Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Overlapping Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Møller ◽  
Nina Kimer ◽  
Thit Kronborg ◽  
Josephine Grandt ◽  
Jens Dahlgaard Hove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Near Future

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) denotes a condition with excess fat in the liver. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing, averaging > 25% of the Western population. In 25% of the patients, NAFLD progresses to its more severe form: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and >25% of these progress to cirrhosis following activation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. NAFLD is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome and represents a considerable and increasing health burden. In the near future, NAFLD cirrhosis is expected to be the most common cause for liver transplantation. NAFLD patients have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as liver-related morbidity. In addition, hepatic steatosis itself appears to represent an independent cardiovascular risk factor. In the present review, we provide an overview of the overlapping mechanisms and prevalence of NAFLD and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—Is There a Link?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Orlić ◽  
I. Mikolasevic ◽  
Z. Bagic ◽  
S. Racki ◽  
D. Stimac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Research in recent years has led to the recognition of the importance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relationship to the metabolic syndrome (MS). This has led to a growing interest in the potential prognostic value of NAFLD for adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome. On the other hand, searching for new risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression is very important. Growing evidence suggests that the MS is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CKD. The best confirmation of this pathogenic link is hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy as the main causes of CKD. Furthermore, the possible link between NAFLD and CKD has also attracted research interest and recent data suggest an association between these two conditions. These findings have fuelled concerns that NAFLD may be a new and added risk factor for the development and progression of CKD. NAFLD and CKD share some important cardiometabolic risk factors and possible common pathophysiological mechanisms, and both are linked to an increased risk of incident CVD events. Therefore, common factors underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CKD may be insulin resistance, oxidative stress, activation of rennin-angiotensin system, and inappropriate secretion of inflammatory cytokines by steatotic and inflamed liver.

scholarly journals Roles for PI3K/AKT/PTEN Pathway in Cell Signaling of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Matsuda ◽  
Mayumi Kobayashi ◽  
Yasuko Kitagishi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver pathologies and is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, which represents a range of fatty liver diseases associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Molecular mechanisms underlying how to make transition from simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are not well understood. However, accumulating evidence indicates that deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in hepatocytes is a common molecular event associated with metabolic dysfunctions including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and the NAFLD. A tumor suppressor PTEN negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT pathways through its lipid phosphatase activity. Molecular studies in the NAFLD support a key role for PTEN in hepatic insulin sensitivity and the development of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. We review recent studies on the features of the PTEN and the PI3K/AKT pathway and discuss the protein functions in the signaling pathways involved in the NAFLD. The molecular mechanisms contributing to the diseases are the subject of considerable investigation, as a better understanding of the pathogenesis will lead to novel therapies for a condition.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of and major animal models used for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1453-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzuo Jiang ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Weijie Wang ◽  
Yi Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its pathologically more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become prevalent worldwide and carry an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma and other metabolic diseases. Diverse animal models have been proposed to replicate particular characteristics of NAFLD and NASH and have provided significant clues to the critical molecular targets of NASH treatment. In this review, we summarize the histopathology, pathogenesis, and molecular basis of NAFLD progression and discuss the benchmark animal models of NAFLD/NASH.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Has the Time Come for Cardiologists to Be Hepatologists?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Ahmed ◽  
Salma Barakat ◽  
Ahmed O. Almobarak
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in people with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and is present in up to one-third of the general population. Evidence is now accumulating that NAFLD is associated with obesity and diabetes and may serve as a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The possible mechanisms linking NAFLD and CVD include inflammation and oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, and direct impact of NAFLD on coronary arteries and left ventricular dysfunction. In addition, several studies suggest that NAFLD is associated with high risk of CVD and atherosclerosis such as carotid artery wall thickness and lower endothelial flow-mediated vasodilation independently of classical risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome. It is not yet clear how treatment of NAFLD will modulate the risk of CVD. Furthermore, studies are urgently needed to establish (i) the pathophysiology of CVD with NAFLD and (ii) the benefit of early diagnosis and treatment of CVD in patients with NAFLD. In the absence of biochemical markers, it is crucial that screening and surveillance strategies are adopted in clinical practice in the growing number of patients with NAFLD and at risk of developing CVD. Importantly, the current evidence suggest that statins are safe and effective treatment for CVD in individuals with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Obese Subjects With Abdominal Obesity is Associated With A Higher Risk of Advanced Cardiovascular Disease: A 14 Year Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Kyoung Son ◽  
Ji Hye Park ◽  
Joung-won Lee ◽  
Seungwoo Kim ◽  
Won Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract Background Obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between non-obese NAFLD and the incidence of CVD is still unclear and little is known about deleterious factors related to their inter-relationship. Here, we investigated the effects of abdominal obesity (AO) and/or NAFLD on CVD risk.Methods We enrolled 8,422 patients who did not have CVD or consume excessive amounts of alcohol at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). NAFLD was defined using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, and AO was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. Subjects were sub-divided into eight groups depending on whether they were obese, AO, and/or NAFLD.Results In the full cohort, during a median 11.6 years of follow-up period, the incidence rate (IR) of CVD was 8.07%. The IR of CVD in participants with NAFLD was 1.9-fold higher than in those without NAFLD. The IR per 1,000 person-years for CVD was highest in the non-obese abdominal obesity subjects with NAFLD (15.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.76–20.69]). Compared with participants who did not have obesity, AO, or NAFLD, the adjusted hazard ratio for CVD was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.16–2.41) in non-obese NAFLD patients with AO, 1.60 (95% CI: 1.21–2.11) in NAFLD patients with obesity and AO, and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.32–0.91) in obese subjects without either NAFLD or AO.Conclusions The co-occurrence of AO with NAFLD appears to be strongly associated with an increased risk of CVD regardless of obesity; but its risk is higher in non-obese subjects. By contrast, obese individuals without AO or NAFLD appear to be at lower risk. Therefore, early prevention and control of AO and NAFLD is an important means of reducing the risk of CVD, even in subjects with a normal BMI.

Cardiovascular Risk in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bobrus- Chociej ◽  
Natalia Wasilewska ◽  
Marta Flisiak- Jackiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Lebensztejn
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a main cause of chronic liver disease in children. With the global obesity epidemic, the prevalence of NAFLD is increasing both in industrialized and developing countries. NAFLD is a multisystem disorder and a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Growing scientific evidence suggests that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This paper briefly describes the current knowledge concerning the association between NAFLD and cardiac dysfunction in children.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of atrial fibrillation stratified by body mass index: a nationwide population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Ryoung Lee ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Eue-Keun Choi ◽  
Seil Oh ◽  
Gregory Y. H. Lip
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe evaluated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and analyzed the impact of NAFLD on AF risk in relation to body mass index (BMI). A total of 8,048,055 subjects without significant liver disease who were available fatty liver index (FLI) values were included. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups based on FLI: < 30, 30 to < 60, and ≥ 60. During a median 8-year of follow-up, 534,442 subjects were newly diagnosed as AF (8.27 per 1000 person-years). Higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.053, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.046–1.060 in 30 ≤ FLI < 60, and HR 1.115, 95% CI 1.106–1.125 in FLI ≥ 60). In underweight subjects (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), higher FLI raised the risk of AF (by 1.6-fold in 30 ≤ FLI < 60 and by twofold in FLI ≥ 60). In normal- and overweight subjects, higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF, but the HRs were attenuated. In obese subjects, higher FLI was not associated with higher risk of AF. NAFLD as assessed by FLI was independently associated with an increased risk of AF in nonobese subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. The impact of NAFLD on AF risk was accentuated in lean subjects with underweight.

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