scholarly journals Why has the COVID-19 pandemic increased support for Universal Basic Income?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nettle ◽  
Elliott Johnson ◽  
Matthew Johnson ◽  
Rebecca Saxe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Situation ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Transfer ◽  
The Times ◽  
Changing World

AbstractThe onset of the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked increase in positive discussion of Universal Basic Income (UBI) in political and media circles. However, we do not know whether there was a corresponding increase in support for the policy in the public at large, or why. Here, we present three studies carried out during 2020 in UK and US samples. In study 1 (n = 802, April 2020), people expressed much stronger support for a UBI policy for the times of the pandemic and its aftermath than for normal times. This was largely explained by the increased importance they attached, in the pandemic context, to a system that is simple and efficient to administer, and that reduces stress and anxiety in society. In study 2 (n = 400, May 2020), we pitted UBI against a conditional targeted social transfer system. Preferences for UBI were stronger for pandemic times than for normal times. This was partially explained by a number of perceived advantages, such as simplicity of administration and suitability for a changing world. In study 3 (n = 397, September 2020), we found that the headline results of studies 1 and 2 persisted six months after the onset of the pandemic, albeit with attenuated effect sizes. Our results illustrate how a changing social and economic situation can bring about markedly different policy preferences, through changes in citizens’ perceptions of what is currently important.

scholarly journals Why has the COVID-19 pandemic increased support for Universal Basic Income?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nettle ◽  
Elliott Johnson ◽  
Matthew Thomas Johnson ◽  
Rebecca Saxe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Situation ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Transfer ◽  
The Times ◽  
Changing World

The onset of the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked increase in positive discussion of Universal Basic Income (UBI) in political and media circles. However, we do not know whether there was a corresponding increase in support for the policy in the public at large, or why. Here, we present three studies carried out during 2020 in UK and US samples. In study 1 (n=802, April 2020), people expressed much stronger support for a UBI policy for the times of the pandemic and its aftermath than for normal times. This was largely explained by the increased importance they attached, in the pandemic context, to a system that is simple and efficient to administer, and that reduces stress and anxiety in society. In study 2 (n=400, May 2020), we pitted UBI against a conditional targeted social transfer system. Preferences for UBI were stronger for pandemic times than for normal times. This was partially explained by a number of perceived advantages, such as simplicity of administration and suitability for a changing world. In study 3 (n= 397, September 2020), we found that the headline results of studies 1 and 2 persisted six months after the onset of the pandemic, albeit with attenuated effect sizes. Our results illustrate how a changing social and economic situation can bring about markedly different policy preferences, through changes in citizens’ perceptions of what is currently important.

DID PUBLIC CASH TRANSFER CROWD OUT INTER-HOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS IN INDONESIA? EVIDENCE FROM "BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI /BLT"

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Corry Wulandari ◽  
Nadezhda Baryshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
The Government

In 2005 the Government of Indonesia introduced an unconditional cash transfer program called the ‘Bantuan Langsung Tunai’ (BLT), aimed at assisting poor people who were suffering from the removal of a fuel subsidy. There are concerns, however, that the introduction of a public transfer system can negatively affect inter-household transfers through the crowding-out effect, which exists when donor households reduce the amount of their transfers in line with public transfers received from the government. The poor may not therefore have received any meaningful impact from the public cash transfer, as they potentially receive fewer transfers from inter-household private donors. For the government to design a public transfer system, it is necessary to properly understand the dynamics of private transfer behaviour. Hence, this study evaluates whether there exists a crowding-out effect of public transfers on inter-household transfers in Indonesia.Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and by applying Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) and Difference-in-differences (DID) approaches, this study found that the likelihood to receive transfers from other family members (non-co-resident) reduces when the household receives BLT. However, there is no significant impact of BLT on transfers from parents and friends.

