From Dialectics of Nature to STS: The Historical Evolution of Science Studies in China

2016 ◽  
pp. 267-288
Author(s):  
Lu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Evolution Of Science

scholarly journals Dinâmica política e transformações internacionais: os desafios da cooperação internacional em Ciência e Tecnologia no Brasil │ International Political Dynamics and International Cooperation in Science and Technology in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Conceição Da Costa ◽  
Amanda Almeida Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Evolution Of Science

RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta a evolução histórica da cooperação internacional em Ciência e Tecnologia (C&T) no Brasil, relacionando-a às principais transformações internacionais nas relações entre os Estados e avalia criticamente algumas políticas recentes, apontando os desafios que permanecem no âmbito da cooperação internacional em C&T brasileira. A principal contribuição deste trabalho consiste na reflexão de que os desafios enfrentados pela colaboração internacional hoje advêm menos da dinâmica científica do que da política e não têm raízes internacionais.Palavras-chave: Ciência e Tecnologia; Cooperação Internacional; Políticas Públicas.ABSTRACT This paper presents the historical evolution of Science and Technology (S&T) international cooperation in Brazil, relating it to the major international changes in the relations between states. The paper also critically evaluates some recent policies, indicating the challenges that remain for international cooperation in S&T in Brazil. We argue that the current challenges confronted by international collaboration in S&T do not have international roots and their origins do not lie in the scientific sphere but rather in the political one.Keywords: Science and Technology; International Collaboration; Public Policy

scholarly journals Patterns to scientific internationalism: What can a comparative history of IAU and IUPAP teach us?

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Roberto Lalli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Evolution Of Science

AbstractInternational scientific institutions are preferred settings to explore prominent topics in the transnational approaches to the recent history of science. These include: the dichotomy between universalism and contextualism in the historical evolution of exact sciences; the historical transformation of the ideals of scientific internationalism; the tensions between these historically changing ideals and scientists’ national allegiances; the balance between scientific and diplomatic activities of such institutions; and the issue of how the complex ideological, socio-political roles these institutions play affected the actual evolution of science.Inspired by these overreaching themes, the paper presents a conceptual framework for pursuing a comparative analysis of IAU and IUPAP. A bird’s-eye view of the parallel historical developments of these two unions shows that, in spite of their common origins in the highly politicized context of the post-WWI reconstruction of international cooperation, IAU and IUPAP followed diverging trajectories in many respects. It is argued that a deeper study of these differences might give important insights to properly understand the relevance of specific disciplines’ scientific needs in the way the ideals and practices of scientific internationalism were actualized through the 20th century.

Application of electron holography to material science studies on magnetic domain states of small particles

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
T. Hirayama ◽  
Q. Ru ◽  
T. Tanji ◽  
A. Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thin Carbon

The observation of small magnetic materials is one of the most important applications of electron holography to material science, because interferometry by means of electron holography can directly visualize magnetic flux lines in a very small area. To observe magnetic structures by transmission electron microscopy it is important to control the magnetic field applied to the specimen in order to prevent it from changing its magnetic state. The easiest method is tuming off the objective lens current and focusing with the first intermediate lens. The other method is using a low magnetic-field lens, where the specimen is set above the lens gap.Figure 1 shows an interference micrograph of an isolated particle of barium ferrite on a thin carbon film observed from approximately [111]. A hologram of this particle was recorded by the transmission electron microscope, Hitachi HF-2000, equipped with an electron biprism. The phase distribution of the object electron wave was reconstructed digitally by the Fourier transform method and converted to the interference micrograph Fig 1.

Political Islam in an Ethnic Jewish State: Historical Evolution, Contemporary Challenges and Future Prospects

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nohad ‘Ali
Keyword(s):  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Revival Movements ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The One ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Islamic Revivalism

This paper argues that, although the shared and universal ideology of the Islamic revival movements was adopted by the Islamic movement in Israel, the movement has been trying to embody it in diverse and distinctive ways. In principle there is a conflict between commitment to the principle of Islamic revivalism on the one hand, and being so committed in the specific context of the ethnic Jewish state, on the other. The Jewish context of the State of Israel continues to bedevil the development of the Islamic movement in Israel. Since the 1930s, Islamic revivalism in Palestine has undergone five phases of development: the Egyptian, Israeli, Palestinian, and the two phases of ‘adaptation’ and ‘post-adaptation’. These phases reflect ideological developments, rather than simply a historical evolution. They are also the outcome of three sets of constraints: structural, ideological and domestic.

Faeries, Aliens, and Leviathans: Science and Fantasy in Ian McDonald's King of Morning, Queen of Day

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Richard Howard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Irish Studies ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Cultural Movement

Irish science fiction is a relatively unexplored area for Irish Studies, a situation partially rectified by the publication of Jack Fennell's Irish Science Fiction in 2014. This article aims to continue the conversation begun by Fennell's intervention by analysing the work of Belfast science fiction author Ian McDonald, in particular King of Morning, Queen of Day (1991), the first novel in what McDonald calls his Irish trilogy. The article explores how McDonald's text interrogates the intersection between science, politics, and religion, as well as the cultural movement that was informing a growing sense of a continuous Irish national identity. It draws from the discipline of Science Studies, in particular the work of Nicholas Whyte, who writes of the ways in which science and colonialism interacted in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Ireland.

Historical Evolution of Prison System in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-300
Author(s):  
DR.L.P RAJU DR.L.P RAJU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prison System ◽  
Historical Evolution

THE NOTHING THAT REALLY IS!

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4172-4177
Author(s):  
Abdul Malek
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Materialist Interpretation

The denial of the existence of contradiction is at the root of all idealism in epistemology and the cause for alienations.  This alienation has become a hindrance for the understanding of the nature and the historical evolution mathematics itself and its role as an instrument in the enquiry of the physical universe (1). A dialectical materialist approach incorporating  the role of the contradiction of the unity of the opposites, chance and necessity etc., can provide a proper understanding of the historical evolution of mathematics and  may ameliorate  the negative effect of the alienation in modern theoretical physics and cosmology. The dialectical view also offers a more plausible materialist interpretation of the bewildering wave-particle duality in quantum dynamics (2).

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