DEEP STRATIGRAPHIC CORE-DRILLING AS AN AID TO PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
R. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Current Maximum ◽  
Drilling Cost ◽  
Exploratory Wells ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Representative Material

The Queensland Department of Mines has undertaken stratigraphic drilling to assist petroleum exploration since 1965. The primary purpose was to obtain core for palynological and petrological study, in order to facilitate correlation of strata met in deep exploratory wells with the type sections of outcrop.To the end of October, 1970, 61 bores have been completed for a total of 50,473 feet (15,394 metres), an average depth of 827 feet (252 metres).Average drilling cost ranged from about $5 per foot at shallow depths to about $15 per foot towards the current maximum capacity of 4,000 feet (1,220 metres), total cost was of the order of $400,000.All holes were fully cored from about 50 feet (about 15 metres) to total depth. With minor exceptions, all drilling has been with NX equipment, giving a core approximately 1.7 inches (4.3 centimetres) in diameter. The core barrel is 10 feet (3 metres) long; it is recovered by the wireline method. On completion, most holes have been logged electrically and radiometrically (spontaneous potential, single-point resistivity and gamma-ray).Drilling lias been undertaken in sediments of the Surat, Bowen, Moreton and Ipswich Basins, and the Esk Rift. In the Surat Basin, complete sections of the Jurassic have been obtained on both the western and eastern flanks, and the Cretaceous has been sampled completely near the middle of the basin; in addition, the Injune Creek Group (Jurassic) is being investigated in some detail. In the Bowen Basin, representative material has been obtained from the Triassic units (Rewan, Clematis and Moolayember); the Permian on the eastern flank has been sampled completely in a Departmental coal-exploration project. In the Moreton Basin, a series of regional lines was drilled, partly in order to establish the relationship of the Bundamba Group to the Jurassic of the Surat Basin.One hole was drilled in the Ipswich Basin, to sample the upper part of the Triassic succession there.The program has been especially effective in providing material for palynological studies, both descriptive and stratigraphic, particularly in sandstone units. By this means, several important stratigraphic problems were resolved. For example, the type Wandoan Formation of Union-Kern-A.O.G. Wandoan 1 well was shown to be equivalent in age to the lower and middle Clematis Sandstone of outcrop, whereas the so-called Wandoan elsewhere in the basin was shown to be equivalent to the uppermost Clematis and lower Moolayember Formation of outcrop. Again, the drilling has confirmed the lithological correlation of the Precipice Sandstone of the Surat Basin with the Helidon Sandstone of the Moreton Basin, and the Evergreen Formation and Hutton Sandstone (which overlie the Precipice) with the Marburg Sandstone (which overlies the Helidon); the remarkably persistent oolite marker in the Evergreen and Marburg has been shown to be of essentially the same age throughout.Extension of the project widely through the sedimentary basins of Queensland is warranted.Proposed work for 1971 includes drilling of the Permian on the western flank of the Bowen Basin, and of the Tertiary in the Hillsborough Basin.

Relationship of intraoperative perfusion parameters to the need for immediate extracorporeal support following heart transplantation

Perfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 026765912095815
Author(s):  
J Trent Magruder ◽  
Alexandra Sperry ◽  
Pavan Atluri ◽  
Christian Bermudez ◽  
Edward Cantu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Orthotopic Heart Transplantation ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: We sought to assess the relationship of intraoperative perfusion parameters while on cardiopulmonary bypass, including oxygen delivery (DO2), to the need for ECMO following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Methods: We included all adult (>18 years old) OHTs performed at our institution since implementation of an electronic perfusion record (March 2019-February 2020). Multi-organ transplants were excluded. The primary outcome was the need for immediate venoarterial ECMO in the OR following OHT. Univariable statistics were computed across demographic, clinical, operative, and perfusion variables, including oxygen delivery (DO2) measured each minute. Results: Fifty-three OHT were included with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range, 45-61). The primary outcome occurred in eight patients (15.1%). A significantly greater proportion of patients requiring ECMO had ischemic cardiomyopathy (50.0% (4/8) vs. 15.6% (7/45), p = 0.02) and had preoperative ventricular assist devices (37.5% (3/8) vs. 8.9% (4/45), p = 0.03). Median bypass times were longer in the ECMO group (217 vs. 147 minutes, p = 0.001). Phenylephrine doses were nonsignificantly higher in ECMO patients (4.1 vs. 1.9 mg, p = 0.10). No significant differences were observed in single-point median DO2 (275 vs. 294 mL O2/min/m2 BSA, p = 0.17) and nadir DO2 (226 vs. 222, p = 0.94), but increasing time and depth of DO2 below a threshold of 300 mL O2/min/m2 BSA (i.e. area over the DO2 curve (AOC) but below threshold) was significantly associated with the need for postoperative ECMO (p = 0.04). Conclusion: This is the first study to examine the relationship of perfusion parameters, including oxygen delivery, to outcomes following heart transplantation. We note that DO2 < 300-AOC was significantly associated with the need for postoperative ECMO following heart transplant. Further study will clarify whether potential DO2 differences in patients who require post-OHT ECMO reflect vasoplegia, or a more causative relationship which might be leveraged to improve outcomes.

Children's Social Competence, Academic Competence, and Aggressiveness as Related to Ability to Make Judgments of Fairness

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Vandiver
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Academic Competence ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
Peer Nomination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of 102 fifth and sixth graders' judgments of fairness with their academic and social competence and aggressiveness was studied. Children were given self-report and peer-nomination inventories measuring academic competence, social competence, and aggressiveness at a single point in time at the public school they attended. These measures were related to children's prediction of fairness on a distributive justice measure. Children who saw themselves as academically and socially competent scored higher on the distributive justice measure. Children whose peers saw them as less academically competent and more aggressive scored lower on the distributive justice measure. Analyses showed an association between children's academic competence, social competence, and aggressiveness scores and their scores on judgments of fairness.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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