Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 2. Forage quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Full Flowering

The effects of a range of harvesting times and vetch/barley mixture ratios on forage quality were investigated in Mediterranean-type environments at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm, and at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta in Pakistan, during 1994–97. Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown, and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. At NARC, there were significant differences (P < 0·01) in crude protein content, digestible dry matter (DDM), and metabolisable energy (ME) between crop mixture ratios and between different harvest times. Crude protein content in mixtures declined substantially as vetch in the mixtures was replaced with barley. The treatment V75B25 had the highest crude protein content (>1 t/ha), pure barley was least productive (<300 kg/ha), with pure vetch being intermediate in protein yield (700–800 kg/ha). All 3 mixtures of vetch and barley had higher DDM (4-5 t/ha) and ME values of 5–6·5 104 MJ/ha (highest for treatment V75B25) compared with both of the sole crops. DDM and ME in mixtures declined as the proportion of barley in the seed ratio in the mixtures increased, but pure barley had still somewhat more DDM (3·6 t/ha) and ME (43 344 MJ/ha) than pure vetch (3·2 t DDM/ha and 42 035 MJ ME/ha). At AZRC, the same trends as at NARC were observed but with lower yields because of the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures.

Genotype, Environment and Rainfall effects on Vetch Varieties in a Semi-Arid Region

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage production of common vetch in semi-arid Mediterranean regions can be increased by varietal improvement. Dry matter content and crude protein yield were affected by environment more than crude protein content and harvesting date. Forage produced in environments where plants grew quicker was of lower dry matter content, higher crude protein content but of similar weight as forage produced in late environments. Variations in annual rainfall explained 35 to 76% of the total variation in dry matter yield.

scholarly journals Çukurova İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Silajlık Mısır (Zea mays L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Silaj Kalite Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Yasin Korkmaz ◽  
Tugay Ayasan ◽  
Sait Aykanat ◽  
Mustafa Avcı
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties

The research was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute-Hacı Ali location with 4 replications according to the randomized block trial design in 2013-2014. 13 public and 1 private sector maize variety were used as material in the trials. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the maize varieties examined showed statistically significant differences in plant properties, dry grass and silage quality. Average plant height, number of leaves, leaf ratio, stem diameter, number of cob, stem ratio, cob ratio and green grass yield were 249.9 cm, 12.97 plant/piece, 19.24%, 22.08 mm, 0.93 plant/unit, 38.40% and 4,251.57 kg/da respectively. According to the analysis, it was observed that the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, crude ash content, digestible dry matter ratio, crude protein yield, dry matter rate, dry matter yield and hay yield were 8.80%, 34.91%, 59.7%, 7.2%, 61.7%, 993.9 kg/ha, 29.4%, 11,640 kg/ha 12,570 kg/ha in dry grass, respectively. For the silage of varieties, the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, pH, digestible dry matter rate, dry matter ratio, crude protein yield and Fleig score were 8.22%, 29.27%, 50.48%, 3.57, 66.1%, 28.14%, 926 kg/ha and 118.35, respectively. Burak, Sasa 1 and Ada 334 genotypes performed better in terms of green yield per hectare (53,650, 50,290 and 45,630 kg/ha) and dry matter yield (14,710, 12,810 and 12,410 kg/ha). These varieties can be recommended to producers as silage maize varieties under second crop conditions in Çukurova region of Turkey.

Forage quality and use of reforested habitats by snowshoe hares

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2080-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Rogowitz
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Browse Species

The forage quality of habitats associated with mature conifer plantations and the use of these habitats by resident snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) were evaluated. The winter forage of hares was composed of deciduous stems that were predominantly low in protein content and not preferred. The crude protein content of the principal browse species, Viburnum dentatum, was only 4.6–6.4% during winter months. However, snowshoe hares feeding on the low-protein browse maintained their body weight. The intake of protein was maximized by the consumption of stem ends, which compensated for the low-protein forage. Use of habitat by snowshoe hares was closely related to the vegetative cover but did not correlate well with forage availability. Sites preferred by hares had a well-developed overstory (mature spruce) but only sparsely available forage during the winter. Thickets of early-successional deciduous vegetation had high use and contained most of the low-protein browse.

scholarly journals A NEW CULTIVAR OF COMMON VETCH OBSKAYA 16

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
A. V. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Variety Testing

