scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of Female Hormones During Infection by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 940-948
Author(s):  
David Balbino Pascoal ◽  
Isabela Macêdo de Araujo ◽  
Lorenna Peixoto Lopes ◽  
Cristiane Monteiro da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Auxiliary Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

AbstractWomen have metabolic, immunological, and genetic variables that ensure more protection from coronavirus infection. However, the indication of treatment for several pathologies and contraception is determined by hormones that have adverse effects and raise doubts about their use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study searches women specificities and the relation between female sexual hormones and COVID-19, and reports the main recommendations in this background. To this end, a review of the literature was conducted in the main databases, auxiliary data sources, and official websites. Therefore, considering the hypercoagulability status of COVID-19, the debate about the use of contraceptives due to the relative risk of thromboembolic effects that they impose arises. However, the current available evidence, as well as the recommendations of main health organs around the world, demonstrate that the use of hormonal contraceptives must be maintained during the pandemic.

scholarly journals A Large-Scale COVID-19 Twitter Chatter Dataset for Open Scientific Research—An International Collaboration

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Juan M. Banda ◽  
Ramya Tekumalla ◽  
Guanyu Wang ◽  
Jingyuan Yu ◽  
Tuo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, an unprecedented amount of open data is being generated for medical, genetics, and epidemiological research. The unparalleled rate at which many research groups around the world are releasing data and publications on the ongoing pandemic is allowing other scientists to learn from local experiences and data generated on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a need to integrate additional data sources that map and measure the role of social dynamics of such a unique worldwide event in biomedical, biological, and epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, we present a large-scale curated dataset of over 1.12 billion tweets, growing daily, related to COVID-19 chatter generated from 1 January 2020 to 27 June 2021 at the time of writing. This data source provides a freely available additional data source for researchers worldwide to conduct a wide and diverse number of research projects, such as epidemiological analyses, emotional and mental responses to social distancing measures, the identification of sources of misinformation, stratified measurement of sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time, among many others.

The Economics of Decentralization: A Review of the Literature and the Case of Education Provision*

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Roberta Gatti
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Incentive Mechanisms ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons

Abstract This paper reviews the economic rationale for and against decentralization with particular attention to the organization and delivery of education. The paper frames the overview within the standard efficiency-equity trade off and highlights the increasingly important role of incentive mechanisms, accountability, and citizens' participation. The discussion then turns to the issues that are specific to decentralizing education, including the pros and cons of financing schools from local taxes, and a taxonomy and description of institutional arrangements around the world. A brief review of evaluation studies of decentralization reforms in education concludes the paper.

scholarly journals On the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Born ◽  
David Beymer ◽  
Deepta Rajan ◽  
Adam Coy ◽  
Vandana V. Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dataset Size ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Keyword Searches

AbstractPurposeThe global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of numerous digital technologies in medicine from telemedicine to remote monitoring. Concurrently, the pandemic has resulted in huge pressures on healthcare systems. Medical imaging from chest radiographs to computed tomography and ultrasound of the thorax have played an important role in the diagnosis and management of the coronavirus infection.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of the literature focused on MI in COVID-19 and the utility of AI. Keyword searches were performed on PubMed and preprint servers including arXiv, bioRxiv and medRxiv; 338 papers were included in a meta-analysis and manually reviewed to assess solutions in AI according to their clinical relevance. The maturity of the papers was evaluated based on four criteria: peer-review, patient dataset size, algorithmic complexity and usage of the AI in clinical practice.ResultsIn the first three quarters of 2020, we identified 3444 papers on MI in COVID-19, of which 556 had at least some focus on AI. 2039 of 3444 were specific to imaging modalities and predominantly (80.7%) focused on CT (9.9% on LUS and 9.5% on CXR). The AI literature was predominantly focused on CXR (51.2%), 36.1% on CT and 1.8% on LUS. Only a small portion of the papers were judged as mature (3.8%) and most AI papers focused on disease detection (72.8%).ConclusionsThis review evidences a disparity between clinicians and the AI community, both in the focus on imaging modalities and performed tasks. Better collaboration is needed to allocate resources optimally for the development of clinically relevant solutions that are validated on large-scale patient data.Clinical implicationsAI may aid clinicians and radiologists by providing better tools for localization and quantification of disease features and changes thereof, and, with integration of clinical data, may provide better diagnostic performance and prognostic value.

