Solute and Water Transport Pathways in Cholangiocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Marinelli ◽  
Nicholas Larusso
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport Pathways

Verticillium wilt of chrysanthemum: quantitative relationship between increased stomatal resistance and local vascular dysfunction preceding wilt

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. MacHardy ◽  
Lloyd V. Busch ◽  
Robert Hall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

The relationship between the development of water stress and foliar symptom expression within chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cuttings infected with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. was examined using relative water content (RWC), diffusive resistance to water vapor loss (stomatal resistance), and dye distribution along water-transport pathways as indicators of water stress. The RWC remained at a normal level until symptoms appeared, but stomatal resistance increased beginning about 8 days before symptoms. Dye movement along xylem elements was uniform within uninoculated checks and also within infected plants until stomatal resistances increased. Veinal dye distribution was incomplete within tissue exhibiting increased stomatal resistances, and the extent of dye interruption was closely aligned to the magnitude of resistance increase. Apparently, stomatal closure effectively prevented tissue desiccation under conditions of high, localized internal water stress, but this mechanism could not prevent tissue from becoming flaccid or wilted when water transport became so limited that water was deficient even within the large veins.

scholarly journals Holocene evolution of the North Atlantic subsurface transport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Repschläger ◽  
Dieter Garbe-Schönberg ◽  
Mara Weinelt ◽  
Ralph Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Subsurface Transport ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
The North ◽  
Warm Surface Water ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract. Previous studies suggested that short term freshening events in the subpolar gyre can be counterbalanced by interactions with the subtropical gyre and thus stabilize the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, little is known about the intergyre transport pathways. Here, we reconstruct surface and subsurface transport between the subtropical and polar North Atlantic during the last 10000 years, by combining new temperature and salinity reconstructions obtained from surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera with published data from the tropical and subpolar North Atlantic and published foraminiferal abundance data from the subtropical North Atlantic. These observations imply an overall stable warm surface water transport. Subsurface warm water transport started at about 8 ka with subtropical heat storage, and reached its full strength at about 7 ka, probably associated with the onset of the modern AMOC mode. Comparison of different potential forcing mechanisms suggests a freshwater control on these ocean transport changes.

Radiation inactivation studies of renal brush border water and urea transport

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. F806-F812
Author(s):  
A. S. Verkman ◽  
J. A. Dix ◽  
J. L. Seifter ◽  
K. L. Skorecki ◽  
C. Y. Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Urea Transport ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Radiation Inactivation ◽  
Osmotic Water

Radiation inactivation was used to determine the nature and molecular weight of water and urea transport pathways in brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from rabbit renal cortex. BBMV were frozen to -50 degrees C, irradiated with 1.5 MeV electrons, thawed, and assayed for transport or enzyme activity. The freezing process had no effect on enzyme or transport kinetics. BBMV alkaline phosphatase activity gave linear ln(activity) vs. radiation dose plots with a target size of 68 +/- 3 kDa, similar to previously reported values. Water and solute transport were measured using the stopped-flow light-scattering technique. The rates of acetamide and osmotic water transport did not depend on radiation dose (0-7 Mrad), suggesting that transport of these substances does not require a protein carrier. In contrast, urea and thiourea transport gave linear ln(activity) vs. dose curves with a target size of 125-150 kDa; 400 mM urea inhibited thiourea flux by -50% at 0 and 4.7 Mrad, showing that radiation does not affect inhibitor binding to surviving transporters. These studies suggest that BBMV urea transport requires a membrane protein, whereas osmotic water transport does not.

Water transport pathways influence the propagation of field‐scale NO 3 ‐ ‐N reductions to the watershed scale

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia L. Grose ◽  
Shannon L. Speir ◽  
Audrey N. Thellman ◽  
Martha M. Dee ◽  
Jennifer L. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Transport Pathways

scholarly journals VISUALIZATION OF WATER TRANSPORT PATHWAYS IN PLANTS USING DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco L. H. Gruwel ◽  
Peter Latta ◽  
Uta Sboto-Frankenstein ◽  
Patricia Gervai
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Transport Pathways

scholarly journals Holocene evolution of the North Atlantic subsurface transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Repschläger ◽  
Dieter Garbe-Schönberg ◽  
Mara Weinelt ◽  
Ralph Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Subsurface Transport ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
The North ◽  
Warm Surface Water ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract. Previous studies suggested that short-term freshening events in the subpolar gyre can be counterbalanced by advection of saline waters from the subtropical gyre and thus stabilize the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, little is known about the inter-gyre transport pathways. Here, we infer changes in surface and subsurface transport between the subtropical and polar North Atlantic during the last 11 000 years, by combining new temperature and salinity reconstructions obtained from combined δ18O and Mg ∕ Ca measurements on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera with published foraminiferal abundance data from the subtropical North Atlantic, and with salinity and temperature data from the tropical and subpolar North Atlantic. This compilation implies an overall stable subtropical warm surface water transport since 10 ka BP. In contrast, subsurface warm water transport started at about 8 ka but still with subsurface heat storage in the subtropical gyre. The full strength of intergyre exchange was probably reached only after the onset of northward transport of warm saline subsurface waters at about 7 ka BP, associated with the onset of the modern AMOC mode. A critical evaluation of different potential forcing mechanisms leads to the assumption that freshwater supply from the Laurentide Ice Sheet was the main control on subtropical to subpolar ocean transport at surface and subsurface levels.

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