Locational Avoidance by Nonmetropolitan Industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Norcliffe ◽  
T Zweerman Bartschat
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Flexible Accumulation ◽  
Area North ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Capital Intensive

The concept of locational avoidance is applied to the process of nonmetropolitan industrialisation by means of a periodisation involving two phases of locational avoidance. During the phase of Fordist mass production, certain labour-intensive industries decentralised to low-wage non-metropolitan areas to avoid locating close to other firms where there was a danger of wages subsequently being bid up. In the present phase, characterised by a tendency towards flexible accumulation, a new wave of more capital-intensive industries has sought out nonmetropolitan areas, again displaying a pattern of locational avoidance, but mainly in order to retain the human capital invested in their skilled labour force. This second dispersed arrangement of industry stands in stark contrast to the flexible production agglomerations that have been formed elsewhere in new industrial spaces during the same period, even though both were produced under regimes of flexible accumulation. A series of conjectures exploring these ideas is examined in light of the locational behaviour of firms locating in the Georgian Bay nonmetropolitan area north of Toronto.

Resource Reconfiguration in Human-Capital-Intensive Firms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Meyer-Doyle ◽  
John Kenneth Mawdsley ◽  
Olivier Chatain
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Resource Reconfiguration ◽  
Capital Intensive

scholarly journals The Effects of Human Capital by Gender on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahidan Shaari ◽  
Razinda Tasnim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nor Hidayah Harun ◽  
Faiz Masnan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Male Labour

The issue of human capital by gender has been sparsely discussed in previous literature especially male labour force. The contribution of both genders to economic growth has intensified every year. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of human capital by gender on economic growth in Malaysia. Data ranging from 1982 to 2018 were analysed by using the ARDL approach. The results show that higher male labour force participation rates can boost economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Higher female labour force participation rates, on the other hand, can reduce economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Therefore, the government should encourage more male labour to participate in the labour market by giving incentives. More job opportunities should be created for both genders.

scholarly journals Immigrants’ educational credentials leading to employment outcomes: The role played by language skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
María Miyar-Busto ◽  
Fco. Javier Mato Díaz ◽  
Rodolfo Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Educational Credentials

Transferability of human capital is a key issue in the analysis of immigrants’ integration in the destination country, according to both empirical and theoretical literature. In addition to the problem of recognition of immigrants’ educational credentials and their lack of social networks, language is highlighted in the literature as a crucial factor regarding human capital transfer. This paper considers the role played by Spanish language skills in the integration of migrants into the labour market in Spain. It takes advantage of the fact that about half of the immigrant population have Spanish as their native language, and of the diversity levels of fluency in Spanish among the remaining immigrants. Using the Labour Force Survey special module on the labour market situation of immigrants (INE 2015), the research has two purposes: first, to measure the direct effect of language skills on employment outcomes; and second, to analyze the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses regarding the interaction between Spanish language skills and educational credentials as determining factors for employment. The results confirm that skill levels in Spanish have a significant role regarding access to employment. Regarding the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses, interesting gender differences appear that confirm the striking contrasts in the Spanish labour market for female and male immigrants. For men, their level of Spanish acts as a complement to their educational qualifications in helping them to obtain employment, but this is not the case for women. However, female immigrant workers seem to obtain higher employment returns on their educational qualifications than men when it comes to avoiding very low-skilled jobs.

scholarly journals Province-wise Growth Patterns in Human Capital Accumulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabir ◽  
Zehra Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data

It is apparent from various labour force surveys that during the past 20 years Pakistan’s employed labour force has become more “educated”. For instance, according to the Labour Force Survey 1982-83, 28 percent of the employed labour force had attained formal education.12 In comparison, the literate employed labour force in 1999- 2000 is estimated at 46 percent, while the formally educated is 43 percent. However, the pattern of growth in educated labour force is not uniform in all four provinces of the country. A closer look at disaggregated provincial level data reflects the disparity in employed labour force in the four provinces: Punjab, Sind, NWFP, and Baluchistan.

scholarly journals Different Patterns of Labor Market Integration by Migration Motivation in Europe: The Role of Host Country Human Capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Zwysen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labor Market Integration

We study whether the acquisition of host country human capital, such as obtaining equivalent qualifications, good language skills, or naturalization, explains differences in labor market integration between migrants depending on their initial motivation. We use cross-national European data from the 2008 ad hoc module of the Labour Force Survey to analyze migrant gaps in labor market participation, employment, occupational status, and precarious employment. We find that different rates of and returns to host country human capital explain a substantial part of the improvements in labor market outcomes with years of residence, particularly for noneconomic migrants who experience faster growth on average.

