Resilient Modulus and Dynamic Modulus of Warm Mix Asphalt

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wei Goh ◽  
Zhanping You
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt

Performance of Virginia’s Early Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey D. Diefenderfer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Repeated Load ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Virginia Department ◽  
Performance Grading ◽  
Air Void

The Virginia Department of Transportation began allowing the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in 2008. Although several WMA technologies were investigated prior to implementation, foamed WMA was not. This study evaluated the properties and performance of foamed WMA placed during the initial implementation of the technology to determine whether the technology had performed as expected. Six mixtures produced using plant foaming technologies and placed between 2008 and 2010 were identified and subjected to field coring and laboratory testing. Coring was performed in 2014, resulting in pavement ages from 4 to 6 years. Three comparable hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were cored at 5 years for comparison. Cores were evaluated for air-void contents and permeability and were subjected to dynamic modulus, repeated load permanent deformation, and overlay testing. In addition, binder was extracted and recovered for performance grading. Similar properties were found for the WMA and HMA mixtures. One WMA mixture had high dynamic modulus and binder stiffness, but overlay testing did not indicate any tendency for premature cracking. All binders had aged between two and three performance grades above that specified at construction. WMA binders and one HMA binder aged two grades higher, and the remaining two HMA binders aged three grades higher, indicating a likely influence on aging of the reduced temperatures at which the early foamed mixtures were typically produced. Overall results indicated that foamed WMA and HMA mixtures should be expected to perform similarly.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Approaches Based on Machine Learning to Predict Dynamic Modulus of Warm Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Van Dao ◽  
Ngoc-Lan Nguyen ◽  
Hai-Bang Ly ◽  
Binh Thai Pham ◽  
Tien-Thinh Le
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Dynamic Elastic Modulus ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology, taking advantage of reclaimed asphalt pavements, has gained increasing attention from the scientific community. The determination of technical specifications of such a type of asphalt concrete is crucial for pavement design, in which the asphalt concrete dynamic modulus (E*) of elasticity is amongst the most critical parameters. However, the latter could only be determined by complicated, costly, and time-consuming experiments. This paper presents an alternative cost-effective approach to determine the dynamic elastic modulus (E*) of WMA based on various machine learning-based algorithms, namely the artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and ensemble boosted trees (Boosted). For this, a total of 300 samples were fabricated by warm mix asphalt technology. The mixtures were prepared with 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and modified bitumen binder using Sasobit and Zycotherm additives. The dynamic elastic modulus tests were conducted by varying the temperature from 10 °C to 50 °C at different frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 25 Hz. Various common quantitative indications, such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and correlation coefficient (R) were used to validate and compare the prediction capability of different models. The results showed that machine learning models could accurately predict the dynamic elastic modulus of WMA using up to 50% RAP and fabricated by warm mix asphalt technology. Out of these models, the Boosted algorithm (R = 0.9956) was found as the best predictor compared with those obtained by ANN-LMN (R = 0.9954), SVM (R = 0.9654), and GPR (R= 0.9865). Thus, it could be concluded that Boosted is a promising cost-effective tool for the prediction of the dynamic elastic modulus (E*) of WMA. This study might help in reducing the cost of laboratory experiments for the determination of the dynamic modulus (E*).

scholarly journals Model Development for the Prediction of the Resilient Modulus of Warm Mix Asphalt

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-713
Author(s):  
Huda Mahdi Saleh ◽  
Amjad H. Albayati
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Recoverable Strain ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Experimental Part

Increasing material prices coupled with the emission of hazardous gases through the production and construction of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) has driven a strong movement toward the adoption of sustainable construction technology. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is considered relatively a new technology, which enables the production and compaction of asphalt concrete mixtures at temperatures 15-40 °C lower than that of traditional hot mix asphalt. The Resilient modulus (Mr) which can be defined as the ratio of axial pulsating stress to the corresponding recoverable strain, is used to evaluate the relative quality of materials as well as to generate input for pavement design or pavement evaluation and analysis. Based on the aforementioned preface, it is possible to conclude that there is a real need to develop a predictive model for the resilient modulus of the pavement layer constructed using WMA. Within the experimental part of this study, 162 cylindrical specimens of WMA were prepared with dimensions of 101.6 mm in diameter and 63.5 mm in thickness. The specimens were subjected to the indirect tension test by pneumatic repeated loading system (PRLS) to characterize the resilient modulus. The test conditions (temperature and load duration) as well as mix parameters (asphalt content, filler content and type, and air voids) are considered as variables during the specimen’s preparation. Following experimental part, the statistical part of the study includes a model development to predict the Mr using Minitab vs 17 software. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.964 for the predicted model which is referred to a very good relation obtained. The Mr value for the WMA is highly affected by the temperature and moderately by the load duration, whereas the mix parameters have a lower influence on the Mr.

