A Descriptive Analysis of Gender-Based Promotion Factors in Transportation Agencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Rouhanizadeh ◽  
Sharareh Kermanshachi
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Transportation Agencies

scholarly journals A139 CANADIAN GASTROENTEROLOGY CAREER PATHWAY EXPERIENCES: A GENDER DIVIDE UNDER EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
N Jawaid ◽  
M Boctor ◽  
J Lomonaco ◽  
N Bollegala
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Paper Copy ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Career Pathway ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background The number of Canadian gastroenterologists has been on the rise in the last 20 years but female representation has stayed disproportionately low (30%). Gastroenterology has remained a male dominated subspecialty despite research showing as early as 1990’s that systemic gender-based barriers exist. Aims To determine whether GI career profiles differ between male and female gastroenterologists and understand barriers to career advancement related to gender in order to help shape future interventions to counteract these issues. Methods A 51-question survey was disseminated to gastroenterologists practicing in Canada. Using provincial College of Physicians and Surgeons websites, an electronic survey was sent to GIs with email addresses and a paper copy to those with fax numbers. The Canadian Association of Gastroenterology sent our survey link in their September 2019 membership email. The survey included questions pertaining to personal, professional, financial and practice characteristics of participants. Data was analyzed using SAS statistical program, and descriptive analysis with 95% confidence intervals was used to compare proportions of men and women. Nonparametric tests were used for continuous data. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied for short answer responses. Results Total 98 responses received (14.7% response rate) with 35% female respondents. Majority had adult, urban practices (86%) but males reported significantly more endoscopy time (42% v. 30%) vs. females who spent more time on research (23% v. 10%). Men were more likely to be married and have children than females. Women were more likely to not only have to choose between their marriage and their career, but more chose marriage compared to men specifically taking time off for maternity or childcare needs. Men were more likely to leave childcare predominantly to their spouse whereas women were more likely to share responsibility of childcare with spouse and hired help. Even after adjusting for age, males earned a significantly higher income than females (>$100,000 difference). 40% of men reported a salary over $600,000, compared to only 4% of women. Several gender-based biases were cited by females during their staff GI career: receiving less recognition for their work, challenging relationships with senior colleagues and support staff, inferior promotion opportunity, more difficulty publishing research and having their competency challenged by peers. Conclusions This survey shows that there are still many differences in the Canadian GI career pathway experience based on gender. Female GIs are disproportionately negatively affected in their clinical and academic practices, renumeration and work-life balance. Understanding these disparities is the first step towards remedying gender inequality in GI workplace culture. Funding Agencies None

The Dating Violence Questionnaire: Validation of the Cuestionario de Violencia de Novios Using a College Sample From the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier López-Cepero ◽  
Humberto Eduardo Fabelo ◽  
Luis Rodríguez-Franco ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Validation ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Victimization Experience

This study provides psychometric information for the Dating Violence Questionnaire (DVQ), an instrument developed to assess intimate partner victimization among adolescents and youths. This instrument, an English version of Cuestionario de Violencia de Novios, assesses both frequency and discomfort associated with 8 types of abuse (detachment, humiliation, sexual, coercion, physical, gender-based, emotional punishment, and instrumental).Participant included 859 U.S. students enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses in a mid-Atlantic university (M = 19 years; SD = 1.5 years). One-third of the participants were males, and two-thirds were females. Regarding racial identity, around 55% of participants identified themselves as White, 22% as African American, 12% as Asian, whereas 11% selected other identities. Around 9% of participants identified themselves as Hispanic.Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the DVQ achieved adequate goodness-of-fit indexes for the original eight-factor model (χ2/df <5; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] <.080), as well as higher parsimony when compared to simpler alternative models. The 8 scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency indexes (α > .700), surpassing those found in the original Spanish validation. Descriptive analysis suggests higher victimization experience on subtle aggressions (detachment, coercion, and emotional punishment), with overt abuses (physical, instrumental) obtaining the smallest means; these findings were similar across gender, race identity, and ethnicity. Results of this validation study encourage the inclusion of DVQ in both research and applied contexts.

