scholarly journals People Who Once Had 40 Cattle Are Left Only with Fences: Coping with Persistent Drought in Awash, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Camfield ◽  
Jen Leavy ◽  
Senait Endale ◽  
Tilahun Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
The Past ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Persistent Drought ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Constrained Environments ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractHow to support those responding to environmental change in resource-constrained environments is central to literature on climate change adaption. Our research explores a gap in this literature relating to the negotiation of intra-household relations and resource access across different types of household in contexts of social and environmental transition. Using the example of the semi-arid Awash region in North-Eastern Ethiopia, which has experienced drought and alien plant invasion over the past decade, we explore how men and women use changes in household structures and relationships to adapt more effectively. We draw evidence from life histories with 35 pastoralists across three rural, peri-urban and urban communities. Using Dorward et al.’s taxonomy, we find Afar people are not only ‘stepping up’, but also ‘stepping out’: shifting from pastoralism into agriculture and salaried employment. As this often involves splitting households across multiple locations, we look at how these reconfigured households support pastoralists’ wellbeing.

Land Use Dynamics in the Khor Abu Habil alluvial fan,Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aicha Seifelislam-Schreiber ◽  
Elfatih AbdelRahman ◽  
Christina Bogner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Semi Arid

<p><strong>Introduction</strong> African wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions provide a multitude of ecosystem services and have been described as the “heart of Sahelian life systems". The Khor Abu Habil alluvial wetlands (Khor is the name given to ephemeral rivers in Sudan) are situated in the semi-arid zone in the southern part of the Sudan. These ephemeral wetlands are fed by seasonal wadi streams and remain for several months. They provide a habitat for migratory water birds and play a fundamental role in supporting the human population (agriculture, grazing, fishing, hunting and construction).</p><p><strong>Goals</strong> In this study we analyse the Land Use and Land Cover (LUL) dynamics related to wetlands and the agricultural activities.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods</strong> Landsat images between 1982 and 2018 were used to run a LULC analysis in the Khor Abu Habil alluvial fan using random forests (RF) and change vector analysis (CVA). Due to the political and the COVID-19 pandemic situations in the study area,  the field work aiming at collecting ground reference points could not be completed. Therefore, we decided to identify training data on different types of LULC classes that were dominant in the study area for the last 30 years using CVA, in addition to the collected ground reference points. High resolution images (Quickbird, Geoeye, WorldView) and expert knowledge were used for the selection of training data. For Landsat images acquired before 2018, the present training data were used where CVA showed no change in LULC. After creating accurate training data, the classification of the different Landsat images was run in R using RF.</p><p><strong>Results </strong>Different types of LULC classes were detected over the past 30 years: Wetlands, Vegetation, Agriculture, Arenosols, Cambisols, Clays.  Our results show that many of those classes were "transformed" into other classes over the past years. We observe that many of those changes are related to different anthropological activities such as the expansion of agriculture or construction of dams.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong> Wadis or Khors are particular ecosystems that occur in semi-arid regions. In our study area, the economic activities show a relationship between LULC and different human communities. It is crucial to understand those activities and their effects on an ecosystem, especially if the ecosystem is aimed to be protected. Our research is part of the FAO-supported project RESSOURCE with the overall goal to localise and study wetlands of international importance in the sub-saharan Africa and to possibly declare them as Ramsar protected zones.</p>

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

Colchicum autumnale (Colchicaceae) w okolicach Krakowa – dawne i obecne rozmieszczenie

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zarzyka-Ryszka
Keyword(s):  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Colchicum Autumnale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
North Eastern Part

The paper describes the past and present distribution of Colchicum autumnale in the vicinity of Cracow, highlights the role of Stanisław Dembosz (who published the first locality of C. autumnale near Igołomia in 1841). Gives information about the occurrence of C. autumnale in Krzeszowice in the 19th century (reported by Bronisław Gustawicz), presents new localities noted in 2012–2014 in meadows in the north-eastern part of the Puszcza Niepołomicka forest and adjacent area (between the Vistula and Raba rivers), and gives a locality found in Cracow in 2005 (no longer extant).

