COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 839-858
Author(s):  
Anna Stainer ◽  
Francesco Amati ◽  
Giulia Suigo ◽  
Edoardo Simonetta ◽  
Andrea Gramegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Present Systematic Review

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified as a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, Hubei province, central China, in December 2019, and is responsible for the 2019-to-present pandemic. According to the most recent data released by the World Health Organization, more than 200 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 so far, and more than 4 million people died worldwide. Although our knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is constantly growing, data on COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients are still limited. The aim of the present systematic review is to describe clinical picture, disease severity, proposed treatment regimen, and response to vaccination in patients with different types and severity of immunosuppression.

scholarly journals A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Quan Zhuang ◽  
Linyong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 19 May 2020, a total of 4,731,458 individuals were reported as infected with SARS-CoV-2 among 213 countries, areas or territories with recorded cases, and the overall case-fatality rate was 6.6% (316,169 deaths among 4,731,458 recorded cases), according to the World Health Organization. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is notably similar to (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) SARS-CoV that emerged in 2002–2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that spread during 2012, and these viruses all contributed to global pandemics. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly spread a pneumonia-like disease from Hubei Province, China, throughout the world has provoked widespread concern. The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and lower respiratory signs. At present, nucleic acid tests are widely recommended as the optimal method for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, obstacles remain, including the global shortage of testing kits and the presentation of false negatives. Experts suggest that almost everyone in China is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to date, there are no effective treatments. In light of the references published, this review demonstrates the biological features, spread, diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 as a whole and aims to analyse the similarities and differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to provide new ideas and suggestions for prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Venous Thromboembolism and Its Association with COVID-19: Still an Open Debate

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Di Micco ◽  
Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Corrado Lodigiani
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Debate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis

Asreported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the causative virus of new viral pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020. The virus was named COVID-19 and because of its ability to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (i.e., SARS) this infection has also been defined as SARS-CoV2.Furthermore, an association between COVID-19 infection and venous thromboembolism has been reported in several series around the world.For this reason, methods used to improve diagnostic tools, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and type of anticoagulants are discussed in this expert opinion.

scholarly journals SARS update 11 April - Compelling evidence for aetiology, WHO team report from China, global epidemiology, and EU index and guidance

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
World Health ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Several articles on the identification of a novel coronavirus thought to have a role in causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have been given early online publication this week (1-5), and the World Health Organization (WHO) has published an interim report from the WHO team of experts currently investigating the outbreak in China (7).

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mimicking Acute Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Jaeseok Park ◽  
Jaekwon Jung ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Changkeun Park ◽  
Daejin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On 11 February, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that COVID-19 was a novel coronavirus disease first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The complete clinical picture is not fully known. Illness ranges from mild to fatal. The common symptoms include fever, cough, and dyspnea usually developing 2-14 days after exposure. However, diarrhea was present in a few patients with COVID-19. We report a case of COVID-19 mimicking acute colitis.

scholarly journals Oral medicine, oral pathology and coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e200001
Author(s):  
Hercílio Martelli-Júnior ◽  
Renato Assis Machado ◽  
Daniella R. Barbosa Martelli ◽  
Ricardo Della Coletta
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In late December 2019, a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases was diagnosed in Wuhan, China, and few days later, the causative agent of this mysterious pneumonia was identified as a novel coronavirus. This causative virus has been temporarily named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the relevant infected disease has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization respectively. The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading in China and all over the world now...

scholarly journals Online dashboard and data analysis approach for assessing COVID-19 case and death data

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Florez ◽  
Sweta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Death Data

The 2019-2020 global pandemic has been caused by a disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease has been caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). By April 30 2020, the World Health Organization reported 3,096,626 cases and 217,896 deaths, which implies an exponential growth for infection and deaths worldwide. Currently, there are various computer-based approaches that present COVID-19 data through different types of charts, which is very useful to recognise its behavior and trends. Nevertheless, such approaches do not allow for observation of any projection regarding confirmed cases and deaths, which would be useful to understand the trends of COVID-19. In this work, we have designed and developed an online dashboard that presents actual information about COVID-19. Furthermore, based on this information, we have designed a mathematical model in order to make projections about the evolution of cases and deaths worldwide and by country.

