scholarly journals Generating Settlement Structures: A Method for Urban Planning and Analysis Supported by Cellular Automata

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Koenig ◽  
Christian Bauriedel
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Global And Local

Previous models for the explanation of settlement processes pay little attention to the interactions between settlement spreading and road networks. On the basis of a dielectric breakdown model in combination with cellular automata, we present a method to steer precisely the generation of settlement structures with regard to their global and local density as well as the size and number of forming clusters. The resulting structures depend on the logic of how the dependence of the settlements and the road network is implemented to the simulation model. After analysing the state of the art we begin with a discussion of the mutual dependence of roads and land development. Next, we elaborate a model that permits the precise control of permeability in the developing structure as well as the settlement density, using the fewest necessary control parameters. On the basis of different characteristic values, possible settlement structures are analysed and compared with each other. Finally, we reflect on the theoretical contribution of the model with regard to the context of urban dynamics.

scholarly journals A Cellular Automata Model for Integrated Simulation of Land Use and Transport Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Nuno Pinto ◽  
António P. Antunes ◽  
Josep Roca
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Particle Swarm Algorithm ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
The City

Cellular automata (CA) models have been used in urban studies for dealing with land use change. Transport and accessibility are arguably the main drivers of urban change and have a direct influence on land use. Land use and transport interaction models deal with the complexity of this relationship using many different approaches. CA models incorporate these drivers, but usually consider transport (and accessibility) variables as exogenous. Our paper presents a CA model where transport variables are endogenous to the model and are calibrated along with the land use variables to capture the interdependent complexity of these phenomena. The model uses irregular cells and a variable neighborhood to simulate land use change, taking into account the effect of the road network. Calibration is performed through a particle swarm algorithm. We present an application of the model to a comparison of scenarios for the construction of a ring road in the city of Coimbra, Portugal. The results show the ability of the CA model to capture the influence of change of the transport network (and thus in accessibility) in the land use dynamics.

A New Highway Safety Model Based on Cellular Automata

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2340-2343
Author(s):  
Li Xing Li
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Right ◽  
Energy Conservation Law

With the growth of the total mileage of highway. There is great importance in studying highway safety. At the present time, there are little research on traffic safety with the consideration of the Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule, which requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle. Based on Cellular Automata, this paper constructs a new model of highway safety with the consideration of the particular Rule. To evaluate the safety of the road, the model proposes a new index based on energy conservation law. After the simulation, the result shows the best traffic density to balance the safety and traffic flux is 20.1133veh/km.

Optimization of the characteristic angles of both front and rear McPherson suspensions on a circular track using multi-body numerical simulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (9) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Virzì Mariotti ◽  
G Ficarra
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Roll Motion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Virtual Vehicle ◽  
Circular Track ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Multi Body

The research reported in this paper aims to simulate the road-holding of a virtual vehicle using multi-body simulation to estimate both the contact forces between the tyre and ground and the roll motion when cornering. Furthermore, the effect of the characteristic angles on the variation in the forces of the tyre in contact with the ground is studied to determine optimal values for these angles. Emphasis is placed on an average-class vehicle, of which both the external dimensions and mass are chosen appropriately, with a McPherson suspension mounted on both the front and the rear. The characteristic values of the camber and toe-in angles, in both the front and the rear, are optimized for motion in the curve under constant traction. The results of numerical simulation are compared with results from the theory of stability in the curve (given the vertical configuration of the vehicle).

scholarly journals Vesper: Global and Local Cryo-Em Map Alignment and Database Search using Local Density Vectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 84a
Author(s):  
Genki Terashi ◽  
Xusi Han ◽  
Charles Christoffer ◽  
Siyang Chen ◽  
Daisuke Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Local Density ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Map Alignment ◽  
Global And Local

scholarly journals A statistical model to estimate the local vulnerability to severe weather

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1617-1631
Author(s):  
Tobias Pardowitz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Fire Brigade ◽  
The Road ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Weather Impacts

Abstract. We present a spatial analysis of weather-related fire brigade operations in Berlin. By comparing operation occurrences to insured losses for a set of severe weather events we demonstrate the representativeness and usefulness of such data in the analysis of weather impacts on local scales. We investigate factors influencing the local rate of operation occurrence. While depending on multiple factors – which are often not available – we focus on publicly available quantities. These include topographic features, land use information based on satellite data and information on urban structure based on data from the OpenStreetMap project. After identifying suitable predictors such as housing coverage or local density of the road network we set up a statistical model to be able to predict the average occurrence frequency of local fire brigade operations. Such model can be used to determine potential hotspots for weather impacts even in areas or cities where no systematic records are available and can thus serve as a basis for a broad range of tools or applications in emergency management and planning.

Urban Expansion Simulation of Southeast England Using Population Surface Modelling and Cellular Automata

10.1068/a3520 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1855-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulong Wu ◽  
David Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Surface Modelling ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Transition Rules ◽  
Proper Balance

The question of where to accommodate future urban expansion has become a politically sensitive issue in many regions. Against the backdrop of ‘urban compaction’ policy, this study uses population surface modelling and cellular automata (CA) to conduct an empirical urban growth simulation for Southeast England. This implementation leads to a consideration of the proper balance between the theoretical abstraction of self-organised growth and empirical constraints to land development. Specifically, we use 1991 and 1997 postcode directories to construct population surfaces. From these, the distributions of developed and vacant (rural) land are derived. Development potential is assessed through accessibility surfaces, which are constructed from the travel/commuting time to major London rail termini, to motorway junctions, and to principal settlements. Through investigating the frequencies of land development in relation to the accessibility surfaces, we can begin to understand the distribution of land development in this region. Based on this empirical relationship, the transition rules of a CA simulation of future urban expansion are constructed. In addition, government population projections at the county level are used to constrain simulation to the year 2020. The study demonstrates the utility of empirical CA in urban growth modelling; in particular the importance of empirically informed CA simulation rules in characterising the distribution of land development.

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