US Technology Policies and Their Regional Effects

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Premus
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Smoke Stack ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Technology Policies

This paper contains an examination of the changes in US science and technology policies in response to the recently increasing international competition and worldwide economic restructuring. Although historically these policies have been the responsibility of the Federal Government, in recent years the states and local governments have emerged as important partners in a ‘grass roots’ movement to help bridge the gap between science and industry. The central focus is on overcoming technical, financial, labor market, and community locational barriers to high-technology expansion. The old practice of ‘smoke-stack’ chasing has given way to inward-looking policies that encourage business start-ups and expansions. Key objectives of state and local government policies are to increase the flow of new ideas into the innovation process, to shorten the time for its initial introduction into a new product or process technology, and for a more rapid assimilation of new technology through-out the regional industrial structure.

scholarly journals Mutual Learning in Innovation and Co-Creation Processes: Integrating Technological and Social Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kohlgrüber ◽  
Karina Maldonado-Mariscal ◽  
Antonius Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
End Users ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
The People

New digital solutions are often lacking integration and acceptance by potential users. Therefore, only a small amount of innovative software solutions is really in use. The article describes a co-creation process by integrating end-users and relevant stakeholders right in the beginning in a social innovation process. Within this process, technology is seen as an enabler of innovation getting its relevance from new social practices of the people using it (e.g. working practices). Against the background of EU funded projects conducted by the authors (GT-VET, GREEN STAR, COCOP, and ROBOHARSH) the relevance of mutual learning processes of engineers / researchers / trainers on the one side and end-users / beneficiaries / learners on the other side will become evident. Moreover, new (digital and analogue) skills of employees have been identified as key for a successful digital transformation. Thereby, this article shows a twofold perspective on social innovation in education: new skills demands for employees and mutual learning processes of developers and users/stakeholders. To obtain needed skills, traditional innovation practices have to be changed by setting up a social innovation process. Such a process design has to include stakeholder and user involvement beyond pure feedback on a new technology. Co-creation means that experience, knowledge and ideas of users will be considered to ensure high usability and impact of the new technology framed by organisational and people related measures. In this respect, the innovation process and the innovation itself is much more than technological functionality–it is a contribution to new social practices and performances of the people that innovate and use the technology.

scholarly journals Some Thoughts on Building a Green and Low-Carbon Circular Economy System—Taking Shenzhen as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 943 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Huizhi Zhang ◽  
Siqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
Scientific Decision ◽  
Technology Policies

Abstract The report of the 19th National People’s Congress of China proposed to implement the new development concept, promote green development, and establish a sound economic system for green and low-carbon circular development. As one of the most active coastal cities in China’s economic development, Shenzhen regards the development of green industries as an important measure to promote economic restructuring, emphasizes green innovation in science and technology, and has achieved certain results in green development. However, Shenzhen’s green development also faces problems such as lack of systematic and coordinated development strategies and institutional obstacles. Focusing on the strategic goal of “creating a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics”, the author discussed the governance path of Shenzhen’s construction of a green and low-carbon circular economic system from the perspective of effective governance, and formed a scientific decision-making mechanism, sound laws and regulations, and Countermeasures and suggestions in several aspects, such as the standard system, perfecting economic policies, and promoting the deep integration of science and technology policies and technological innovation.

scholarly journals Land Misallocation and Urban Air Quality in China 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjiang Liu ◽  
Zhuqing Jiang ◽  
Weitao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Construction

Abstract In China, local government's "land for development" strategy has led to a large number of urban construction land allocated to the industrial field, which has promoted the rapid development of industry and economy in the short term, but also brought serious environmental quality losses. This paper systematically sets out how land misallocation works on urban air quality and employs the spatial Durbin model (SDM) to conduct an empirical analysis on the panel data of 283 China's cities at or above the prefecture level. The result shows that, stimulated by financial maximization and political promotion, in order to obtain more fiscal revenue and growth performance, local governments prefer to allocate a large number of urban construction land to industry and related fields, which leads to the underestimation of industrial land price and the misallocation of land resources. Land misallocation has exerted significant inhibiting effects on the air quality of local and their surrounding cities through inhibiting the upgrading of industrial structure. Further analysis reveals that the bigger the city, the less the inhibition effects of land misallocation on upgrading of industrial structure and urban air quality, and vice versa. The conclusions of this paper can provide useful reference for local governments to optimize land allocation, promote economic restructuring and environmental quality upgrading. JEL Classification: R52; E62; P28

