Development of Multilayer Analyzer Array Detectors for X-ray Fluorescence at the Third Generation Synchrotron Source

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Third Generation ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Array Detectors

scholarly journals X-ray laser–induced electron dynamics observed by femtosecond diffraction from nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. e1601186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Abbey ◽  
Ruben A. Dilanian ◽  
Connie Darmanin ◽  
Rebecca A. Ryan ◽  
Corey T. Putkunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The One

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver x-ray pulses with a coherent flux that is approximately eight orders of magnitude greater than that available from a modern third-generation synchrotron source. The power density of an XFEL pulse may be so high that it can modify the electronic properties of a sample on a femtosecond time scale. Exploration of the interaction of intense coherent x-ray pulses and matter is both of intrinsic scientific interest and of critical importance to the interpretation of experiments that probe the structures of materials using high-brightness femtosecond XFEL pulses. We report observations of the diffraction of extremely intense 32-fs nanofocused x-ray pulses by a powder sample of crystalline C60. We find that the diffraction pattern at the highest available incident power significantly differs from the one obtained using either third-generation synchrotron sources or XFEL sources operating at low output power and does not correspond to the diffraction pattern expected from any known phase of crystalline C60. We interpret these data as evidence of a long-range, coherent dynamic electronic distortion that is driven by the interaction of the periodic array of C60 molecular targets with intense x-ray pulses of femtosecond duration.

Certification of Standard Reference Material 1976B

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Black ◽  
Donald Windover ◽  
Marcus H. Mendenhall ◽  
Albert Henins ◽  
James Filliben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Line Position ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Relative Peak Intensity

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certifies a suite of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to address specific aspects of the performance of X-ray powder diffraction instruments. This report describes SRM 1976b, the third generation of this powder diffraction SRM. SRM 1976b consists of a sintered alumina disc, approximately 25.6 mm in diameter by 2.2 mm in thickness, intended for use in the calibration of X-ray powder diffraction equipment with respect to line position and intensity as a function of 2θ-angle. The sintered form of the SRM eliminates the effect of sample loading procedures on intensity measurements. Certified data include the lattice parameters and relative peak intensity values from 13 lines in the 2θ region between 20° and 145° using CuKα radiation. A NIST-built diffractometer, incorporating many advanced and unique design features was used to make the certification measurements.

Structure of Glass and Liquid Studied with a Conical Nozzle Levitation and Diffraction Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 2012-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akitoshi Mizuno ◽  
Shinji Kohara ◽  
Seiichi Matsumura ◽  
Masahito Watanabe ◽  
J.K.R. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Conical Nozzle ◽  
Atomic Configuration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
The Third

Two topics are described for structure analyses of glass and liquid using a combination of conical nozzle levitation (CNL) technique and diffraction experiments. The structure of high-purity bulk forsterite (Mg2SiO4) glass synthesized by a CNL technique has been determined by a combination of high-energy x-ray, neutron diffraction, and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling technique. The 3-dimensional atomic configuration derived from RMC modeling revealed that unusual network structure. In order to study structures of high-temperature and undercooled liquids, a CNL system has been developed and integrated with the two-axis diffractometer for glass, liquid, and amorphous materials at SPring-8, which is one of the third-generation synchrotron source. High-energy x-ray diffraction experiments were performed to obtain reliable diffraction data for the liquid phase of metallic glass-forming Zr-Cu binary alloys.

scholarly journals Physical sciences at Diamond: past achievements and future opportunities

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2036) ◽  
pp. 20130150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. McMorrow
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Personal View ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Uk

The start of user operation at the Diamond Light Source in January 2007 marks a major milestone for the physical sciences in the UK. The routine delivery to the UK community of ultra-bright X-ray beams from the third-generation source has provided us with capabilities that were available previously only at international sources, and indeed has created some that are unique. Here, a personal view is given of some of the achievements to date, and possible future opportunities outlined.

scholarly journals Розбіжності комп’ютерно-томографічних параметрів верхньощелепних пазух між здоровими і хворими на гнійний гайморит юнаками або чоловіками Поділля

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. Я Школьнік ◽  
І. В Гунас ◽  
Ю. В Кириченко
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Computer Tomographic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anthropometric Indexes ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Spiral Computer Tomography ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