Аmbiguous Temporality of Utopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Svetlana Neretina
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Creative Task ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Ideal

The article rejects the reading of Thomas More's Utopia as, first, a statement of More's own views on the ideal state and, accordingly, his definition not only as a humanist, but as a communist, and, secondly, an attempt is made to present the humanistic foundations of his ideas and ways of expressing them. These ways of expression are connected with the tropological way of his thinking, expressed through satire and irony, with an eye to ancient examples, which was characteristic of the philosophy, poetics and politics of humanism, one of the tasks of which was to try to build a new society (especially relevant in the period of geographical discoveries), architecture, an unprecedented ratio of natural objects (archimboldeski). The models for "Utopia" were the works of Plato, Lucian, and Cicero. It is written in the spirit of the times, with criticism of state structures, private property, the distinction between the private and the public, and openness to all ideas. Intellectual disorientation of readers is a specific creative task of More writer, his test of their ability to quickly change the optics, to consider history as an alternative world, radically different from our own, but connected with it. Thanks to an extremely pronounced intellectual tension, it goes beyond the limits of time, like the works of Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Marx... Utopia can be represented as a dystopia, if we take into account the performative nature of the latter, which contributes to the instantaneous translation of words into action, realizing the world of utopia. Dystopia is the answer to utopia with a change of sign: about the same thing, changing the optics, you can say "yes" and "no". This means that in the modern world, indeed, and for a long time, virtual consciousness becomes little different from the real one, and imagination replaces the theoretical position, acquiring its form, turning theory into fiction. A hypothesis is put forward about the presence of many utopian countries in" Utopia": Achorians, Polylerites, Macarians, Anemolians.

Surplus: Two Hundred Years of Actuarial Advance

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 19-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Cox ◽  
R. H. Storr-Best
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Scene ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
The Times ◽  
Historical Developments

SynopsisThe paper is in the nature of a summary of the authors' book “Surplus in British Life Assurance—Actuarial Control over its Emergence and Distribution during 200 Years”. Copies may be purchased direct from the Institute of Actuaries (price 17s. 6d.). Members and Students of the Faculty may obtain a copy for personal use at the reduced price of 11s. post free. It begins with a survey of the principal factors that have influenced the development of theory and practice in regard to surplus throughout the years. It describes the manner in which surplus first arose in scientific life assurance, and traces how this and other historical developments have had an important effect both in the early days and later as a valid standard of equity was gradually evolved. At the same time the influence of long-dated contracts and of the expectations of the public has been a stabilising factor in spite of rapid changes in the economic and social scene.The characteristics of the nineteenth-century image of equity are described, and the history of the twentieth century in regard to surplus is seen as one of attempts to preserve that image through sharp and contrasting vicissitudes. This idea is explored in some detail for both ordinary and industrial life business.The problems of the present day are reviewed one by one and the paper touches on such matters as economic inflation, the public demand for pension schemes, the introduction of computers and data-processing devices and the prospect of Britain joining the Common Market. Against this background, various modern concepts of equity are contrasted and brief reference is made to matching, immunisation and gearing. Equity in with-profit pension schemes and systems of variable policies are also considered.This general survey leads the authors in the end to ask some critical questions about the performance of the profession throughout its history. These questions relate to the success or otherwise of actuaries in foreseeing the future, in attaining equity and in progressing with the times. The authors attempt to answer them and are able to end on a cheerful note as regards past achievements and to express great hopes for the future, which may well bring a new era for the profession.

scholarly journals Leadership perception in candidate faces: Scotland's unionists prefer dominant leaders, and so do nationalists – but only if they are economic pessimists

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-458
Author(s):  
Kristen K. Knowles ◽  
Anthony C. Little
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Leadership Perception ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Voting Decisions ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
Economic Outlook

Voters rely on many cues to make decisions about who to vote for, and the appearance of a potential leader can play an important part in this decision-making process. When choosing leaders, it is thought that voters make ‘fit-to-task’ voting decisions, for example, exhibiting a preference for masculine-looking leaders in hypothetical wartime scenarios, when masculine behavioural characteristics would be most valued. Here, we examine face preferences within a sample of Scottish voters during the campaign for the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. Subjects were presented with masculinised and feminised versions of faces in a forced-choice experimental task to select their preferred face in a hypothetical national election. No voters (those who voted to maintain the Union) chose more masculine-faced hypothetical leaders than Yes voters (those who voted in favour of an independent Scotland); effect sizes observed were medium. Within Yes voters, economic concern was related to a preference for masculine faces, but for No voters, economic outlook did not relate to face preferences. These findings underscore the importance of real-world socio-political contexts in psychology research, particularly that concerning the public perception of different leadership prototypes. Implications in the current Scottish context are discussed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF Q-STORE MARKETPLACE  CASE STUDY OF TEMBILAHAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Irwandi Rizki Putra ◽  
Muh. Rasyid Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Business World ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Online Marketplace ◽  
The Times