The Governance of Human Capital-Intensive Firms

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Cécile Cézanne
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Resource Model ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Specific Human Capital ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Operational Device

For the past 30 years, the organization and functioning of firms have considerably changed, especially with the growing importance of human capital. In parallel, the primacy of the shareholder governance model has maintained. The aim of this chapter is to review the main theoretical and empirical elements of this paradox and to propose a renewed model of firm governance that takes into account the intrinsic nature of critical human capital incorporated by key employees. The chapter shows that the inalienable residual rights of control inherent to specific human capital are inconsistent with traditional disciplinary models of corporate governance. They rather call for a model of regulation of economic power exercising based on work motivation. This original model that the author calls the “multi-resource model” aims to encourage, retain, and collectively enrich critical resources by using an original operational device based on complementary instruments of incentive and coordination.

Knowledge, Firms and University: Labour Force, Human Capital and Ethics

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Masciandaro
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force

scholarly journals Trends in the Distributions of Income and Human Capital within Metropolitan Areas: 1980-2000

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Wheeler ◽  
Elizabeth A. La Jeunesse
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Metropolitan Areas

scholarly journals Crisis, Adjustment and Resilience in the Greek Labor Market: An Unemployment Decomposition Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Monastiriotis ◽  
Angelo Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Decomposition Techniques ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Price Adjustments ◽  
Labor Quality

The crisis in Greece led to one of the largest economic shocks in European history. Drawing on micro-data from the Greek Labour Force Survey, we utilize standard micro-econometric methods and non-linear decomposition techniques to measure the size of the shock exerted on the Greek regional and national labor markets and the compositional and price adjustments in response to this. We find elements of economic dynamism, with some sizeable price adjustments in the economy of the Greek capital, Athens; but overall our results show that compositional adjustments (in labor quality/characteristics) have been partial and limited, becoming stronger only in the more recent recovery. Our results suggest a significant metropolitan advantage with regard to economic resilience, coming predominantly from a more efficient functioning of the labor market in metropolitan areas vis-a-vis other regions. Our use of the decomposition techniques for the analysis of macro-level developments in the labor market offers a novel perspective to the application of the decomposition methodology.

scholarly journals Minimizing the Gap between Expectation and Ability: Strategies for SMEs to Implement Social Sustainability Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyabrata Chowdhury ◽  
Rezaul Shumon
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Mismatch Problem ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sustainability Practices ◽  
Capital Intensive

Traditionally, it is believed that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) do not have enough ability to adopt and persistently practice social sustainability. This is because SMEs are not capital-intensive companies and neither are their returns nor skills. At the same time, the wellbeing of the employees in SMEs cannot be ensured and sustainable development goals cannot be achieved without making SMEs socially sustainable, as they account for the majority of world businesses. Moreover, the expectation of the stakeholders and subsequent pressure on SMEs to practicing social sustainability remains. Such pressure from the stakeholders creates a “mismatch problem” between stakeholders’ expectations and SMEs’ abilities to adopt socially sustainable practices. This study aims to explore what factors are responsible for this “mismatch problem”, and how SMEs can handle this mismatch to be socially sustainable firms. Based on a rigorous literature review, this study reveals that both internal issues, such as a lack of resources and awareness, and external issues, such as the non-existence of a tailored social sustainability standard for SMEs and lack of institutional support, are responsible for this gap. This study develops several propositions that highlight the requirements in various situations and provides strategies outlining the implications for SMEs and their stakeholders to make SMEs socially sustainable. Overall, this study discloses that cooperative support from stakeholders, especially during a disruption such as the COVID-19 pandemic, a finance mechanism, the development of awareness and human capital in SMEs, and a unified standard for SMEs are likely to improve social sustainability practices in SMEs.

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