Diversity of chloroplast genome among local clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao, L.) from Central Sulawesi

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nengah Suwastika ◽  
Nurul Aisyah Pakawaru ◽  
Rifka ◽  
Rahmansyah ◽  
Muslimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals Pod Characteristics of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Related to Cocoa Pod Borer Resistance (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyu Soesilo ◽  
Surip Mawardi ◽  
Witjaksono , ◽  
Woerjono Mangoendidjojo
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Series Study ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Criteria For Selection

AbstractThe characteristics of pod related to cocoa pod borer resistance (CPB, Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.) had been identified in a series study. This research has objective to evaluate performance of the characteristics using more diverse of genetic background to select criteria for selection. Genetic materials for this study were 25 cocoa clones which be planted in Central Sulawesi for resistant evaluation. Field evaluation of the resistance were assessed using the variable of the percentage of unextractable bean, number of entry and exit hole larvae by which the clones were grouped into 5 groups of resistance. A laboratory works were carried out to assess pod characteristics based on the number of trichome, granule of tannin and thickness the lignified-tissue of sclerotic layer using micro-technique method at the different level of pod maturity (3.0; 3.5; 4.0 months). Correlation between groups of those variables was analyzed using Canonical Correlation. The analysis performed a positive association between the thickness of sclerotic layer at the secondary furrow with the number of entry holes and the number of entry holes through sclerotic layer. The thickness performed a higher value of the coefficient in association with the variables of canonical for pod characteristics (0.59; 0.55; 0.43) and the variables of canonical for CPB resistance (0.54; 0.51; 0.39) that would presenting the characteristics of pod related to CPB resistance. Lignification at sclerotic layer was considered as genotypic expressions due to the thickness at the secondary furrow at 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 months of pod maturity performed high value of broad-sense heritability i.e. 0.75, 0.89 and 0.92 respectively. A qualitative assessment of the lignification clearly differentiate the resistant clones (ARDACIAR 10) with the susceptible clones (ICCRI 04, KW 516 and KW 564).Key words : cocoa pod borer, Theobroma cacao L., pod characteristics, resistance

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi on Cocoa Plant (Theobroma cacao L.) and Antagonist Activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Zaedar A. Rosmana ◽  
T. Kuswinanti Nasaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Anthracnose disease which is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungi becomes a resistor factor in cocoa production. Infect on young leaves creates leaf blight, consequently those leaves can die completely or only several parts starting from leaf blade and then fall, but infection at mature leaves spots appear in random border form and leave hole in the same location. Branches with infected leaves will experience die back and look like a broom, in the other side, infection at young fruit turns fruit to be dried and wrinkled while at mature fruits showed dried and rotten tips. This research is aimed at finding potential endophytic fungi from cocoa plant that can resist the growth of pathogenic fungi, C. gloeosporioides which cause anthracnose on cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L). Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi on cocoa plant from Banggai district in Central Sulawesi results showed 10 isolates of endopphytic fungi: 2 isolates from leaves organ isolation; 4 isolates from stem; and 4 isolates from fruit pod. They both identified morphologically and macroscopically and found to have similarity to Trichoderma sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergilus sp that has resistance capability against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colony through antagonist mechanism marked by the presence of resistance zone. Trichodermasp demonstrated the highest percentage at isolate G in 56,92%.

scholarly journals Genotyping Based on SSR Marker on Local Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) from Central Sulawesi

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nengah Suwastika ◽  
Muslimin ◽  
Rifka ◽  
Nurul Aisyah ◽  
Rahmansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

PENGAMATAN GEJALA INFEKSI Phytophthora palmivora PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BUSUK BUAH PADA KAKAO

Biocelebes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Nurfianti ◽  
Umrah
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Phytophthora palmivora is a patogen fungi causing pod rot disease in cacao plants. Thr researchof effectivity examination of biopesticide (active ingredient Aspergillus sp.) againts the growth of P. Palmivora in  cacao pod (Theobroma cacao L.) by in vivo state was conducted from March 2018 to September 2018. This research was carried out in Sidondo Village, Dolo Subdistrict, Sigi Biromaru District, Central Sulawesi Province and Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculity of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University. This study was aimed to determine an effective biopesticide (active ingredient Aspergillus sp.) which suppresses the growth of P. Palmivora in  cacao pod by in vivo state and to stipulate the most affective  biopesticide concentration (active ingredient Aspergillus sp.) in suppressing the growth of of P. Palmivora in  cacao pod by in vivo state. This This research was by using the methods of Group Random Design  (GRD) or Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) consisting of six treatmentsand four repetitions. The observation parameters consist of symptoms of disease, the lenght of infection spots, the infection persentage of P. Palmivora, microscopic observations, in the microscopic of P. Palmivora. The results showed that the biopesticide (active ingredient Aspergillus sp.) was varified as effective in controlling P. Palmivora drawing the rot disease bin cacao plants, by the absent of any symptoms of infection P1,P2,P3,P4 dan P5 treatments. The only treatments in which was infected by P. Palmivora , drawing the rot disease in cacao plants, was P0 with the occurence time of infection symptoms was in the third day after inoculation, the average lenght of infection spots was 8,65 cm and the average infection persentage was 11,60%.

scholarly journals Morphological variability and taxonomic affinity of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Rarastyan Arum Widaysary ◽  
Ratna Susandarini
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Affinity ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most important export commodities of Indonesia, with Sulawesi becomes the largest cocoa production centers in Indonesia. Since the majority cocoa production comes from Sulawesi Island, there is high diversity of cocoa clones cultivated in this area. The objective of this study was to explore morphological variability and to assess taxonomic affinity of cocoa clones cultivated by smallholder farmers in four districts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nineteen cocoa clones from the districts of Sigibiromaru, Palolo, South Parigi and Sausu were used in this study. Fourteen morphological characters of leaves, fruits, and beans were examined. Cluster analysis were done to determine taxonomic affinity between the clones. Results of this study indicated that there was high morphological variability, mainly in fruit or pod characters. Cluster analysis on 14 morphological characters resulted in the grouping of the clones into two main clusters. The grouping of cocoa clones did not correspond to the geographical origin of samples. It is concluded that taxonomic affinity was determined by similarities of morphology, especially fruit and bean characters.

Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽  
Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo.  No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE AMÊNDOAS E QUALIDADE DE LIQUOR DE CACAU (Theobroma cacao L.) SUPERIOR BAHIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Melo Neto ◽  
E.A. Carvalho ◽  
D.L.N. Mello ◽  
A.C. Anjos ◽  
A.C.R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L
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