The results of research into the creation of a new cultivar of spring common vetch Obskaya 16 are presented. The work was carried out in the period 2014-2017. The goal was set to create a new earlyripening variety with а high fodder and seed productivity, high protein content, and an even ripening of seeds. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 was created by the method of hybridization on the basis of genetically different and ecologically-distant genotypes with subsequent multiple selection according to the specified parameters from the Kamalinskaya 611 × Novosibirskskaya hybrid populations. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 combines early ripeness with high fodder and seed productivity. The length of the growing season of the new cultivar is, on average, 81 days, which allows for the production of certified seeds annually. During all the years of testing in breeding nurseries, the new cultivar surpassed the standard Kamalinskaya 611 in green mass by 41%, in dry matter by 40%, and in grain by 27%. This cultivar is of mowing type, its average seed yield is 2.43 t/ha, green mass 28 t/ha, dry matter – 5.82 t/ha. The main economic and valuable characteristics of the Obskaya 16 cultivar are as follows: the height of the stem is 85-120 cm, the number of internodes is 19-25, the height of attachment of the lower seed pods is 78 cm. The average number of seed pods per plant is 24, the maximum is 46, the average number of seeds per a seed pod is 7-8. The mass of 1000 seeds is 72.6 g. The colour of the seed coat is mainly black velvet (92%) and brown (8%). Crude protein content is 25.3–30.5%. In 2016 the cultivar of spring common vetch was passed to the state variety testing under the name Obskaya 16. The newly created cultivar surpasses the previously recognized varieties in the region by early ripeness, fodder and seed productivity, as well as high fodder quality.

Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 1. Forage yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Forage Mixtures

To investigate the introduction of vetch/barley forage mixtures with a range of harvesting treatments in the winter season of Mediterranean-type environments, studies were carried out during 1994–97 at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm, and at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta in Pakistan, which has an annual rainfall of around (223 mm). Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. At NARC, there were significant differences (P < 0·01) in dry matter production between crop mixture ratios and between different harvest times. Mixtures of vetch and barley were generally more productive than any of the sole crops, with the yield of the best mixture V75B25 (7·6 t/ha) being almost twice as productive as sole vetch. Productivity at the full flowering stage was lower (5·3 t/ha) than that recorded at maturity (7·0 t/ha) and for the dual-cut pre-flowering harvest treatment (6·2 t/ha). At AZRC, the same trends as at NARC were observed but with lower yields because of the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures. The highest dry matter was obtained with the treatment V75B25 (3·3 t/ha), which was approximately 50% higher in yield than sole vetch or sole barley (around 2 t/ha). Dry matter was highest at the maturity stage (3·2 t/ha) and lowest at the flowering stage (2·3 t/ha), except in the sole vetch crop which was lowest in yield at the pre-flowering stage (2·7 t/ha), implying a minor interaction between seed mixture and harvesting stage.

scholarly journals Dry matter yield, forage quality and persistence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a subtropical environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Callow ◽  
K. F. Lowe ◽  
T. M. Bowdler ◽  
S. A. Lowe ◽  
N. R. Gobius
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Subtropical Environment

The dry matter (DM) yield, plant persistence and forage quality of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were compared in the subtropical environment of southern Queensland, Australia. The field study was conducted under irrigation with pure, nitrogen fertilised stands of 10 commercial tall fescue cultivars (Advance, AU Triumph, Bombina, Cajun, Dovey, Maximise, Midwin, Torpedo, Quantum and Vulcan), 3 experimental cultivars (ITF 97010, ITF 97020 and PWF 29) and Dobson perennial ryegrass. From July 1997, plots were defoliated at 4-week intervals for 3 years. Changes in crude protein content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post-defoliation in October (spring) 1997, January (summer), March (autumn), June (winter) and September (spring) 1998.Some cultivars of irrigated tall fescue were shown to be better adapted to a subtropical environment than perennial ryegrass. After 3 years, cumulative DM yields were in excess of 30 t/ha for Dovey, Quantum, ITF 97010, AU Triumph and Cajun tall fescue compared with 12 t/ha from Dobson perennial ryegrass swards.Plant development had a considerable influence on crude protein content and IVDMD of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass, more so than the length of the regrowth period. As plant tissue matured, the forage quality during spring declined linearly for crude protein content and for IVDMD (1998 only), and declined exponentially for IVDMD during spring (1997), summer, autumn and winter (1998). Quality losses may be minimised if tall fescue cultivars are defoliated every 2–3 weeks during spring and summer and every 3–4 weeks during autumn and winter.

scholarly journals Assesment of Biochemical Forage Quality of Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. saccharatum]

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abdullah Oktem ◽  
Celal Yucel ◽  
Ayse Gulgun Oktem
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