Is Healthcare Special?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Moore ◽  
John A. Quelch ◽  
Emily Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Collective Benefit ◽  
Patient Ethics

Chapter 2 asks the critical question of whether healthcare is different from other consumer-driven markets. In the past, many pushed back on the notion that healthcare could be a consumer-driven industry, arguing that it is fundamentally different from other markets. This chapter acknowledges and reviews these critiques, highlighting four areas that might present challenges to increasing consumer choice in healthcare: the special relationship between doctor and patient, ethics and morality, individual choice versus collective benefit, and the health consequences of consumer choice. In doing so, this chapter also presents a schematic for thinking about the different types of healthcare choices, arguing that not all choices are equal and consumers may be more prepared to make decisions in some areas as opposed to others. In presenting the counterargument to consumer choice, this chapter asks the reader to consider the drawbacks and potential limitations of consumer choice in healthcare.

Vietnamese Historical Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pelley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
East Asian ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Southern State ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
North Vietnam

This chapter demonstrates how the process of decolonization and the ensuing separation of Vietnam into a northern and southern state as part of the Cold War in Asia led to different types of history-writing. In both Vietnamese regimes, the writing of history had to serve the state, and in both countries historians emphasized its political function. Whereas North Vietnam located itself in an East Asian and Marxist context, historians of South Vietnam positioned it within a Southeast Asian setting and took a determinedly anti-communist position. After 1986—over a decade after reunification—with past tensions now relaxed, the past could be revaluated more openly under a reformist Vietnamese government that now also permitted much greater interaction with foreign historians.

Different Types of Auricular Keloids and Treatment by Intralesional Cryosurgery: Best Practice for Obtaining Long-Lasting Clinical Results

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yaron Har-Shai ◽  
Lior Har-Shai ◽  
Viktor A. Zouboulis ◽  
Christos C. Zouboulis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Aesthetic Outcome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Auricular keloids belong to the most perplexing medical conditions, which have significant psychosocial impact on the patient’s body image and quality of life. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The article is purposed to provide dermatologists and plastic surgeons with the best proven practice using intralesional cryosurgery for the treatment of the different auricular keloid types in order to obtain superior clinical results by minimizing the probability of recurrence. In the past 20 years, the authors have developed novel procedures in order to increase the effectiveness of intralesional cryosurgery on auricular keloids, including hydrodissection, warm gauze technique, and excision of dangling skin. Long-lasting clinical results with a low recurrence rate and a satisfactory aesthetic outcome are achieved with no deformation of the ear framework.

scholarly journals Predicting the past, present and future distributions of an endangered marsupial in a semi‐arid environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Riley ◽  
M.R.K. Zeale ◽  
O. Razgour ◽  
J. Turpin ◽  
G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Arid Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Flexibility of joint production in mixed fisheries and implications for management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Briton ◽  
Olivier Thébaud ◽  
Claire Macher ◽  
Caleb Gardner ◽  
Lorne Richard Little
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Individual Transferable Quotas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Production Problems

Abstract Over the past decade, efforts have been made to factor technical interactions into management recommendations for mixed fisheries. Yet, the dynamics underlying joint production in mixed fisheries are generally poorly captured in operational mixed fisheries models supporting total allowable catch advice. Using an integrated ecological–economic simulation model, we explore the extent to which fishers are likely to alter the species composition of their landings in a mixed fishery managed with individual transferable quotas, the Australian Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery. Our simulations capture three different types of joint production problems, highlighting the flexibility that exists in terms of achievable catch compositions when quota markets provide the economic incentives to adapt fishing practices to quota availability. These results highlight the importance of capturing the drivers of fishing choices when advising TAC decisions in mixed fisheries. We also identify a hierarchy of species in this fishery, with harvest targets set for primary commercial species determining most of its socio-economic performance.

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