Telemedicine in Russia: experience of understanding in legal doctrine and formation of legal regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11-1) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Amina Garaeva ◽  
Maksim Zaloilo ◽  
Ilia Poleshchuk ◽  
Nataliya Vlasova ◽  
Elena Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The article examines the main historical stages of the development of legal regulation of telemedicine in Russia, analyzes legislative and other initiatives in this area that took place since the understanding of the need to legalize electronic medicine long before the adoption of specialized legislation. The use of historical experience contributes to a deeper understanding of the specifics of legal regulation of medical care provided with the use of telemedicine technologies, allows to build legal forecasts of its improvement. In the context of the ongoing pandemic of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection, which has affected all countries of the world, the role of telemedicine technologies in the provision of medical care is increasing. That situation actualizes relevant scientific research both in the field of natural sciences and in the historical and legal sphere.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus–Related Malignancies in the Setting of Posttransplantation Immunosuppression

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N. Stiebing ◽  
Flavia G. Rosado ◽  
Jeffrey A. Vos
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Virus Subtype

Context.— The use of immunosuppression to avoid allograft rejection within the host creates the opportunity for unchecked development of malignancy in the posttransplantation setting. These malignancies frequently show association with human papillomavirus. Within this specific patient population, understanding the oncogenic role of this virus is vital for prompt recognition and treatment of malignancy and precursor lesions as well as the institution of appropriate preventive measures. Objective.— To review the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignancies and their precursor lesions in the posttransplantation setting. Data Sources.— The study comprised a review of the literature. Conclusions.— The development of human papillomavirus–related malignancies in transplantation patients is dependent on several factors, such as virus subtype, length of immunosuppression, and type of immunosuppressive therapy. Malignancies within these patients differ from those in the general population in terms of pathogenesis, frequency, and recurrence rate, and therefore require further understanding to allow for optimal surveillance and clinical management.

Understanding Social Dynamics Online

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Nicole Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Exciting Time

The last two decades have witnessed dramatic advancements in technologies that support human social practices. The chapters in this section focus on the role of person-centered networks as they are articulated, reinforced, and shaped by social media and other online communication technologies. By combining new data sources and existing social theory, the authors of these chapters offer fresh perspectives and articulate promising future pathways for research exploring the intersections among social networks, social capital, and social interactions. As these chapters illustrate, this is an exciting time for scholars who want to design and build technical interventions that will make a difference in the world, for those who welcome the insights afforded by new sources of data, and for those who are eager to re-engage with established theories in productive ways.

scholarly journals Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana H. A. Morais ◽  
Thais S. Passos ◽  
Bruna L. L. Maciel ◽  
Juliana K. da Silva-Maia
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Lactobacillus Gasseri ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus worldwide has led the World Health Organization to declare a COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is no cure or treatment for this virus, it is emergingly urgent to find effective and validated methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection. In this context, alternatives related to nutritional therapy might help to control the infection. This narrative review proposes the importance and role of probiotics and diet as adjunct alternatives among the therapies available for the treatment of this new coronavirus. This review discusses the relationship between intestinal purine metabolism and the use of Lactobacillus gasseri and low-purine diets, particularly in individuals with hyperuricemia, as adjuvant nutritional therapies to improve the immune system and weaken viral replication, assisting in the treatment of COVID-19. These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.

The Role of Bots in the Disinformation Process in Brazilian Politics between 2014 and 2018

Libri ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Célio Santana ◽  
Amanda Nunes ◽  
Fabio Silva
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Ideological Polarization ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Multiple Case Studies ◽  
Brazilian Politics

Abstract This paper presents the participation of bots in the process of disinformation in the Brazilian political/electoral scenario between 2014 and 2018. The justification for this research was the growth of ideological polarization and the emergence of hate speech linked to political positioning that culminated in a massive campaign of disinformation, evidenced by fake news and other forms of manipulation. In this research multiple case studies were used referring to three moments: the 2014 elections, the 2016 impeachment and the 2018 election. We found studies investigating these events, and they were used as data sources for analysis of the conjuncture and the interpretation of these facts in a chronological perspective pointed toward the role of bots and the results of such actions. It has been observed that the use of bots has occurred since 2014; however, they were only engaged in propagating false content from 2015. The automation of the messages was sophisticated between 2014 and 2018, when bots ceased to be players who replicated posts indiscriminately (spam) to become users’ catalysts with the intention of creating or expanding new bubbles of disinformation. Finally, we observed that the same botnet active in Brazil was also involved in electoral processes around the world, making Brazil simply one more piece in this grand network of disinformation where who is involved and what their purpose might be is not known.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

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