In this study, it was aimed to determine some forage quality characteristics of sweet sorghum genotypes in semi-arid climatic conditions. The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Research was carried out in 2016 and 2017 under Harran Plain second crop conditions, Sanliurfa, Turkey. In the study 21 genotypes of sweet sorghum were used. Crude protein content, crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter digestibility, dry matter consumption, were determined in the study. Significant differences were found between the genotypes for tested characteristics (P≤0.01). According to average of two years, crude protein content ranged from 4.20% (Tracy) to 5.90% (USDA S.Africa), crude ash from 4.44% (Theis) to 6.90% (Topper 76), acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 27.84% (Nebraska sugar) to 36.30% (USDA-Zaire). The highest NDF value was obtained from USDA-Zaire genotype (56.49%) whereas the lowest values were seen at N98 genotype (43.11%). Dry matter digestibility values were between 60.62% (USDA-Zaire) and 67.21% (Nebraska sugar), dry matter consumption between 2.14% and 2.85%. The highest relative feed value was obtained from N98 genotype (148.95) whereas the lowest values were seen at USDA-Zaire genotype (101.00). Net energy values ranged from 1.38 Mcal kg-1 (USDA-Zaire) to 1.50 Mcal kg-1 (Nebraska sugar). Considering the properties examined in terms of feed quality, it was seen that the crude protein content and net energy value was low. But ADF, NDF, digestible dry matter, dry matter consumption and relative feed values were within acceptable levels. Nebraska sugar, Topper 76, N98, Roma, M81E, Tracy and Corina genotypes were found as the best for forage quality in sweet sorghum. It was determined that sweet sorghum can be used as a forage source.

Intercropped Corn-Soyabean Density Studies. II. Yield Composition and Protein

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Putnam ◽  
S. J. Herbert ◽  
A. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Crop Competition

SUMMARYIf corn-soyabean intercrops are to replace corn grown alone, maintenance of yield and improvements in forage quality are important. Total yields and inter-crop competition in corn-soyabean intercropping experiments have been discussed previously (Putnam et al., 1985). In Part II yield composition, components and protein content are presented for intercrops of varying planting patterns and corn densities. Most intercrop patterns produced more forage than sole crops compared at the same yield ratio of corn-soyabean as in the intercrop harvested mixture. At high plant density ear yields in the intercrop were increased while in sole crops they were reduced or unaffected. The increase was a result of an increased number of ears, weight per ear and kernel, and number of kernels per row in the intercrops. Increases in crude protein content over sole crop corn of 11–51% were shown for the various intercrop treatments. Crude protein yields in the intercrops were greater than either sole crop in 1981 and greater than corn and similar to soyabean in 1982, and greater than the crude protein yields expected from an equal planted area of sole crop corn and soyabean in both years. Intercrop forage quality was improved over sole corn both by the addition of protein from soyabean pods and an increased ear: stover ratio of the intercropped corn.

scholarly journals Examination of French bean on organic and conventional farming of Research Centre of Nyíregyháza

2009 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Gyuláné Györgyi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming

This study presents the yield results of some French bean varieties in organic and conventional farming. This study presents the advantage of organic farming in environmental point of view and in nutrition. Sale of organic products is insured, there is solvent demand rather in abroad than in Hungary.In Research Centre of Nyíregyháza had made organic farming since 1994, at present on 74 hectares.In the first trial, variety comparison with 9 yellow podded French beans in organic and conventional farming was conducted. Varieties: Carson, Cherokee, Debreceni sárga, Goldmine, Héliosz, Minidor, Sonesta, Sundance és Unidor. The following parameters were observed: the time of emergence and flowering, number of plants per plot, plant height and flowing green harvest. We weighed yield of the standardized, un-standardized and diseased pod fractions. The results were evaluated statistically with SPSS and Excell softwares.Emergence had all at once, but the plants of organic farming were 5 days earlier at flowering and maturity, than conventional farming.The plants in organic place were more developed than in conventional ones. Emergence was more uniform, the growth and the number of plant were square. Significant difference was not detected in plant height between two places. Most of the varieties examined had better total yield in organic place, than in conventional ones. Deviation depended on variety. ‘Sonesta’ and ‘Debreceni sárga’ had the best yield in both places. Inconventional farming choice can be expanded with ‘Unidor’ and ‘Sundance’. In organic farming choice can be expanded with ‘Minidor’ and ‘Carson’.In both places the Sonesta, Debreceni sárga and Unidor varieties had the most standardized yield per hectare. In organic place Carson variety had good pod yield because it was infected less by diseases.In the another trial we studied inside content values of some varieties on organic and conventional places. The parameters were observed: dry matter-, starch-, crude fibre-, crude protein content and amino acid content.The rates of asparagin or glutamine acid were the highest, which was followed by serin or histidine. In asparagin content was the most deviation between conventional and organic farming.Significant differences were between varieties in dry matter-, starch-, crude fibre-, and crude protein content both on organic and conventional places. Each variety had significant differences between organic and conventional farming.Starch had strong and negative correlation with dry matter, crude fibre and crude protein content.Budai piaci and Minidor varieties and BU-16 variety candidate had higher starch content and lower dry matter, crude fibre and crude protein content on organic place. Sonesta variety had almost equal dry matter content on both places, but crude protein content was higher with 10% and starch content was lower with 6% on organic place, than on conventional place. Paridor variety had almost equal starch content, but it had higher dry matter and crude protein content on organic place. 

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