New US Trade Policy: A Turning Point?

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Maria Fabiana Jorge
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Trade Policy

Trade agreements on intellectual property (IP) became a useful tool for patent holders to increase their exclusive marketing rights around the world. Bilateral agreements have gradually increased the standards of protection beyond those of the TRIPS agreement creating a growing imbalance between the rights of IP holders on one side and those of consumers and the generic industry, on the other. After the Democratic Party became the majority party in the US Congress in January 2007, the new leadership of the Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives forced the US Trade Representative to reopen the Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Peru, Panama and Colombia, the ratification of which was pending, and introduced substantial changes to the final texts to reduce the negative effects on access to medicines posed by the original agreements. This seems to mark a significant turning point but all will depend on how these governments implement the FTAs into their national laws and on whether they actually take advantage of this opportunity. Will other governments follow the leadership shown by the Ways and Means Committee?

scholarly journals US-ROMANIAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Alexandru CRISTIAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Us

Based on 140 years of diplomatic relations made permanent and on almost 180 years of trade agreements, the US-Romanian relations evolved depending on the historicalcircumstances. Relations have grown stronger and more complex, to become permanent and eventually instrumentalized. The emergence of new diplomatic cooperation tools meant the professionalization and institutionalization of US-Romanian bilateral relations. July 11, 1997 – the launching date of the Strategic Partnership – is a historical turning point in the relations of the two countries, which has been beneficial for both stakeholders.Keywords: Strategic Partnership; United States of America; Romania; bilateral relations; pillars; trust; loyalty; cooperation.

US Democrats slowly nearing consensus on trade

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trump Administration

Significance Candidates ranged in their responses, from non-committal on their use of tariffs to criticism of President Donald Trump’s tariff use. The Democratic Party is in the midst of a debate about the direction of trade policy, including whether to pass the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) and how to conduct and prioritise trade policy should their nominee win the presidency in November 2020. Impacts The House of Representatives may vote on the USMCA in coming months. If the House does not vote on the USMCA before December 2019, the next window would likely be November-December 2020. The Trump administration will try to show progress in trade talks with China before November 2020, hoping to gain votes.

Chisholm, Shirley

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Smith Brice
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
African American Woman ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
The Us

Shirley Chisholm (1924–2005) was a political leader and activist best known as the first African American woman elected to the US House of Representatives and the first African American to seek the Democratic Party nomination for US President.

How the Speaker of the US House of Representatives from the ‘Other Party’ Shaped American Politics Since 1945

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 377-395
Author(s):  
Saumyajit Ray
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
The Us ◽  
Speaker Of The House ◽  
Executive Action ◽  
The Government ◽  
Newt Gingrich ◽  
Selection Of

In the presidential system of government in the United States, the President’s party has on more than one occasion been reduced to a minority in the federal legislature. The US President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives—the leader of the majority party—had often found themselves clashing on matters of policy, legislation, and executive action. This essay makes a careful selection of five House Speakers in the post-1945 period, all belonging to the ‘other party’, and explores their relations with the Presidents of their times. Out of these, only Newt Gingrich succeeded in dividing the government as never before, demonstrating that the House Speaker had the capacity to stall government altogether, something even a ‘Leader of the Opposition’ in a parliamentary system can never do.

US Republicans face post-election soul search

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
State Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us

Significance The Republicans lost control of the US House of Representatives to the Democrats for 2019-21 in the midterms, while Democrats also made gains at state-level. Yet there is disagreement over why the party endured losses; arguably, one over-riding factor is that US conservatism faces fundamental (but not new) shifts. Impacts Trump’s “Make America Great Again” exhortation will be a broad enough church in 2020 to attract conservatives’ votes. Trump’s appeal in 2020 will be damaged if, as seems likely, the economy’s lustre of 2017-18 fades. The Democratic Party could be destabilised by newly elected progressives and competing versions of ‘liberal’.

The Congressional Caucus of Today

1915 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilder H. Haines
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rules Committee ◽  
New System ◽  
Preceding Session

The convening of the 64th congress makes timely a brief discussion of the organization and operation of the Democratic caucus system in the house of representatives during the last two congresses; since the Democratic party remains in control of the present congress, it is to be presumed that the past caucus system will be continued in substantially the same form.The caucus system used in the 62d and 63d congresses was adopted by the Democrats, upon their accession to control of the house in 1910, to replace Cannonism, which had become of ill repute among the voters, and which had been partly over-thrown at the preceding session. The unwieldy size of the house, as well as the exigencies of party, required some extra-legal machinery to coördinate and direct the action of the members; the substitute chosen by the Democratic leaders was an adaptation of the senate caucus, formerly known as Aldrichism. The essence of Cannonism had been the control of the house by the speaker through his power of appointment of committees and his domination of the rules committee, backed by the power of the majority party caucus; the essence of the new system is direct control of legislative action by the caucus itself.

Parties, agendas, and roll rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-359
Author(s):  
Shawn Patterson ◽  
Thomas Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Combinatorial Problem ◽  
Agenda Control ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
The Us

For the US House of Representatives, Cox and McCubbins discover tiny majority-party roll rates and offer them as evidence of majority-party agenda control. However, the observed roll rates are approximately what would result from chance alone or from chance constrained in several natural ways. Besides that, we show that rolls themselves are not evidence of any lapse in partisan agenda control and may even occur as the intended consequence of agenda setting by the majority party. Innovations include a solution to the combinatorial problem of counting all possible rolls, the associated computations, hypothetical examples of strategically advantageous self-induced rolls, and a review of likely real examples of the same.

Caucus Governance and the Emergence of the Organizational Cartel, 1861–1891

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A. Jenkins ◽  
Charles Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Antebellum Era ◽  
The Family ◽  
Organizational Arrangement

This chapter examines the emergence of the organizational cartel based on caucus decision making during the period 1861–1891. It considers how the caucus-induced, organizational arrangement solved the lingering instability that had often plagued speakership decisions during the antebellum era. It also shows how the binding party caucus on organizational matters institutionalized and evolved into an equilibrium institution, with both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party embracing the practice of keeping the organization of the House of Representatives “in the family” rather than risking potential complications on the floor. In short, the majority party had finally become an organizational cartel. The chapter explains how the organizational cartel allowed the majority party to control the election of the Speaker and other House officers, as well as the more general makeup of the chamber.

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