Investigation of Moisture Susceptibility of Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixes through Laboratory Mechanical Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 2295 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Gong ◽  
Mingjiang Tao ◽  
Rajib B. Mallick ◽  
Tahar El-Korchi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Creep Compliance ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Conditioning Process ◽  
Damage Indicators

Moisture can lead to serious damage and failures in hot-mix asphalt concrete pavements. This is an even greater concern for warm-mix asphalt because the much lower production temperatures may not completely dry the aggregates. In this Maine Department of Transportation study, the use of fracture energy parameters was evaluated to determine the influence of incomplete drying of mixes on their mechanical properties. Fracture energy–based parameters [energy ratio (ER); ratio of energy ratio (RER)] were determined from the following testing of mixes with fully and partially dried aggregates, some of which were subjected to moisture conditioning: resilient modulus, creep compliance, and indirect tensile strength (ITS) at 5°C. The results indicate that (a) resilient modulus, creep compliance, and ITS were all affected by the presence of moisture in mixes; (b) the trend and the degree of influence of moisture for different mechanical parameters were different; (c) the moisture conditioning process caused larger decreases in modulus and ITS values than did incomplete drying of aggregates; however, the same moisture conditioning process caused much larger decreases in modulus and ITS in mixes prepared with incompletely dried aggregates than did the counterparts prepared with fully dried aggregates; and (d) fracture energy–based parameters (ER and RER) appeared to be more-distinctive moisture effect and damage indicators than are the other parameters.

Preliminary Evaluation of Field Aging Characteristic of Warm Mix Asphalt

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Hsien Yang ◽  
Anthony Keita
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Indirect Tensile Test ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Indirect Tensile

This study is aimed at evaluating the rate of long-term aging of WMA compared to conventional hot-mix-asphalt (HMA). A test section with recorded traffic and weather information was designated in this study. Field cores of two WMAs and one conventional HMA were taken from the field periodically. Both mix and binder properties of retrieved were measured in the laboratory. The resilient modulus and indirect tensile test were performed to characterize mixture properties. The rheological properties of extracted binder were measured by the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) in order to obtain the complex shear modulus (G*) as well as the phase angle (δ) of binder with and without the WMA additives.

Short-Loading-Time Stiffness from Creep, Resilient Modulus, and Strength Tests Using Superpave Indirect Tension Test

1998 ◽  
Vol 1630 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Roque ◽  
William G. Buttlar ◽  
Byron E. Ruth ◽  
Stephen W. Dickison
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Indirect Tension ◽  
Indirect Tension Test

The Superpave indirect tension (IDT) system was modified to determine the short-loading-time stiffness of asphalt mixtures from resilient modulus, creep, and strength tests. The idea was not only to provide a more accurate method to determine the resilient modulus, but also to determine whether reasonable measures of short-loading-time stiffness could be obtained from tests that provide other properties and thereby minimize the amount of testing needed to characterize asphalt mixtures. It was found that even when evaluated at very short loading times, the stiffnesses determined from the different tests were significantly different. Detailed evaluation indicated that the differences can be explained by the differences in loading rates between the tests. In general, stiffnesses from the different tests all appeared to be reasonable and followed the same trend. However, since the rheological behavior of asphalts and mixtures varies, stiffnesses from different tests were not directly related. Therefore, although the interpretation methods developed in this study for creep and strength tests appear to provide a reasonable alternative to the resilient or dynamic modulus, the short-loading-time stiffnesses determined from these tests are not directly comparable with the resilient or dynamic modulus or with each other. The work illustrates the sensitivity of stiffness to relatively small changes in loading rate and other variables, which emphasizes the need to precisely define load pattern, load level, and data interpretation methods to determine asphalt mixture stiffness at short loading times.

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