scholarly journals Microbial Patterns and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Blood Culture Isolates of Septicemia Suspected Children in the Pediatrics Ward of a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarfraz Khan ◽  
Arslan Kareem ◽  
Kiran Fatima ◽  
Saima Rauf ◽  
Areeb Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Objectives This study aims to determine microbial patterns and antibiotic susceptibility to alert clinicians to the emerging pathogens that may pose a threat to the community, especially children. Materials and Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from July 2019 to December 2019. Two samples were taken from two different sites of each patient at the time of fever (> 100° F) to avoid chances of contamination. A blood sample of 5 to 10 mL was drawn from each site. In a 50 mL brain heart infusion broth (BHIB), 5 to 10% blood was injected in two different bottles and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. After 48 hours, subculture was done by streaking the drops of blood samples taken from BHIB on blood and MacConkey agar. Cultures were incubated in aerobic conditions at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. For testing antibiotic susceptibility, criteria defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) were followed. Microbes were identified under a microscope by observing their morphological characteristics after gram staining and applying biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using standard aseptic methods. Statistical Analysis Bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns were represented using frequencies and percentage charts. Results Out of 423 blood cultures, growth was recorded in 92 (21.75%) of the cultures with female to male ratio 2.1:1. The gram-positive bacteria accounted for 43.48% (n = 40), whereas gram-negative bacteria covered the majority 54.36% (n = 50). Among isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (42.39%) was the most common, followed by Acinetobacter spp. (17.39%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.13%). Acinetobacter spp. showed 0% susceptibility to amikacin and cefotaxime. All the isolates were 100% resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. S. aureus showed lower sensitivity for ceftazidime (0%), clindamycin (66.67%), ciprofloxacin (0%), clarithromycin (11.76%), and ceftriaxone (0%). Tigecycline showed 100% sensitivity for all isolates tested. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria form the majority of isolates in our setup, with Acinetobacter as the most common species among them. The resistance against cephalosporins, penicillin, and fluoroquinolones shown by Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Klebsiella is of grave concern. Among gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus has established resistance against multiple drugs. Limited and objective use of antibiotic therapy is a much-needed strategy under new guidelines.

scholarly journals Bacteriological spectrum of urinary, wound and respiratory infection with antibiogram of gram negative bacteria in a Bangladeshi tertiary care hospital

Mediscope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
NM Wahidur Rahman ◽  
Bushra Tanzem ◽  
Golam Nabi ◽  
Afsana Mahbub ◽  
Abu Md Mayeenuddin Al Amin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Infection remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in man, particularly in developing areas where it is associated with poverty and overcrowding. Infectious disease cause nearly 25% of all human deaths. This rate of mortality is increasing day by day due to antibiotic resistance, which is a major concern nowadays. Wound, respiratory tract and urinary tract are commonly associated with bacterial infection in both hospital and community settings. Area-specific monitoring studies aimed to gain knowledge about the type of bacterial pathogens responsible for these kinds of infections and resistance pattern of the causative agents may help clinicians to choose correct treatment regimen. So, the present study was aimed to investigate the pattern of bacteria which are responsible for Urinary tract, respiratory tract and wound infection. In addition, we also determined the antibiotic susceptibility profile of gram negative bacteria isolated from the patients who were attending both in and out patient departments at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH) during January, 2009 to December, 2009. In this cross-sectional study, out of 308 clinical samples, a total of 159 (51.62%) samples were found to be positive for bacterial culture. Among the isolates 139 (87.42%) were Gram negative bacteria (Esch. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp.) and 20 (12.57%) were Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus). Antibiotic susceptibility of gram negative bacteria showed members of the Enterobacteriaceae were 100% sensitive to imipenem while they were found variably resistance to other commonly used antibiotics. We conclude that infections in the wound, respiratory and urinary tract are caused by both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. However, the frequency of gram negative bacteria is higher than the gram positive bacteria for these infections. Gram negative bacteria showed sensitive to imipenem and most of them were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, clinicians should choose imipenem for patients who would be unresponsive to commonly used antibiotics. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 17-24