A Formula for Success: Research Impacts Realized Because of Strong Industry and Government Collaboration

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Merritt ◽  
Robert Smith
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Research Development ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Pipeline Safety

The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) has built and deployed a consensus-based, collaborative and co-funded research program that is bringing technology to market and helping to strengthen pipeline integrity worldwide. As the principle arbiter of on-shore pipeline safety issues at the federal level PHMSA has aggressively initiated an extensive range of research, development and demonstration projects to make pipelines safer. Significant progress is being accomplished while working with other international administrations, federal agencies, state and local governments, industry partners and academia focused on enhancing pipeline system integrity. This research enterprise is designed to be consistent, predictable and transparent to all stakeholders. Current PHMSA Pipeline Safety R&D Program managed research, development and demonstration (RD&D) projects are producing desired results focused on technologies, enhancing standards and regulations along with providing general knowledge needed to address critical safety and integrity functions. These investments are addressing better diagnostic tools, testing of unpiggable pipes, stronger materials, improved pipeline locating and subsurface mapping, prevention of outside force damage, and leak detection. PHMSA Pipeline Safety R&D Program utilizes consensus building on the technical gaps and challenges for future RD&D through facilitating government and industry pipeline stakeholder’s road mapping efforts. The recent Government/Industry R&D forum confirms progress is being made toward safety and integrity in some areas. However, new challenges seen from the recent construction boom is raising old questions along with new technology challenges with alternative fuels and climate change. This paper will discuss the impacts realized from the execution of PHMSA’s research program to develop technology, strengthen consensus standards and to generate and promote new knowledge since 2002.

On the Science and Technology Innovation in the Macroeconomic Framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 40-41 ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Xia Lu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Technology Policies ◽  
Mode Of Production

Science and technology innovation is the power of enterprise development, since the 1980s, A series of science and technology policies have been formulated according to the needs in different periods. Because the policy varies in different circumstances, science and technology innovation environment, such as social innovation atmosphere, information and service supply still depend on the creation of local authority. Therefore, this paper defines the framework of the technology innovation, takes up the countermeasure of improving local innovation in science and technology, including: create favorable policy environment, and build scientific and technological innovation atmosphere, guide the limited resources, technology intermediary market, so as to coordinate and support local technology innovation and achieve the goal of the coordinate development of the science& technology, economy and society. Technological innovation is the originality of scientific research and technological innovation, refers to the floorboard of creation and application of new technology, new knowledge, new technology, using the new mode of production and management model, and develop new products, improve product quality, provide the new service process. Macro frame is refers to the macro-control of laws, regulations and policies, China national science and technology innovation policy innovation of science and technology is the place where, macro frame to support science and technology innovation in the science and technology to implement national policy.

scholarly journals Study on the Path Optimizing Countermeasures of Hengyang National Innovative City Construction under the Background of Rural Revitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Bu Huabai ◽  
Bu Jiaqi ◽  
Liu Xinyao
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Technology Policies

The construction of a national-level innovative city is an accelerator for rural revitalization, and the promotion of new kinetic energy for the construction of a national-level innovative city in Hengyang is a systematic project. It is necessary to build an urban innovation ecosystem, urban innovation chain system and urban innovation driving factor system with local characteristics based on its own innovative resource conditions. At the same time, we must cherish the entrepreneurial spirit, strengthen the team of high-tech entrepreneurs, continue to adjust the industrial structure in an orderly manner, focus on promoting the technological upgrading of key industries. Hengyang must speed up the improvement of a series of high-quality city construction science and technology policies and build a complete urban science and technology innovation ecosystem, it is necessary to continuously optimize the coordination and promotion mechanism of achievement transformation and industrialization development, and comprehensively promote the construction of a national-level innovative city in Hengyang City, thereby optimizing the path choice of Hengyang national innovative city construction.

Guns on Campus: Surveying a rugged post-Heller/ McDonald landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Magne Lervik
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
Concealed Weapons ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
Academic History ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S

In June 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees an individual the right to keep and bear arms. Two years later, this decision was also made applicable to state and local governments. Today, seven U.S. states have provisions allowing the carrying of concealed weapons on their public senior high school campuses. This article, introduced by a brief comment on the Second Amendment’s legal and academic history, traces several recent developments of legal change. It discusses relevant arguments and attitudes towards guns on campus, and explores issues of future concern for public colleges and universities within the realm of firearms and campus safety.

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