scholarly journals A stylistic analysis of Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones: a socio-pragmatic view

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosni Mostafa El-dali
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Precise Interpretation

AbstractThe purpose of this study is three fold; first, it attempts to show to what extent Fielding’s writings unfold the basic characteristics of the eighteenth century lines of thinking, foremost of which is the importance of context for the determination of meaning. Second, it attempts to show Fielding’s philosophy of human nature which, according to him, is a mixture of man’s selfishness, greediness, honesty and charity, all of which are characteristics of the ‘characters’ nature. Third, the present study sheds some light on Fielding’s technique in writing. The importance of introducing ironic techniques is to stimulate the reader’s mental imagination to understand opposite meanings and in consequence adopt a proper evaluation of the character’s behaviour. Fielding discusses through irony some important concepts such as chastity, reason and gentility, yet no direct clue is given to the readers to give a precise interpretation about them. It is also through irony that the interpretation of these concepts are hindered by perplexing assumptions as connotations of meaning make it difficult for the readers to give any judgment or adopt any evaluation. The study shows that Fielding’s technique in ‘Tom Jones’ is incorporated within a third omniscience narrative, which gives the narrator the chance to preside over his creation and commenting on certain attitudes and actions. It concludes that the mark of shame bestowed by earlier critics on Fielding as intrusive narrator is eliminated on the grounds that his presence within the text is directed for teaching purposes.

Fielding and Richardson

PMLA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
William Park
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
General Type ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

But the Discovery [of when to laugh and when to cry] was reserved for this Age, and there are two Authors now living in this Metropolis, who have found out the Art, and both brother Biographers, the one of Tom Jones, and the other of Clarissa.author of Charlotte SummersRather than discuss the differences which separate Fielding and Richardson, I propose to survey the common ground which they share with each other and with other novelists of the 1740's and 50's. In other words I am suggesting that these two masters, their contemporaries, and followers have made use of the same materials and that as a result the English novels of the mid-eighteenth century may be regarded as a distinct historic version of a general type of literature. Most readers, it seems to me, do not make this distinction. They either think that the novel is always the same, or they believe that one particular group of novels, such as those written in the early twentieth century, is the form itself. In my opinion, however, we should think of the novel as we do of the drama. No one kind of drama, such as Elizabethan comedy or Restoration comedy, is the drama itself; instead, each is a particular manifestation of the general type. Each kind bears some relationship to the others, but at the same time each has its own identity, which we usually call its conventions. By conventions I mean not only stock characters, situations, and themes, but also notions and assumptions about the novel, human nature, society, and the cosmos itself. If we compare one kind of novel to another without first considering the conventions of each, we are likely to make the same mistake that Thomas Rymer did when he blamed Shakespeare for not conforming to the canons of classical French drama.

Tom Jones

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
History Of

Fielding's comic masterpiece of 1749 was immediately attacked as `A motley history of bastardism, fornication, and adultery'. Indeed, his populous novel overflows with a marvellous assortment of prudes, whores, libertines, bumpkins, misanthropes, hypocrites, scoundrels, virgins, and all too fallible humanitarians. At the centre of one of the most ingenious plots in English fiction stands a hero whose actions were, in 1749, as shocking as they are funny today. Expelled from Mr Allworthy's country estate for his wild temper and sexual conquests, the good-hearted foundling Tom Jones loses his money, joins the army, and pursues his beloved across Britain to London, where he becomes a kept lover and confronts the possibility of incest. Tom Jones is rightly regarded as Fielding's greatest work, and one of the first and most influential of English novels. This carefully modernized edition is based on Fielding's emended fourth edition text and offers the most thorough notes, maps, and bibliography. The introduction uses the latest scholarship to examine how Tom Jones exemplifies the role of the novel in the emerging eighteenth-century public sphere.

scholarly journals Effects of room airflow on accurate determination of PUF-PAS sampling rates in the indoor environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Herkert ◽  
Keri C. Hornbuckle
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Air Toxics ◽  
Precise Interpretation

Accurate and precise interpretation of concentrations from polyurethane passive samplers (PUF-PAS) is important as more studies show elevated concentrations of PCBs and other semivolatile air toxics in indoor air of schools and homes.