scholarly journals Recent Discovery and Development on SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Current Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Deepak Bamola ◽  
Rama Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Origin and spread of current novel coronavirus raised serious concerns among stakeholders around the globe. Different speculations which may unfold the mystery in the future are taking roots, but now there is no globally acceptable opinion about the origin and spread of this novel coronavirus. It is reported that Wuhan city of Hubei Province of central China was the epicenter of this outbreak of novel coronavirus. However, initial inadequate preventive measures allowed the infection to cross the borders of China and that pull the world into a drastic public health and economic crisis. This novel coronavirus disease now named as COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO) and the responsible coronavirus is named as ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 is alarming even after five months of inception and WHO further warns the world to be prepared for more intense spread of COVID-19. Different diagnostic tools to detect SARS-CoV-2 are being used around the globe, but the identification of asymptomatic carriers of the disease is a serious challenge in countering the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no specific treatment available, only preventive, symptomatic and supportive treatments are being used for clinical management of COVID-19. The available knowledge is limited therefore any escalation of information on the disease will help to combat with this global challenge of COVID-19. In this review, we have discussed and summarized the available multi-factorial information and recent updates on the SARS-CoV-2 which can support future research and may help in the strategic management of currentCOVID-19 pandemic. The articles available online before 30 April 2020 on bioRxiv, medRxiv, ChemRxiv, Google scholar and PubMed have been assessed for compilation of this review. Information on the official portal of WHO, CDC, ICMR etc were also assessed and used with due credit.

COVID-19 Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 957-957
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Conlon ◽  
John D. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Wet Market ◽  
The City

A novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2), first appeared in the city of Wuhan in Central China in December 2019. Initial cases appeared to be centred on a so-called wet market, but the outbreak spread rapidly. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a Pandemic Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January, 2020. At the time of writing, there have been over 11 million cases globally and more than 500,000 deaths.

scholarly journals Impact of COSARS-Cov-2 on Cardio-Pulmonary-Immune Signatures: A Review of Recent Developments with a Look toward the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Charan Kudumula
Keyword(s):  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Immune Signatures ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, the first case of patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China. SARS-CoV-2 causes CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19 or nCoV-19) disease, which rapidly spread all over the world. In response to this serious situation, on 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. In mid-March 2020, WHO declared nCoV-19 a pandemic. By the end of September 2020, there were ~33.67 million confirmed cases and ~10.08 lakh deaths worldwide and the trend rising on each passing day. SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the pulmonary system, but cause damage to other organs such as heart, kidney and intestine. Understanding the cardio-pulmonary issues underpinning of nCOV-19 pathogenesis is key to managing outcomes and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease inhibitor TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Alveolar cells and cardiomyocytes express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of nCOV-19 pandemic from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, focusing on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardio-pulmonary-immune signatures. The study provides crucial insights into the first step of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potential targets for antiviral intervention.

scholarly journals Principles of Care for Patients with Liver Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Position Statement of the Saudi Association for the Study of Liver Disease and Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh A. Alqahtani ◽  
Abdulrahman A. Aljumah ◽  
Almoutaz Hashim ◽  
Thamer H. Alenazi ◽  
Mohammed AlJawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Regular Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in patients in Wuhan, China. The virus, subsequently named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, spread worldwide and the disease (coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Older adults and individuals with comorbidities have been reported as being more vulnerable to COVID-19. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have compromised immune function due to cirrhosis and are more susceptible to infection. However, it is unclear if patients with CLD are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and its complications than other populations. The high number of severe cases of COVID-19 has placed an unusual burden on health systems, compromising their capacity to provide the regular care that patients with CLD require. Hence, it is incredibly crucial at this juncture to provide a set of interim recommendations on the management of patients with CLD during the current COVID-19 outbreak.

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