Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Cracked Teeth: A Comparison with Data from 10 Years Ago

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze and to compare retrospectively the characteristics, the treatment process, and the prognosis of cracked teeth by comparing recent data with data from 10 years ago. Materials and Methods Sixty-eight cracked teeth from March 2009 to June 2010 (2009 data) and 185 cracked teeth from March 2019 to June 2020 (2019 data) were analyzed. The characteristics of cracked teeth and the treatment method depending on probing depth, caries, and symptoms, and prognosis depending on pocket depth and apical lesions were analyzed using R version 3.3.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and T&F version 3.0 (YooJin BioSoft, Korea). To compare proportions, the two-sample proportion test was performed. The distribution of proportions within the samples from 2009 and 2019 data was analyzed using the Chi-square test or binomial test. A p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results Significantly fewer cracked teeth received root canal treatment before crown in 2019 than in 2009 (p = 0.032). In both 2009 and 2019, symptomatic cracked teeth and those with deep periodontal pockets (>6 mm) were significantly more likely to receive root canal treatment. In both years, cracked teeth with a probing depth less than 6 mm or without an apical lesion were significantly more likely to be asymptomatic at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups (p < 0.001). Conclusion Cracked teeth with a deep periodontal pocket or symptoms had a higher likelihood of endodontic treatment, and the presence of a deep periodontal pocket or apical lesion was associated with a higher risk of persistent symptoms. Therefore, clinicians should consider these factors when planning treatment and predicting patients’ prognosis.

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Gender differences in patients who underwent root canal treatment in anterior teeth after trauma

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 609-613

Author(s):

Reshmi B ◽

Bhagyalakshmi T ◽

Arvind S

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Anterior Tooth ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Spss Software ◽

And Gender

Anterior tooth fractures are more commonly found in younger patients than in adults. Kids in school accidentally fall and break their anterior tooth. It not only has an impact on aesthetics but physiological disturbances due to their friends. The aim of this study is to assess the gender difference in patients who underwent root canal treatment in anterior teeth after trauma. The data was collected from the dental information archiving software of saveetha dental college, from June 2019 to March 2020. The parameters collected were age, gender, a tooth which had undergone trauma. The data was collected and tabulated in the excel sheet and was transferred to the SPSS software by IBM for statistical analysis like chi-square test between trauma teeth and age and gender and traumatized tooth. This study reveals that males had a higher incidence of fracture than females and they belonged to the age group of 2-4 years with a P-value of 0.213 >0.05 (statistically insignificant). This study concludes that male children are more prone for anterior tooth fracture than the female children, and they must be educated on the importance of teeth and safety during sporting or any other physical activities.

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Comparing the effect of Placebo and Prophylactic Antibiotics on asymptomatic Necrotic teeth.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.3563 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2162-2168

Author(s):

Muhammad Qasim ◽

Omair Anjum ◽

Omer Yousaf ◽

Shoaib Khan ◽

Madiha Pirvani

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Operative Dentistry ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Test Of Significance ◽

And Control

Objectives: Treatment of asymptomatic necrotic teeth is a common type of occurrence in endodontic practice. Root canal treatment of these teeth sometimes results in pain and /or swelling of varying degree. These severe symptoms upset both the patient and dentist. This study was to compare the effect of prophylactic amoxicillin and placebo in endodontic flare-up in asymptomatic necrotic teeth requiring root canal treatment. This was evaluated by using flare-up index. The influence of age, sex, was compared between flare-up and non-flare-up groups. Using a standardized technique and the same materials eliminated the variability of operator. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Setting: Department of Operative Dentistry, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. Period: From January 2018 to December 2018. Material & Methods: 102 patients with asymptomatic necrotic teeth with periapical radiolucency were selected from the Operative Dentistry Department of Lahore Medical and Dental College. Patients were divided into two groups experimental and control, by convenient sampling. One half of the patients were given prophylactic amoxicillin and other half was given placebo one hour before treatment. Results: Flare-up occurred in four of the experimental and seven of the control group patients. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between flare-up and non- flare- up patients for age and sex. The data outcome was of qualitative in nature i.e. pain and swelling, they were subjected to Chi-Square test of significance with P value of £0.05. The results demonstrated that 10.8% of the 102 patients had a flare-up. No side effects were observed in the patients who were prescribed amoxicillin. Conclusion: The occurrence of flare-up did not significantly influence by Prophylactic amoxicillin (P= .33).

