scholarly journals Mapping discrimination in Europe through a field experiment in amateur sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez ◽  
Cornel Nesseler ◽  
Helmut M. Dietl
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Training Session ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Amateur Sport

AbstractSocieties are increasingly multicultural and diverse, consisting of members who migrated from various other countries. However, immigrants and ethnic minorities often face discrimination in the form of fewer opportunities for labor and housing, as well as limitations on interactions in other social domains. Using mock email accounts with typical native-sounding and foreign-sounding names, we contacted 23,020 amateur football clubs in 22 European countries, asking to participate in a training session. Response rates differed across countries and were, on average, about 10% lower for foreign-sounding names. The present field experiment reveals discrimination against ethnic minority groups, uncovering organizational deficiencies in a system trusted to foster social interactions.

Gene-environment Interaction on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Ethnic Minority Populations Living in Europe and North America: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Zafarmand ◽  
Parvin Tajik ◽  
René Spijker ◽  
Charles Agyemang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

Background: The body of evidence on gene-environment interaction (GEI) related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) has grown in the recent years. However, most studies on GEI have sought to explain variation within individuals of European ancestry and results among ethnic minority groups are inconclusive. Objective: To investigate any interaction between a gene and an environmental factor in relation to T2D among ethnic minority groups living in Europe and North America. Methods: We systematically searched Medline and EMBASE databases for the published literature in English up to 25th March 2019. The screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by reviewers independently. Results: 1068 studies identified through our search, of which nine cohorts of six studies evaluating several different GEIs were included. The mean follow-up time in the included studies ranged from 5 to 25.7 years. Most studies were relatively small scale and few provided replication data. All studies included in the review included ethnic minorities from North America (Native-Americans, African- Americans, and Aboriginal Canadian), none of the studies in Europe assessed GEI in relation to T2D incident in ethnic minorities. The only significant GEI among ethnic minorities was HNF1A rs137853240 and smoking on T2D incident among Native-Canadians (Pinteraction = 0.006). Conclusion: There is a need for more studies on GEI among ethnicities, broadening the spectrum of ethnic minority groups being investigated, performing more discovery using genome-wide approaches, larger sample sizes for these studies by collaborating efforts such as the InterConnect approach, and developing a more standardized method of reporting GEI studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Ethnic Discrimination in the Dutch Labor Market: Differences Between Ethnic Minority Groups and the Role of Personal Information About Job Applicants—Evidence from a Field Experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lex Thijssen ◽  
Marcel Coenders ◽  
Bram Lancee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Large Scale Field

AbstractIn this study, we present the results of a large-scale field experiment on ethnic discrimination in the Dutch labor market. We sent fictitious job applications (N = 4211) to vacancies for jobs in ten different occupations in the Netherlands. By examining 35 different ethnic minority groups, we detect considerable differences in discrimination rates, predominantly between Western and non-Western minorities. Furthermore, we find little systematic variation in discrimination patterns with regard to gender, regions, and occupations, pointing to the existence of an ethnic hierarchy that is widely shared among employers. Finally, we do not find empirical support for the hypothesis that adding personal information in job applications reduces discrimination.

Ethnic Affairs Policy

1990 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treat All

AbstractDanish practice regarding ethnic minorities is rather inconsistent and unco-ordinated. Danish practice at its best attempts to enhance the competence of the individual members of ethnic minority groups in order to equip them to participate more fully in Danish society. At its worst, Danish administration repudiates the special needs of ethnic minorities. In most circumstances, Denmark's official position is relatively tolerant and yet passive as to the fate of ethnic minorities. Assimilation is an almost irresistable pressure for tiny ethnic minorities in a largely homogeneous society when the following ingredients are combined: • the failure to officially acknowledge the existence of minorities as such; and • the foundation principle of Danish administration of the actual equality of all people and the concomitant obligation to treat all alike.

scholarly journals Keep a Stiff Upper Lip or Wear Your Heart on Your Sleeve? Ethnic Identity and Emotion Management among Arab/Palestinians in Israel

Sociology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Feinstein ◽  
Maha Shehade Switat
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Palestinians In Israel ◽  
Subjective Identity

This study examines how emotion management is linked to subjective identity among members of ethnic minority groups in ethnically mixed workplaces. Data were drawn from interviews with Arab/Palestinian citizen residents of Israel. The results reveal three distinct strategies of emotion management: (1) Arab/Palestinians, regardless of their subjective identity, tend to conceal emotions during interactions with majority group members; (2) individuals who identify as ‘Arab’ also tend to regulate social interactions to avoid the emotional risks that accompany interactions with majority group members; (3) those who choose a ‘Palestinian’ label are more likely to actively express their ethnic identities despite the emotional risks associated with this type of identification. The findings suggest that emotion management is influenced not only by a person’s assignment to a social minority category (the emphasis of previous research), but also by a person’s subjectively defined identity.

scholarly journals The sustainable development of the ethnic minorities in Vietnam: The Indian experience and policy implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Thanh Hang Pham ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The Sustainable Development

India is a country with diverse ethnic groups. To ensure special rights and benefits for ethnic minority groups aim at the sustainable development of the ethnic groups, the Indian Government has regulations on preferential treatment in terms of policies, capital provision, education and employment opportunities included in its Constitution. In addition to providing legal protection to minorities in the Constitution, the Government also implements national projects to promote socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas, establishing various agencies to manage issues of the groups. These are useful recommendations for Vietnam in ensuring the rights of ethnic minorities. In this article, the author will focus on clarifying the basic contents of Indian Government for ensuring the rights of ethnic minority groups and drawing some policy suggestions for Vietnam.