scholarly journals Keadilan Jender dan Sanksi atas Istri dalam Hukum Formal Keluarga Islam

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Gender Based

The objective of this research is to prove that regulations on the imposition of sanctions from gender based justice perspective has yet to bring justice. In addition, regulations concerning sanction charge are still accommodating pro- visions set forth in fiqh laws. In practice, judges have toiled on women protec- tion; however, as long as the regulations remain unchanged, justice for women cant be truly upheld. This issue has actually sparred discrepancies among scholars. This research focuses on the exploration of some issues, such as in what do- mestic issues women of Islamic family will be liable for sanctions and how such sanctions will be analyzed from gender based justice perspective. This research found out that there is equality in Islamic law. It can be seen from the sanctions charged to women in the case of nushuz, divorce, and khuluk even though, in reality, there are some decisions made by Religious Court, which do not reflect justice values especially for women if it is reviewed from gender perspective in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative study corroborated with descriptive analysis based on textual reviews. Methods adopted for this re- search is that of normative legal research.Kata Kunci: Kekerasan, Nushuz, kesetaraan, keadilan, jender

scholarly journals Generation, Gender and Knowledge Gap in Agrobiodiversity Among Smallholders in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Deepak Upadhya ◽  
Bishnu Dhakal ◽  
Rajeev Dhakal ◽  
Devendra Gauchan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The importance of generation-old local knowledge in advancing agriculture is well recognized worldwide. However, such knowledge is continually eroding together with the extinction of locally evolved genetic materials. Consequently, the knowledge gap between different age groups is widening. The knowledge gap is also widening between male and female due to continuous shift in gender roles in agriculture. Using responses collected from 120 male and female farmers from Bara, the lowland Terai of Nepal, we assessed inter-generational and gender-based knowledge gap of smallholders on agricultural biodiversity by taking rice crop as an example. Based on the standard definition of younger and older generation, the age group was divided into two: &le; 34 (15-34) years old and &gt; 34 years old. Information was collected on: i) rice varieties recalled by respondents, ii) rice varieties recognized by observing standing crop on-farm, iii) rice varieties recognized by observing seed samples, and iv) respondent&rsquo;s experiences and knowledge about selected cultivars. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and Pearson&rsquo;s Correlation were used to analyze the data. Respondents of age group &gt; 34 years old named and identified significantly (p &lt; 0.01) more varieties than age group &le; 34 in overall, indicating that the older generation is more knowledgeable and the knowledge hasn&rsquo;t been adequately inherited to younger generations resulting in the erosion of knowledge. Similarly, males are significantly more knowledgeable than females in overall and among the higher age group category (p &lt; 0.01), likely because males from Madhesi community have wider social networks both within and outside their villages than females. Females are more knowledgeable than males in the lower age group category because girls are engaged more in household chores and farming activities, while boys attain higher grades and travel for off-farm jobs. There was a strong correlation among the three techniques, namely, naming, recognizing standing crops, and recognizing the seeds (p &lt; 0.01). This suggests that all the techniques are robust and can be interchangeably used for such type of studies depending on time and resource availability. This study finally infers that proper knowledge transfer is necessary to reduce the gulf of the knowledge gap between males and females as well as between generations if agrobiodiversity is to be conserved and utilized for growth and development of agriculture in the long run.