Aristotle's Approach to Poetry

1981 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
B. R. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
First Time

These are the opening words of Aristotle's Poetics, generally recognized as the most influential work in the history of Western European drama and poetic theory since the Renaissance. The initial statement of the scope of the inquiry is a formidable one; but a reader coming to it for the first time might well be forgiven for concluding that it promises far more than it achieves. Is it possible, he might ask, that all this is contained in a slim volume occupying no more than 47 pages in the Oxford Classical Text and 45 in the Penguin translation? Reading further, he might become even more disillusioned: what he discovers is that, after a very brief and perfunctory introduction on poetry as a form of mimesis or artistic representation, Aristotle limits himself to a discussion of tragedy, a cursory treatment of epic, and a few passing references to comedy, and that, even in the case of tragedy, by far the major part of the argument is devoted to an examination of plot. Can this really be the work which excited scholars in the Renaissance, inspired Milton to write Samson Agonistes, an Aristotelian drama if there ever was one, provided the structural pattern and dramatic conventions for the plays of Racine and Corneille, gave Fielding the principles on which he based his Tom Jones, influenced Goethe and Lessing and, through Lessing, Coleridge, and has won the attention and admiration of critics writing in English from James Harris at the end of the eighteenth century to Richard MacKeon in the second half of the twentieth? And, if so, why?

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DAN PEMBARUAN HUKUM ISLAM PERSPEKTIF SADD AL-DZARI’AH

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Gibtiah Gibtiah ◽  
Yusida Fitriati
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Law

<p>Abstract: Social life is one of human nature that has innate.<br />One characteristic of social life is the constant change in the<br />community. There is no society ever stop at a certain point of all<br />time, but constantly changing and moving forward. Changes<br />that occur sooner or later be able to change the joints staple of<br />people's lives. This paper explores social change and renewal of<br />Islamic law by using the method of determination of the law<br />“sadd al dzari’ah”.</p><p><br />ملخص: الحیاة الاجتماعیة ھي واحدة من طبیعة الإنسان الذي لدیھ الفطریة . واحدة<br />من سمات الحیاة الاجتماعیة ھي التغییر المستمر في المجتمع. لا یوجد أي مجتمع<br />تتوقف أبدا عند نقطة معینة في كل العصور، ولكن تتغیر باستمرار، و تتحرك إلى الأمام<br />. التغیرات التي تحدث عاجلا أو آجلا تكون قادرة على تغییر الأساسیة مفاصل حیاة<br />الناس. وتبحث ھذه الورقة التغییر الاجتماعي والتجدید في الشریعة الإسلامیة باستخدام<br />طریقة تحدید القانون.</p><p>Kata kunci : metode penggalian hukum, sadd al-dzari’ah</p>

scholarly journals The researching of diagnostic’s systems area as the reflection-ontological basis of cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Elena N. Pesotskaya ◽  
Vera I. Inchina ◽  
Mikhail V. Zorkin ◽  
Svetlana V. Aksenova
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Nature And Society

The concept of a diagnostic system is defined as a basic component of diagnostics, which is a multivariate knowledge of features of personality reflection. Multi-level of communications in the field of diphase procedural interaction of the formed diagnostic systems is proposed to be practically investigated on the basis of a synergistic cognitive model. In the structure of the diagnostic system itself, the phases of procedural interaction are distinguished, where the first one passes before diagnosis and outside its value-reflexive processes, forming against the background of a specific society and system of its medicine as a whole. The second phase involves the activities of a specific professional. The openness of this integrity stems from the phenomenal characteristics of the nature of social systems, the inclusion of individuals and their synergy. The significance of the parametric aspect of communication in complex intersubjective interactions, including network interactions, which influence the transformation of both human nature and society by the type of mutual determination of any nonlinear actions inherent in them initially, is shown.