Perceived ethnic discrimination as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bardol ◽  
Stéphanie Grot ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Emmanuel Poulet ◽  
Halima Zeroug-Vial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown an elevated risk of psychotic symptoms (PS) and experiences (PEs) among ethnic minority groups, with significant variation between groups. This pattern may be partially attributable to the unfavorable socio-environmental conditions that surround ethnic minority groups. Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) in particular has been a salient putative risk factor to explain the increased risk.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of PED on reporting PS/PEs in ethnic minorities. This review abides by the guidelines set forth by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The included studies were obtained from the databases: Medline, PsycINFO, and Web Of Science. Sub-group analyses were performed assessing the effect of PED in different subtypes of PS, the influence of ethnicity and moderating/mediating factors.ResultsSeventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, and nine were used to conduct the meta-analysis. We found a positive association between PED and the occurrence of PS/PEs among ethnic minorities. The combined odds ratio were 1.77 (95% CI 1.26–2.49) for PS and 1.94 (95% CI 1.42–2.67) for PEs. We found that the association was similar across ethnic groups and did not depend on the ethnic origin of individuals. Weak evidence supported the buffering effects of ethnic identity, collective self-esteem and social support; and no evidence supported the moderating effect of ethnic density. Sensitivity to race-based rejection significantly but only slightly mediated the association.ConclusionThese findings suggest that PED is involved in the increased risk of PS/PEs in ethnic minority populations.

scholarly journals European Identity and its Relationship to National and Ethnic Identities among Younger and Older Members of Ethnic Minority Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Waechter
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract European Identity and its Relationship to National and Ethnic Identities among Younger and Older Members of Ethnic Minority Groups. European identity is neither a new phenomenon nor a new concept. Yet, after almost three decades of research, this area is characterized by a wide variety of concepts and little empirical evidence. Existing studies in the area propose homogeneous concepts of societies and often disregard European identity among ethnic minorities and non-citizens. This paper addresses the gap in the literature and analyses European identity among 12 minority groups living in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that have already become or might become EU members. The purpose of this study is to examine the choice of European identity and attitudes towards Europe in relation to other identities among respondents with an ethnic minority background. The paper addresses this question within the life-course perspective and examines differences in identity levels between the young and older cohorts of minority groups. For our analysis we have used a sample of 6800 members of ethnic minorities living in CEE (ENRIValues and Identities Survey). Our results indicate a stronger level of European orientation among minority young people in comparison to adults. Moreover, the study shows that while young minority cohorts manifest stronger levels of European identity than adults, their levels of national and ethnic identity are significantly lower. While adults consider their national identity to be more salient than European identity, young people give the two equal degrees of importance. At the same time, for both young people and adults, the results illustrate that European identity is compatible with both national and ethnic identities

scholarly journals Accessibility of health care experienced by persons with dementia from ethnic minority groups and formal and informal caregivers: A scoping review of European literature

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122110553
Author(s):  
Gözde Duran-Kiraç ◽  
Özgül Uysal-Bozkir ◽  
Ronald Uittenbroek ◽  
Hein van Hout ◽  
Marjolein I. Broese van Groenou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Access To Health

The number of persons with dementia from ethnic minority backgrounds is increasing. However, ethnic minority groups use health care services less frequently compared to the general population. We conducted a scoping review and used the theoretical framework developed by Levesque to provide an overview of the literature concerning access to health care for ethnic minority people with dementia and (in)formal caregivers. Studies mentioned barriers in (1) the ability to perceive a need for care in terms of health literacy, health beliefs and trust, and expectations; (2) the ability to seek care because of personal and social values and the lack of knowledge regarding health care options; and (3) lack of person-centered care as barrier to continue with professional health care. Studies also mentioned barriers experienced by professionals in (1) communication with ethnic minorities and knowledge about available resources for professionals; (2) cultural and social factors influencing the professionals’ attitudes towards ethnic minorities; and (3) the appropriateness of care and lacking competencies to work with people with dementia from ethnic minority groups and informal caregivers. By addressing health literacy including knowledge about the causes of dementia, people with dementia from ethnic minorities and their informal caregivers may improve their abilities to access health care. Health care professionals need to strengthen their competencies in order to facilitate access to health care for this group.

scholarly journals On the Xenophobia of Non–Discriminated Ethnic Minorities

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Guido Ortona
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Sometimes the leaders of ethnic minority groups behave in a way that may promote xenophobia. A simple two-subject model is used to find out when this behaviour is rational. The conditions are briefly discussed with reference to the Italian case. An appendix illustrates die definition of xenophobia adopted in die paper.

Intersected Groups and Discriminatory Everyday Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
Jens Agerström ◽  
Magnus Carlsson ◽  
Andrea Strinić
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Real World ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Arab Minority

Abstract. De-racialization research suggests that depicting members of ethnic minority groups as gay leads to less stereotypic perceptions of their ethnic group. However, whether the consequences of de-racialization translate into real-world behavior is unclear. In a large “lost letter” field experiment ( N = 6,654) where an email was ostensibly sent to the wrong recipient by mistake, we investigate whether the relative impact of signaling gayness (vs. heterosexuality) differs for Arab (minority) versus Swedish (majority) senders. The results show clear evidence of ethnic discrimination where Arab (minority) senders receive fewer replies (prosocial response) than Swedish (majority) senders. However, there is no evidence indicating that Arab senders would receive a lower penalty for revealing gayness. Implications for multiple categorization research are discussed.

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