scholarly journals Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of neonatal sepsis: a study in a tertiary care hospital, in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Shirin ◽  
M. Monir Hossain ◽  
Manifa Afrin ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study was to detect causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH). Neonates diagnosed with probable sepsis were studied. After enrollment, 1 mL blood was taken and sent to Microbiology department of DSH for culture and sensitivity. With baseline characteristics, clinical examination findings and outcome, were also recorded.Results: Rate of isolation of single organism was 9.2% (84/913). Out of 84 isolates, gram negative bacteria were 77.4% with Klebsiella pneumonae being the commonest (35, 41.7%), gram positive bacteria were 11.9% with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus were equal (5, 5.95% each) and the remaining (9, 10.7%) isolated organism was Candida. Most of the isolated gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime; but gram-positive bacteria preserved 20-80% sensitivity. Klebsiella was more resistant than Acinetobacter to amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Around 45-65% of gram-negative bacteria were resistant to imipenem and meropenem but gram-positive bacteria showed lesser resistance. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were resistant to piperacillin as same as carbapenem group, but gram-positive bacteria were 100% sensitive to piperacillin. All the gram-negative bacteria showed more resistance to 4th generation cephalosporin, cefepime than carbapenem. Out of culture positive 84 neonates, 63 (75.0%) were cured but 21 (25.0%) died. Among the 21 expired neonates, 47.6% (10/21) were infected with Klebsiella.Conclusion: This study observed that gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis predominantly, with emergence of Candida. All the isolated gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were mostly resistant to available antibiotics

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of respiratory pathogens obtained at tertiary care hospital from western Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Deepak Subedi ◽  
Surya Prasad Devkota ◽  
Dharm Raj Bhatta ◽  
Binita Koirala Sharma ◽  
Ashmita Paudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Rate

The prevalence and drug resistance of the respiratory pathogens is increasing gradually in Nepal. However, their detail study is rare in the western region of Nepal. Hence, this study was carried out to know the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the respiratory pathogens obtained at a tertiary care center located at Pokhara. 139 pathogens were isolated from 460 clinical samples included. Significant pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria 94 (67.62%), followed by 28 (20.15%) Candida, and Gram-positive isolates 17 (12.23%). The growth rate was significantly higher for sputum samples in comparison to throat swabs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter were significant Gram-negative isolates while Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes were Gram-positive pathogens. Sensitivity rate was higher for colistin and imipenem among Gram-negative isolates while lower sensitivity was for cefepime. Vancomycin was effective against all tested Gram-positive isolates while erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were less effective.

scholarly journals Five-year period evaluation of isolated agents and their resistance profiles in intensive care unit patients with malignancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 918-923
Author(s):  
Duygu Mert ◽  
Selda Muslu ◽  
Alparslan Merdin ◽  
Arif Timuroğlu ◽  
Ece Dirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introduction: Patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) are usually patients who deteriorated health condition and could have longer hospital stay compared to other patients. Hospital infections are more common in ICU patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteria and treatment resistance profiles isolated from clinical specimens sent for hospital infections in ICU patients between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. Methodology: Bacteria isolated from various clinical samples sent for hospital infections in hospitalized patients in the Anesthesia and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Culture positivity was detected in 547 of the sent clinical samples. Eighty Gram-positive bacteria, 389 Gram-negative bacteria and 78 fungi infection were identified in a total of 547 positive cultures. In Gram-positive bacteria, 4 MRSA, 6 VRE and 30 MRCoNS were identified as resistant strains. In Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter spp. was the most culture positive strain with the number of 223. Carbapenem resistance was found in 258 of the Gram-negative bacteria and ESBL positivity was found in 44 of the Gram-negative bacteria strains. Conclusions: Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequently isolated strain in samples. Recently, colistin resistance has been increasing in Acinetobacter spp. and the increase in carbapenemase enzyme in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species has increased resistance to carbapenems. Knowing the microorganisms that grow in ICUs and their antibiotic resistance patterns may help to prevent contamination of resistant microorganisms by both appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment and more isolation as well as general hygiene standard precautions.

scholarly journals Sepsis: Antibiotic Resistances of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Jannah ◽  
Muhammad Vitanata Arfijanto ◽  
Musofa Rusli ◽  
Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
New Research

