Spirito Santo Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Data collected and analyzed included sex, age, cause of injury, site of fracture, monthly distribution, and alcohol misuse. A total of 306 patients sustaining 401 maxillofacial fractures were treated. There were 173 males (56.5%) and 133 females (43.5%). Most of the patients (36.9%) were in the age group of 18–44 years. The most common causes of injuries were road traffic accidents (26.4%); the second leading cause was interpersonal violence (23.2%), followed by injuries associated with falls (19.2%). Fractures of the mandible (31%) and zygoma (23%) were the most common maxillofacial fractures in our study. The monthly distribution peaked in the summer (July and August, 30.4%) and in October (13.1%). In conclusion, this study confirms the close correlation between the incidence and etiology of facial fractures and the geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic features of a population. The data obtained provide important information for the design of future plans for injury prevention and for education of citizens.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Injuries in Adults in Nepal: Findings from a Hospital-Based Injury Surveillance Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12701
Author(s):  
Santosh Bhatta ◽  
Dan Magnus ◽  
Julie Mytton ◽  
Elisha Joshi ◽  
Sumiksha Bhatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
One Year ◽  
Injured Patients

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a model of hospital-based injury surveillance and describe the epidemiology of injuries in adults. One-year prospective surveillance was conducted in two hospitals in Hetauda, Nepal. Data were collected electronically for patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with injuries between April 2019 and March 2020. To evaluate the model’s sustainability, clinical leaders, senior managers, data collectors, and study coordinators were interviewed. The total number of patients with injuries over one year was 10,154, representing 30.7% of all patients visiting the EDs. Of patients with injuries, 7458 (73.4%) were adults aged 18 years and over. Most injuries (6434, 86%) were unintentional, with smaller proportions due to assault (616, 8.2%) and self-harm (408, 5.5%). The median age of adult patients was 33 years (IQR 25–47). Males had twice the rate of ED presentation compared with females (40.4 vs. 20.9/1000). The most common causes were road traffic accidents (32.8%), falls (25.4%), and animal/insect related injuries (20.1%). Most injured patients were discharged after treatment (80%) with 9.1% admitted to hospital, 8.1% transferred to other hospitals, and 2.1% died. In Nepal, hospital-based injury surveillance is feasible, and rich injury data can be obtained by embedding data collectors in EDs.

scholarly journals Trampolines injuries are bouncing back

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Yahya Ibrahim ◽  
Sumon Huq ◽  
Kanatheepan Shanmuganathan ◽  
Helen Gille ◽  
Pranai Buddhdev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
High Energy Trauma ◽  
Paediatric Trauma ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Number Of Patients

Aims This observational study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic upon the paediatric trauma burden of a district general hospital. We aim to compare the nature and volume of the paediatric trauma during the first 2020 UK lockdown period with the same period in 2019. Methods Prospective data was collected from 23 March 2020 to 14 June 2020 and compared with retrospective data collected from 23 March 2019 to 14 June 2019. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, nature of the injury, and details of any surgery were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the independent-samples t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann-Whitney-U test for non-parametric data. Additionally, patients were contacted by telephone to further explore the mechanism of injury where required, to gain some qualitative insight into the risk factors for injury. Results The 2020 lockdown resulted in 30% fewer paediatric trauma presentations (441 vs 306), but no significant change in the number of patients requiring surgery (47 vs 51; p = 0.686). Trampolining injuries increased in absolute numbers by 168% (p < 0.001), almost four times more common when considered as percentage of all injuries observed in 2020 vs 2019. There was a decrease in high energy trauma from road traffic accidents and falls from height (21.5% decrease, p < 0.001). Despite a shift towards more conservative treatment options, trampolining injuries continued to require surgery in similar proportions (19.4 vs 20%; p = 0.708). Qualitative investigation revealed that the most common risk factor for trampolining injury was concurrent usage, especially with an older child. Conclusion COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in a decrease in paediatric orthopaedic presentations and high energy trauma. However, due to a marked increase in home trampolining injuries, and their unchanged requirement for surgery, there has been no change in the requirement for surgery during the lockdown period. As home exercise becomes more prevalent, a duty of public health falls upon clinicians to advise parents against trampoline usage. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(2):86–92.