Periventricular Intraparenchymal Echodensities in the Premature Newborn: Critical Determinant of Neurologic Outcome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1006
Author(s):  
Franco Guzzetta ◽  
Gary D. Shackelford ◽  
Sara Volpe ◽  
Jeffrey M. Perlman ◽  
Joseph J. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Controversy exists concerning the degree of importance of periventricular intraparenchymal echodensities (IPE) observed on neonatal ultrasound scans in the determination of subsequent neurologic disability in premature infants. In this report, IPE was studied in 75 infants weighing less than 2,000 g at birth to determine the basic characteristics of the lesion, the likely pathogenesis, the outcome, and the aspects of the ultrasonographic appearance in the acute period of neonatal illness that are important for prediction of outcome. IPE was defined as any periventricular echodensity greater than 1 cm in at least one dimension. IPE was strikingly associated with large areas of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (81% of cases). IPE was distinctly asymmetric. Thus, the lesion was either exclusively unilateral (67%) or bilateral with marked predominance on one side. The associated IVH was asymmetric in approximately 80% of cases, and in all 50 cases of large asymmetric IVH, IPE occurred on the same side as the larger amount of intraventricular blood. Moreover, more than 50% of such cases of IPE associated with large asymmetric IVH were progressive. Neuropathologic correlation showed that IPE represented hemorrhagic necrosis of periventricular tissue. Concerning pathogenesis, these data raise the possibility that large asymmetric IVH is related etiologically to IPE. Outcome varied with the severity of the IPE. Thus, the mortality rate among the 38 infants with extensive IPE was 79%. Of the survivors with extensive IPE, all had subsequent major motor deficits and all but one exhibited cognitive function less than 80% of normal. Among the 37 infants with localized IPE, the mortality rate was 38%. Of the survivors, although 79% had major motor deficits, 43% had cognitive function greater than 80% of normal. Thus, the findings demonstrate that with extensive IPE there is little or no chance for survival with normal neurologic and cognitive outcome, but with localized IPE, although major motor deficits are common, an appreciable proportion of infants have cognitive function in the normal range. Careful, quantitative assessment of the ultrasonographic features of IPE in the acute period of illness in the premature infant is of major value in estimating outcome.

Defining Man as Animal Religiosum in English Religious Writing ca. 1650–ca. 1700

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. W. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Rational Animal ◽  
Cambridge Platonism ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subsequent Incorporation ◽  
The Continuum

This article surveys the emergence and usage of the redefinition of man not as animal rationale (rational animal) but as animal religiosum (religious animal) by numerous English theologians between 1650 and 1700. Across the continuum of English Protestant thought, human nature was being redescribed as unique due to its religious, not primarily its rational, capabilities. This article charts said appearance as a contribution to debates over man's relationship with God; then its subsequent incorporation into the discussion over the theological consequences of arguments in favor of animal rationality, as well as its uses in anti-atheist apologetics; and then the sudden disappearance of the definition of man as animal religiosum at the beginning of the eighteenth century. In doing so, the article hopes to make a useful contribution to our understanding of changing early modern understandings of human nature by reasserting the significance of theological writing in the dispute over the relationship between humans and beasts. As a consequence, it offers a more wide-ranging account of man as animal religiosum than the current focus on “Cambridge Platonism” and “Latitudinarianism” allows.

scholarly journals Field Determination of the Specific Input Characteristics to Calculate the Value of C Factor of Time-variable Crops for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakubíková Alena ◽  
Tippl Miloslav Janeček and Martin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Specific Input ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Fall Height

To determine specific characteristics necessary for the computation of the C factor in RUSLE for timevariable crops, measurements were carried out in fields with selected agricultural crops grown by conventional practices. Sloping plots on an experimental area in Třebsin locality and farm fields were used to measure surface runoff and soil loss by erosion in conditions of natural and simulated rainfall. Basic characteristics to compute the C factor were determined in the particular growth phases of selected crops &ndash; sunflower, flax, poppy and rape. Effective root mass, canopy cover and fall height of rain drops were measured.

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