Introduction: Sepsis is a systemic infection that causes multiorgan failure and death. The death rate that is caused by sepsis is increasing. This high value of death has a correlation with the resistance of antibiotics. However, increased antibiotic resistance is not balanced with new research about antibiotics. As a consequence, it causes difficulties in handling sepsis patients who need antibiotic 1-2 hours after diagnosis is enforced. Methods: This was a descriptive study with case study design to analyze medical records of the patients, evaluating the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotic in 221 patients with sepsis with 240 blood isolates to identify. Results: From 221 patients identified as sepsis, there were 97 male patients (43.9%) and 124 female patients (56.1%), mostly between 18-59 years old (63.8%), with the highest level in female (54.8 %) and elderly (66.3%). The bacteria that caused the most sepsis were gram-positive. The most species in gram-positive are Staphylococcus haemolyticus (16.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), and the most species in gram-negative is Escheriichia coli (13.3%). The most sensitive antibiotics in gram-positive bacteria were Piperacillin-Tazobactam (100%), Daptomycin (99.2%), and Clindamycin (99.2%). The sensitive antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria were Amikacin (85.9%), Cefoperazone (84.6%), and Piperacillin-Tazobactam (84.1%). Conclusion: The most sensitive antibiotics in gram-positive bacteria were Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Daptomycin, and Clindamycin. The sensitive antibitics in gram-negative bacteria were Amikacin, Cefoperazone, and Piperacillin-Tazobactam. 

INCIDENCE OF DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG BACTERIAL ISOLATES OBTAINED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
A.P. More ◽  
J.D. Andhale
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Introduction: Infections caused by Gram negative bacteria is major health threat to patients in intensive care units and to patients with some comorbidity. Constant surveillance of drug-resistance among the different bacterial pathogens is important in prevention and management of infections caused by these pathogens. Such type of study also help clinicians to prescribe correct drug regimen to the patients suffering from these infections which may be primary, secondary or nosocomial, reducing the morbidity, mortality and hospitalization period. The present study is undertaken to study the drug susceptibility pattern and its incidence among the different bacterial pathogens isolated from different clinical samples obtained at Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: The samples received from different clinical units were subjected to bacteriological investigations using standard microbiological procedures. The isolated pure cultures of bacterial pathogens were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per the CLSI guidelines of 2016. The data of antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated pathogens were tabulated and prevalence of each drug resistance and multidrug resistance were determined to study the trends of drug resistance among these pathogens. Results: The incidence of infections caused by Gram negative bacteria was found to be 74.67% among all the isolates and that of Gram positive bacterial infections was found to be 25.33% respectively. Esch.coli (37.32%) was the most frequently isolated Gram negative bacterium followed by Ps. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Proteus spp.in the descending order among all the isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: The incidence of infections caused by Gram negative bacteria was higher than those caused by Gram positive bacteria. Esch.coli was the most common pathogen among the Gram negative bacterial isolates whereas Staph.aureus was the most common pathogen among all the Gram positive bacterial isolates. All the bacterial isolates showed 100% multi-drug resistance and the incidence of drug resistance to second generation penicillin and cephalosporins were found to be remarkably higher among all the bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Diabetic Foot Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lampung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Iswandi Darwis ◽  
◽  
Hidayat Hidayat ◽  
Gusti Ngurah P Pradnya Wisnu ◽  
Sekar Mentari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infection ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wound Culture

Background: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and identification of the causative bacteria is an essential step in selecting the appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial pattern and antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria causing DFI in Lampung Province in Indonesia. Methods: This study is a retrospective study reviewing the medical records of DFI patients admitted to the Dr Hi Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital in 2017–2019. DFI patients with complete medical record data were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, wound culture and antibiotic susceptibility data were collected from the medical records using a short structural chart. The data obtained then reviewed. Results: In this study, 131 DFI patients met the study criteria and were included. Based on the wound culture results, Gram-negative bacteria were obtained in 112 (85.5%) subjects with Enterobacter spp. as the predominant bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria were found in 19 (14.5%) subjects with Staphylococcus spp. as the predominant bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria found in this study showed high susceptibility to amikacin, meropenem and sulbactam/cefoperazone. Meanwhile, the Gram-positive bacteria showed high susceptibility to meropenem, sulbactam/ cefoperazone and amikacin. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed Enterobacter spp. as the most predominant bacteria causing DFI in the studied population. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was seen for amikacin, meropenem and sulbactam/cefoperazone.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

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