scholarly journals Population perspective comparing COVID-19 to all and common causes of death in seven European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayanne Olabi ◽  
Jayshree Bagaria ◽  
Sunil Bhopal ◽  
Gwenetta Curry ◽  
Nazmy Villarroel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Mortality statistics on the COVID-19 pandemic have led to widespread concern and fear. To contextualise these data, we compared mortality related to COVID-19 with all and common causes of death, stratifying by age and sex. We also calculated deaths as a proportion of the population by age and sex. Methods: COVID-19 related mortality and population statistics from seven European countries were extracted: England and Wales, Italy, Germany, Spain, France, Portugal and Netherlands. Available data spanned 14-16 weeks since the first recorded deaths in each country, except Spain, where only comparable stratified data over an 8-week time period was available. The Global Burden of Disease database provided data on all deaths and those from pneumonia, cardiovascular disease combining ischaemic heart disease and stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, road traffic accidents and dementia. Findings: Deaths related to COVID-19, while modest overall, varied considerably by age. Deaths as a percentage of all cause deaths during the time period under study ranged from <0.01% in children in Germany, Portugal and Netherlands, to as high as 41.65% for men aged over 80 years in England and Wales. The percentage of the population who died from COVID-19 was less than 0.2% in every age group under the age of 80. In each country, over the age of 80, these proportions were: England and Wales 1.27% males, 0.87% females; Italy 0.6% males, 0.38% females; Germany 0.13% males, 0.09% females; France 0.39% males, 0.2% females; Portugal 0.2% males, 0.15% females; and Netherlands 0.6% males, 0.4% females. Interpretation: Mortality rates from COVID-19 remains low including when compared to other common causes of death and will likely decline further while control measures are maintained. These data may help people contextualise their risk and policy makers in decision-making.

scholarly journals Road Accidents Involving Motorcyclists in the Practice of Emergency Medical Teams – Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Motorcycle Accidents on Polish Roads in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-202
Author(s):  
Paweł Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents

Purpose: The aim of the article was to analyze motorcycle accidents in Poland on the basis of statistical data from the Polish Police Headquarters from 2019. The author presents the collected data in the form of charts, broken down by causes, the number of events in individual months, and the age of the perpetrators, injured and victims. The work also deals with the issue of dealing with victims of motorcycle accidents as part of first aid and rescue. Introduction: Every year, the number of casualties on Polish roads is increasing. Accidents affect all forms of transport and communication. Modern technologies used in the production of motor vehicles, a number of forms of improving their skills available to drivers offered by training entities and the improving infrastructure of roads in the country predispose to increased traffic on Polish roads. Drivers often lose control of their vehicles, forgetting about the potential dangers of recklessness and irresponsibility. Various types of traffic incidents involving these vehicles then take place. The chances of motorcyclists during traffic accidents, despite the security measures used in helmets and protective clothing, are small. Methodology: The main research tool used during the work on the article was the analysis of data contained in the documentation. The data presented in this study constitute the material entitled Road accidents in Poland in 2019 provided by the General Police Headquarters (KGP) Road Traffic Office. The author has made a statistical analysis of the above-mentioned data to visualize road accidents involving motorcyclists and their consequences. The events in which a motorcyclist was injured and the most common causes of accidents caused by motorcyclists, the age of the perpetrators of accidents – motorcyclists, as well as fatalities and injuries in these road accidents are presented. Conclusions: In 2019, motorcyclists made up a large group of people who died or were seriously injured in road accidents. The number of traffic accidents and the number of killed motorcyclists is greater than 2018. Data analysis allowed to define the most common causes of accidents involving motorcyclists caused by drivers of other vehicles. These include: failure to give right-of-way and incorrect behavior on the road while driving, such as turning, changing lanes or overtaking. On the other hand, the most common causes of accidents caused by motorcyclists are: excessive speed, incorrect overtaking, no safe distance from other vehicles, failure to give right-of-way. Keywords: motorcycle accidents, emergency medical team, multi-organ trauma Type of article: review article

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