Along with the times, technology and information are developing rapidly in various sectors in terms of human life. In the business world, technological development is very helpful in many ways. The phenomenon that occurs at this time is the increasingly widespread competition in the business world, especially in the field of marketplace in getting consumers to the emergence of various online marketplace sites. So far, Tembilahan online shop business is only known through social media such as Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram or verbally to the public. Therefore, researchers are interested in taking a title, namely Marketpleace Q-Store Market Analysis and planning. Tembilahan Case Study aims to become a media promotion, and can make it easier for people to find goods that they want. In designing this Marketplace, the analysis used is PIECES and UML (Unified Modeling Language) as modeling and using the Framework code igniter to facilitate researchers in building systems. With the implementation of the Marketplace Q-Store, it provides a platform for seller to market their products.

As Heard on…

2021 ◽  
pp. 603-624
Author(s):  
Justin Patch
Keyword(s):  
Online Advertising ◽  
Political Advertising ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Film Scores ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Times ◽  
Musical Elements

The musical elements of political advertising change with the times. From songsters, contrafactum songs with lyrics that extoll one candidate or party and denigrate the other, to television and radio jingles and online ads, the aesthetics of the campaign mirror the media diet of the public. Early television ads imitated jingles of the day: They were simple, catchy, and repetitive. Both Eisenhower’s “Ike for President” and Kennedy’s “Kennedy” follow this mold. Johnson’s 1964 campaign breaks this mold with “Daisy,” an anti-Goldwater ad known for deploying the eerie sounds of nuclear war. Successive campaigns sought to use a similar recipe, employing cues from film scores and trailers to dictate the emotional content of the ad. Recently, online advertising has bloomed, including tribute videos and promotional spots made by citizens and submitted to the campaign, adding grassroots allure and authenticity.

Cauzele justificative și transmiterea unor boli infectocontagioase

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2020) ◽  
pp. 319-347
Author(s):  
Dorel HERINEAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Times ◽  
Near Future

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this article analyses some possibilities provided by the law in order to protect the public health or the health of an individual, respectively the commission of certain actions sanctioned by the criminal law under the incidence of the justification causes, with the consequence of their lack of criminal character. Whether it is the means of retaliation or rescue that can be used by a person facing the transmission of infectious diseases, the actions necessary to prevent or combat the pandemic that the law authorizes or the availability or not of a person's health as a social value, the situations that may appear in the near future in the legal practice have not been previously studied by the doctrine and have an element of novelty. Thus, the article makes, based on some theoretical exercises, a punctual analysis of some problems of application and interpretation that could intervene and for which are offered, most of the times, generic, principled landmarks, but also some concrete solutions on the incidence or exclusion from the application of the justification causes.

Climate Change and Sustainability Issues in Indian Newspapers

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Nirmala Thirumalaiah ◽  
Arul Aram I.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Regional Newspapers ◽  
The Times

Climate change conferences had wide media coverage – be it on newspaper, radio, television or the internet. The terms such as ‘climate change', ‘global warming', and ‘El Nino' are gaining popularity among the public. This study examines the news coverage of climate change issues in the major daily newspapers—The Times of India, The Hindu in English, and the Dina Thanthi, Dinamalar, and Dinamani in regional language (Tamil)—for the calendar years 2014 and 2015. This chapter describes how climate change influences nature and human life, and it is the basis for social and economic development. The news coverage of climate change and sustainability issues helps the reader better understand the concepts and perspectives of environment. Climate change communication in regional newspapers and local news stories may increase the public's interest and knowledge level regarding climate change and sustainability issues.

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