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Social determinants of telemedicine utilization in ambulatory cardiovascular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

European Heart Journal - Digital Health ◽

10.1093/ehjdh/ztab039 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kemar J Brown ◽

Njambi Mathenge ◽

Daniela Crousillat ◽

Jaclyn Pagliaro ◽

Connor Grady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

The Elderly ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cardiovascular Patients ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Cardiovascular Care ◽

Zip Code ◽

Hispanic White

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the rapid uptake of telemedicine (TM) for routine cardiovascular care. Objectives To examine the predictors of TM utilization among ambulatory cardiology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this single centre retrospective study, all ambulatory cardiovascular encounters occurring between March 16th - June 19th, 2020 were assessed. Baseline characteristics by visit type (in-person, TM-phone, TM-video) were compared using Chi-square and student t-tests, with statistical significance defined by p value < 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of TM versus in-person care. Results 8446 patients (86% Non-Hispanic White, 42% female, median age 66.8 +/- 15.2 years) completed an ambulatory cardiovascular visit during the study period. TM-phone (n = 4,981, 61.5%) was the primary mode of ambulatory care followed by TM-video (n = 2693, 33.2%). Non-Hispanic Black race (OR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35 - 0.94, p-value=0.02), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.98, p = 0.04), public insurance (Medicaid OR 0.50; 95% CI:0.32 – 0.79, p = 0.003, Medicare OR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47– 0.89, p = 0.009), zip-code linked median household income (MHI) of <$75,000, age >85 years, and patients with a diagnosis of heart failure were associated with reduced access to TM-video encounters and a higher likelihood of in-person care. Conclusions Significant disparities in TM-video access for ambulatory cardiovascular care exist among the elderly, lower income, as well as Black and Hispanic racial/ethnic groups.

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Influence of Surgical Flap Design (Envelope and Szmyd) for Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars on Clinical Periodontal Parameters: A Clinical Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4465

Author(s):

Muhtada Ahmad ◽

Zafar Ali Khan ◽

Tahir Ullah Khan ◽

Montaser N. Alqutub ◽

Sameer A. Mokeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Third Molar ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Third Molars ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Exact Test ◽

Second Molar ◽

Third Molar Extraction ◽

Flap Design

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of flap designs (Envelope flap (EF) and Szmyd flap (SF)) for impacted mandibular third molar extraction, on periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bone levels (BL) of second molar. Sixty patients indicated for third molar extractions with healthy second molars were allocated into two groups: EF and SF (n = 30). Third molars were assessed for angulation, root patterns, depth of impactions and relation with ramus (Pell and Gregory classification). Extraction of third molars was performed and PPD, CAL and BL around second molars at 0, 3 and 6 month (mon) follow-ups (FU) were assessed clinically and radiographically. ANOVA, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were employed to compare periodontal factors between EF and SF groups, considering p ≤ 0.05 as significant. Sixty participants with a mean age of 23.22 ± 3.17 were included in the study. Based on angulation, the most common impaction in the EF and SF groups was mesio-angular (EF, 50%; SF, 36.7%). Buccal and distal PPD showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in both EF and SF patients from baseline to 6 mon. EF patients showed significantly higher distal and buccal CAL (6.67 ± 0.18 mm; 6.91 ± 0.17 mm) and BL (7.64 ± 0.16 mm; 7.90 ± 0.15 mm) as compared to SF patients (CAL, 6.76 ± 0.26 mm; 6.91 ± 0.17 mm-BL, 7.42 ± 0.38 mm; 7.34 ± 0.34 mm) at 6 mon FU. SF showed better soft tissue attachment (PPD and CAL) and bone stability (less bone loss) around second molars compared to EF after third molar extractions regardless of the patient, tooth and operator factors.

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Evaluation of Quality of Root Canal Obturation, Coronal Restoration and Periapical Health in Failed Endodontically Treated Teeth

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/whtj7349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 54-59

Author(s):

Syed Adeel Ahmed ◽

Safia Anwar ◽

Imtiaz ul Haq

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

P Value ◽

Periapical Lesion ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total N ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Tabulation