scholarly journals Trends of Injuries due to Gender Based Violence, Uganda, 2012 – 2016, a retrospective descriptive analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Biribawa ◽  
Rebecca Nuwemastiko ◽  
Frederick Oporia ◽  
Ezekiel Baguma ◽  
Lilian Bulage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based

scholarly journals Factors associated with experiencing sexual violence among female gender-based violence survivors in conflict-afflicted eastern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Capasso ◽  
Halyna Skipalska ◽  
Sally Guttmacher ◽  
Natalie G. Tikhonovsky ◽  
Peter Navario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Psychosocial Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background Since 2014, over 1.6 million people have been forcibly displaced by the conflict in eastern Ukraine. In 2014, 8% of reproductive-aged women in Ukraine had ever experienced sexual violence, compared to 5% in 2007. This increase was driven by non-domestic sexual violence. Our study examined characteristics of women in eastern Ukraine receiving psychosocial services following sexual violence compared to survivors of other forms of gender-based violence. Methods Intake data collected between February 2016 and June 2017 by psychosocial service providers in five conflict-affected areas of Ukraine from women, aged 15–49, (N = 8525), was analyzed. Descriptive analysis and covariate adjusted logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to identify socioeconomic, incident and access to services factors associated with having experienced sexual violence compared to other forms of violence. Results Among this sample of survivors receiving psychosocial services, 2.6% (n = 220) reported experiencing sexual violence. A majority of sexual violence acts reported were committed by non-domestic perpetrators (61.4%); followed by intimate partners (25.9%). Almost half of sexual violence cases occurred at home (49.1%). Experiencing sexual violence was positively associated with being younger, single and internally displaced, and negatively with engaging in unpaid labor, such as childcare. Women who experienced sexual violence delayed seeking care by 4 days compared to other gender-based violence survivors. Sexual violence survivors were less likely than physical violence survivors to have reported the incident prior to receiving care (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.28–0.54). Conclusions Non-domestic and intimate partner sexual violence were both prevalent in our sample. Compared to survivors disclosing other types of gender-based violence, sexual violence survivors appear to face unique barriers to reporting and accessing timely care. Prevention and outreach programs tailored to the specific vulnerabilities, such as displacement status, and needs of sexual violence survivors in conflict settings are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Study of Interactive and Interactional Metadiscourse Markers in Conclusion Sections of English Master Theses

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Zahra Rezaei Zadeh ◽  
Roya Baharlooei ◽  
Shahla Simin
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
English Translation ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Interpersonal Model

The aim of this study is to seek two types of interpersonal model of Hyland (2005) used in conclusion sections of 30 Master Theses of English Teaching, English Literature, and English Translation written by male and female graduate students. These conclusion sections were categorized into two groups of male and female writers: 15 conclusion sections belonged to male writers and other 15 conclusion sections belonged to female writers. The interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers were counted and analyzed to find if male or female writers utilize these metadiscourse markers differently or similarly in conclusion sections of English disciplines (Translation, Teaching, and Literature). These metadiscourse markers were analyzed descriptively and referentially. The descriptive analysis show that both male and female writers in Translation, Teaching and Literature applied more interactional markers than interactive ones. In Translation and Teaching, female writers used more interactional resources comparing to male writers. But, in Literature, male writers employed more interactional markers than female writers. The referential statistics indicate that in English Translation and English Literature, there are significant differences between male and female writers concerning use of Interactive and Interactional metadiscourse Markers, while in English Teaching, there are not any significant differences between male and female writers regarding use of these metadiscourse Markers.

scholarly journals A Gender based Analysis of Awareness Level and Willingness regarding Islamic Banking Products and Services: An Evidence from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (101) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Shagufta Naveed ◽  
Muzammil Khurshid ◽  
Muhammad Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Awareness Level

The objective of this study is to check the gender-wise awareness level and willingness regarding products and services of Islamic Banking in Pakistan. Islamic banking means a system in which banking operations and activities are defined by Islamic Jurisprudence.As Pakistan is a Muslim majority country, it is important to analyze the awareness level about Islamic Banking products and services. By using random sampling, a questionnaire was distributed to 300 men and women respondents from different cities of Pakistan to collect data. This study employed descriptive analysis and independent t-test to analyze the results.The study concluded that there is a lack of awareness of Islamic Banking products and services in both men and women.The study found that women exhibited a low level of awareness but they are more willing to move towards Islamic Banking products and services if the management of Islamic Banks properly guides and explains them the attributes of Islamic Banking products and services because they are keen toward religion as compared with men.

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