РОЗБІЖНОСТІ КОМП’ЮТЕРНО-ТОМОГРАФІЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ВЕРХНЬОЩЕЛЕПНИХ ПАЗУХ МІЖ ЗДОРОВИМИ І ХВОРИМИ НА ГНІЙНИЙ ГАЙМОРИТ ЮНАКАМИ АБО ЧОЛОВІКАМИ ПОДІЛЛЯ - Метою дослідження було встановити відмінності комп’ютерно-томографічних параметрів верхньощелепних пазух (ВЩП) між здоровими і хворими на гострий гнійний гайморит (ГГГ) юнаками або чоловіками Поділля з урахуванням і без урахування краніотипу. На базі НДЦВНМУ імені М. І. Пирогова було проведено антропологічне обстеження 45 юнаків віком від 18 до 21 року, хворих на ГГГ, та 55 чоловіків віком від 22 до 25 років, хворих на ГГГ у третьому поколінні мешканців Подільського регіону України. З бази даних НДЦ ВНМУ імені М. І. Пирогова взято первинні антропометричні показники 136 практично здорових юнаків і 72 чоловіків аналогічного хворим юнакам і чоловікам віку, також у третьому поколінні мешканців Поділля. Комп’ютерно-томографічне дослідження ВЩП виконувалося на спіральному рентгенівському комп’ютерному томографі “ELscint Select SP”. Статистичну обробку морфометричних показників ВЩП проведено в ліцензійному статистичному пакеті “STATISTICA 6.1” з використанням непараметричних методів оцінки отриманих результатів. Доведено, що найбільш виражені розбіжності досліджуваних розмірів встановлені між відповідними групами здорових і хворих на ГГГ юнаків без урахування краніотипу та між відповідними групами здорових і хворих на ГГГ чоловіка- ми-брахіцефалами.<br />РАЗЛИЧИЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНО-ТОМОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЕРХНЕЧЕЛЮСТНЫХ ПАЗУХ МЕЖДУ ЗДОРОВЫМИ И БОЛЬНЫМИ ГНОЙНЫМ ГАЙМОРИТОМ ЮНОШАМИ ИЛИ МУЖЧИНАМИ ПОДОЛЬЯ - Цель исследования - установить отличия компьютерно-томографических параметров верхнечелюстных пазух (ВЧП) между здоровыми и больными острым гнойным гайморитом (ОГГ) юношами или мужчинами Подолья с учетом и без учета краниотипа. На базе НИЦ ВНМУ имени Н. И. Пирогова было проведено антропологическое обследование 45 юношей в возрасте от 18 до 21 года, больных ОГГ, и 55 мужчин в возрасте от 22 до 25 лет, больных ОГГ, в третьем поколении жителей Подольского региона Украины. С базы данных НИЦ ВНМУ имени Н. И. Пирогова взяты первичные антропометрические показатели 136 практически здоровых юношей и 72 мужчин аналогичного больным юношам и мужчинам возраста, также в третьем поколении жителей Подолья. Компьютерно-томографическое исследование ВЧП проводили на спиральном рентгеновском компьютерном томографе “ELscint Select SP”. Статистическая обработка морфометрических показателей ВЧП проведена в лицензионном статистическом пакете “STATISTICA 6.1” с использованием непараметрических методов оценки полученных результатов. Доказано, что наиболее выраженные различия исследуемых размеров установлены между соответствующими группами здоровых и больных ОГГ юношей без учета краниотипа и между соответствующими группами здоровых и больных ОГГ мужчинами-брахицефалами.<br />DIFFERENCES OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PARAMETERS OF MAXILLARY SINUS BETWEEN HEALTHY AND PATIENTS WITH PURULENT SINUSITIS YOUTHS OR MEN OF PODILLYA - Aim of our work - set computer-tomographic differences parameters of maxillary sinuses (MS) between healthy and sick with acute purulent sinusitis (APS) boys or men of Podillya with and without craniotypes. Based on SRC VNMU by Pyrohov was conducted anthropological<br />examination of 45 patients with APS boys aged from 18 to 21 years, and 55 patients with APS men aged from 22 to 25 years, in the third generation residents of Podillya region of Ukraine. From the data base of the SRC VNMU by Pyrohov were taken initial anthropometric indexes of 136 practically healthy boys and 72 male patients of similar age boys and men, and in the third generation residents of Podillya. Computer-tomographic study of MS was carried out on spiral computer tomography X-ray “ELscint Select SP”. Statistical analysis of morphometric parameters of MS held in licensed statistical package “STATISTICA 6.1” using nonparametric methods for assessing the results. It is proved that the most pronounced differences of the studied sizes are set between the relevant groups of healthy and sick boys with APS excluding craniotypes and between the respective groups of healthy and sick men with APS brachycephal.<br />Ключові слова: морфометрія, краніотип, здорові юнаки та чоловіки, хворі на гострий гнійний гайморит, комп'ютерна томографія, верхньощелепна пазуха.<br />Ключевые слова: морфометрия, краниотип, здоровые юноши и мужчины, больные острым гнойным гайморитом, компьютерная томография, верхнечелюстная пазуха.<br />Key words: morphometry, craniotype, healthy boys and men, patients with acute purulent sinusitis, computed tomography, maxillary sinus.

Comparative XRD and Microstructure Analysis on Biodegradable Mg-Si-Ca Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Istrate ◽  
Carmen Iulia Crimu ◽  
Sergiu Stanciu ◽  
Bogdan Oprisan ◽  
Corneliu Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ca Addition ◽  
Polyhedral Shape ◽  
Si Addition ◽  
Scanning Electron

Biodegradable materials are considered to be the third generation of biomaterials. The aim of these biodegradable alloys is to provide healing and tissue regeneration of the bone. In recent years new types of BM, such as Mg-Si-Ca based alloys were developed and are considered promising candidates for implant materials during a limited time. The effect of Si and Ca addition on pure magnesium alloy has been investigated. The results showed the formation of an intermetallic compound Mg2Si. Morphology of this compound changed to polyhedral shape with increasing Si addition over 3wt%. The purpose of this paper is to investigate morphological and XRD aspects of casted pure Mg and Mg-XSi-YCa (X – 1.5wt%, 5wt%, 10wt% / Y-0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%) by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

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