Objective: To investigate the implication of quality of obturation and coronal restoration on periapical tissue in failed endodontically treated teeth. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional research was performed in the Operative Department of BUMDC on 187 patients reporting with root canal failure from March 2019 to August 2019. Methodology: Patients of both genders aged between 20-60 years were considered for this study. Single and multirooted teeth indicated for repeated endodontic treatment due to under filled, overfilled obturation, voids in obturation, absence and presence of coronal restoration were included. One operator carried out clinical examination of the teeth and periapical radiograph was taken for each patient by using E-Speed film and evaluated by the same operator using an illuminated viewer box. SPSS 17 for windows software was used for data entering and chi- square test was applied for statistical calculation of the outcomes. Results: Total n=187 endodontic treated failed teeth were evaluated, out of which 52.9% were of females and 47.1% to males. The number of obturations with acceptable length were 81(43.3%), with adequate density were 107 (57.2%) and with consistent taper were 116(62%). Periapical lesion was observed in 118(63.1%) cases. Quality of obturation significantly affects the periapical health. Cross tabulation showed a significant association (p-value <0.000) between inadequate coronal restoration and changes in periapical area. Conclusion: The successful prognosis of the root canal treatment relies on the good quality of obturation and adequate coronal filling.

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Gloves Perforations in Minor Oral Surgical Procedures: A Comparison of Latex and Nitrile Gloves

Journal of The Pakistan Dental Association ◽

10.25301/jpda.302.103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (02) ◽

pp. 103-106

Author(s):

Ajeet Kumar ◽

◽

Naveed Iqbal ◽

Javaria Farooq ◽

Saad Uddin Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Local Anesthesia ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oral Surgical Procedures ◽

Latex Gloves ◽

Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare incidence of perforations in Latex and Nitrile examination gloves during Minor Oral surgical procedures performed under local anesthesia. METHODOLOGY: 100 pairs of latex and 100 pairs of Nitrile examination gloves where used to perform 200 minor oral surgical procedures under local anesthesia. After completion of every minor oral surgical procedure each gloves was examined by Water Inflation method to observe presence or absence of Perforations. A data sheet was used to collect data including type of Gloves used (Latex or Nitrile) presence of perforations, sites of perforations and nature of minor oral surgical procedures. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis was conducted to calculate frequency and percentages of Number and sites of perforations for both Nitrile and latex examination gloves. Chi Square test was used to find out statistical significance of difference of perforations rate between Nitrile and Latex gloves. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Out of 200 latex gloves 23 (11.5) had 29 perforations whereas out of total 200 Nitrile gloves 28 (14%) had 22 perforations. Nitrile gloves had a statistically significant higher rate of perforations as compared to Latex gloves. (P value 0.043). For both Nitrile and Latex gloves left non dominant hand had highest frequency of perforations Latex 18 (81.81%) perforations and Nitrile 18(62.06%). Index finger and thumb were most frequent sites of perforations in both Latex and Nitrile gloves. CONCLUSION: Gloves perforations were more common in Nitrile examination gloves however total number of perforations was more in Latex examination gloves.

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ULTRASOUND PREDICTABILITY OF LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT CESAREAN SECTION SCAR THICKNESS

10.36106/ijsr/3520656 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Madhu Kumari ◽

Kumari Bibha ◽

Abha Sinha ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Medical College ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Uterine Scar ◽

Age Range ◽

The Given

Objective: The objective of this study is to find out association between scar thickness, assessed sonographically, and intraoperative findings (IOF). Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar from June 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: A total of 70 pregnant patients were included in this study. Transabdominal ultrasound was done for scarred uteri. Sonographic findings were co-related with introperative findings. All the given data were entered on SPSS version 23. Age was expressed as mean ± SD. Parity, gestational age, and interval between cesarean sections were expressed as frequencies with percentages. Statistical analysis was done by using Chi-square test for categorical data for association between sonographic scar thickness and intraoperative findings. The statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The age range of the patients was 20- 36 years with a mean of 27.91 ±3.690 years. Gestational age at the time of cesarean section was between 27-40 weeks of gestation with a mean of 37 ±2.126 weeks. The interval from previous cesarean was 10 months at the minimum, and 6 years at the maximum with a mean of 2.29 ±1.0 months. Mean scar thickness was 2.5 mm. Association between scar thickness (<1-3 mm) and intaoperative findings of dehiscence and rupture showed a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Sonographic assessment of a uterine scar has a practical application to determine the thickness of previous scar, and assess its integrity.

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Incidences of Root Microcracks Caused by Hand and Rotary File System at Different Lengths

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0309.12004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 283-289

Author(s):

Shuchi Sukul ◽

Goldy Rathee ◽

Parimal Anand ◽

Sakshi Kataria ◽

Pratibha Taneja

Keyword(s):

File System ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

File Systems ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Surface ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group B

OBJECTIVES: The present research was conducted to assess incidences of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths MATERIAL AND METHODS: This in-vitro study was undertaken to assess incidence of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths In total, 100 the mandibular premolar with straight roots determined with intact, fully formed apices were taken. Samples were randomly distributed into 5 groups based on the file system used: a) Group A: Control, b) Group B: Reciproc, c) Group C: WaveOne, d) Group D: One Shape and e) Group E: ProTaper. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the differences between groups. The dentinal defects were expressed as percentage of samples with microcracks in each group. Level of statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: The chi square test was used to compare the Distribution of the number of teeth in which cracks were observed on the horizontal sections. It was found to be significant with group ProTaper showing maximum cracks at 3,6,9 mm level as compared to other file systemCONCLUSION: Nickel-titanium instruments causes cracks on the apical root surface or in the root canal wall. ProTaper causes maximum dentinal cracks as compared to other file systems

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Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes in Spontaneously-Conceived Twin Pregnancies According to Mode of Delivery

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.62.e49276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 468-476

Author(s):

Samantha Mc Kenzie Stancu ◽

Manuela Cristina Russu

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

P Value ◽

Maternal Outcomes ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Nicu Admission ◽

Twin Pregnancies

Introduction: Appropriate intrapartum conduct in a twin delivery remains a challenging aspect of obstetric practice. The objective of this study was to compare neonatal and maternal outcomes in twin pregnancies according to mode of delivery.  Materials and methods: This is a single centre retrospective cohort study of all consecutive spontaneously-conceived twin deliver-ies (≥ 24 weeks, estimated fetal weight ≥ 500 grams) over a nine-year period between 01/01/2007 - 31/12/2016 at a tertiary-level centre. Neonatal outcomes included survival, APGAR score, prematurity-associated pathology (PAP), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and length of stay (LOS). Maternal outcomes included postpartum complications and LOS. Statistical analysis comprised Chi-square test with subsequent p-value and odds-ratio with 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 173 consecutive women with spontaneously-conceived twin deliveries were enrolled in this study, 129 (74.6%) women delivered by caesarean section (CS). The success rate of vaginal delivery (VD) was 93.6% (44/47). A strong statistical correlation was identified between CS and NICU admission; 53.2% vs. 1.5% (p=0.0001). Neonatal LOS in the NICU was significantly longer in the CS group. Prematurity-associated pathology (PAP) was noted in 75 pairs of twins (75/173); 61 pairs were delivered by CS, bearing strong statistical significance (p<0.0001). Postpartum complications occurred in 14.7% of CS compared to 13.6% of VDs.  Conclusion: Neonates delivered by CS had a higher rate of PAP, NICU admission, lower birth weight and longer LOS. This study showed that VD is safe, especially when the first twin is in cephalic presentation

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Estado nutricional e desfechos clínicos em pacientes críticos internados em hospital universitário

Abr-Jun - Braspen Journal ◽

10.37111/braspenj.2019344009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 361-366

Author(s):

Edcleide Oliveira dos Santos Olinto ◽

Gina Araújo Martins Feitosa ◽

Izaura Odir Lima Gomes da Costa ◽

Janine Maciel Barbosa ◽

Ericka Vilar Bôtto Targino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

The Body ◽

University Hospital ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Length Of Hospitalization

Introduction: There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and increased length of hospitalization and morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that malnourished patients can have up to twenty times more complications than eutrophic ones. In critically ill patients, there is a tendency to catabolism, resulting in the loss of lean body mass, which when it reaches 40% is usually lethal. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted on adults from both genders, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, from March to December 2018. The following variables were collected from the evaluation and nutritional records: length of hospitalization in the ICU, date of discharge or death, nutritional risk through specific screening, height, weight and arm circumference (AC). For the screening, the Nutric score was used. For the nutritional evaluation, the body mass index (BMI) and AC indicators and the classifications recommended by the World Health Organization (2004) and Blackburn and Thornton (1979) were used. After collecting the data, they were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 and for the association of the variables the Chi-square test was used, considering statistical difference when the p value <0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 116 patients, mostly female (53.4%) whose median age was 46 years (interquartile range IQR 31-53). Regarding the frequency of nutritional risk, most patients (61.5%) had a low score. There was an important frequency of malnutrition, according to the AC indicator (73%), although BMI (43.5%) showed eutrophy. Even though most patients had low nutritional risk, those with high nutritional risk (38.5%) had a higher tendency to mortality, however, not statistically confirmed (p> 0.05). There was also a tendency of association between death and malnutrition, although no statistical significance was shown(p> 0.05). Conclusion: Patients at nutritional risk and/or malnutrition appear to be vulnerable to worse clinical outcomes.

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