scholarly journals Breeding in wild populations of a small dasyurid marsupial, Planigale ingrami, in north-western Queensland using a novel method for collection of specimens

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Woolley ◽  
C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
North Western

The reproductive biology of the long-tailed planigale (Planigale ingrami) is less well known than that of its congeners P. gilesi and P. tenuirostris. Aspects of the anatomy of reproductive structures and the pattern of reproduction of P. ingrami were established by examination of specimens extracted from the stomachs of feral cats shot in north-western Queensland. This species has an extended breeding season that commences in August and probably ends in December, and both males and females may live to breed in more than one season, providing support for the similarity of the reproductive strategies of these three species of Planigale. Females of P. ingrami have twelve nipples in the pouch, the form of which may differ from that of other planigales. Pouch morphology may prove useful in the identification of species of Planigale providing observations are made on the appearance of the pouch throughout the breeding cycle.

Observations on the biology of the common torpedo (Torpedo torpedo, Linnaeus, 1758) and marbled electric ray (Torpedo marmorata, Risso, 1810) from Egyptian Mediterranean waters

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Abdel-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Torpedo Marmorata ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females

The reproductive biology and diets of Torpedo torpedo and T. marmorata from Egyptian Mediterranean waters are described. Males and females reached a maximum size of 39.1 and 40.8 cm total length (TL), respectively, in T. torpedo and 38.6 and 61.2 cm TL, respectively, in T. marmorata. The size at maturity of males of T. torpedo and T. marmorata is 18 and 25.5 cm TL, respectively, and of females, is 22 and 35.5 cm TL, respectively. Both species exhibit aplacental viviparity. T. torpedo has a restricted breeding season, and individual females appear to breed annually, whereas T. marmorata females appear to have a more extended reproductive cycle (probably breeding every two years). In both species, males are capable of mating every year. In T. torpedo, mating occurs between December and February, ovulation in March-April, and parturition in late August and September after five to six months of gestation. Individuals of T. marmorata mate between November and January, ovulate between December and February, and give birth the following December after 10-12 months of gestation. Mean embryos sizes are 7.3 cm TL (range 4.6-8.2 cm TL) for T. torpedo and 8.5 cm TL (range 5.8-10.1 cm TL) for T. marmorata. Observations in Egyptian Mediterranean waters show a strong correlation between ovarian and uterine fecundity and the length of the mother in both species. Fish are an important component of the diet of the two species, as, to a lesser extent, are crustaceans for T. torpedo and cephalopods for T. marmorata. Juveniles eat a wide variety of food items, whereas adults feed only on fish.

The Reproductive Biology of the Deep-Sea Asteroid Bathybiaster Vexillifer

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
S. L. Pain ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species

INTRODUCTIONThe reproductive biology of asteroids from a wide variety of ecological niches has been examined (Farmanfarmaian et al. 1958; Cognetti & Delavault, i962;Pearse, 1965; Chia, 1968; Crump, 1971; Jangoux & Vloebergh, 1973; Worley, Franz & Hendler, 1977; Barker, 1979; Shick, Taylor & Lamb, 1981). Most of the species within this class appear to show some degree of seasonal reproductive synchrony with very few species showing aseasonal reproduction (Shick et al. 1981). Although the seasonally reproducing asteroids show a wide variety of reproductive strategies, from planktotrophic larvae to direct development, they all occur in relatively shallow water and are thus subject to the seasonal fluctuations of the physico-chemical environment. Only two shallow-water species, Ctenodiscus crispatus (Shick et al. 1981) and Patiriella exigua (Lawson-Kerr & Anderson, 1978), have aseasonal reproduction in both males and females. However, the deep sea is the only major environment in the world's ocean for which we have no data for the reproductive cycle of asteroids.

Reproductive biology of the land crab Epigrapsus politus Heller, 1862 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) on Iriomote-jima, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Wataru Doi ◽  
Daiki Itoh ◽  
Shunsuke Kato ◽  
Akira Mizutani ◽  
Hiroyoshi Kohno
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Land Crab ◽  
Crab Density ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract The breeding cycle of the land crab Epigrapsus politusHeller, 1862 (Gecarcinidae) was studied through a mark-recapture experiment on subtropical Iriomote-jima, Japan between September and November 2017. The abundance of E. politus at the cobble shore increased during the breeding season, and then decreased. Crab density was estimated to be 423.5 over 20 m2. The population showed a bimodal and a monomodal body-length frequency for males and females, respectively. Lifespan was estimated to be between one and two or three years. Ovigerous (egg bearing) females were detected from early September to late November, with the highest abundance occurring between late September and early November. The proportion of embryonic development (non-eyed and eyed eggs) of ovigerous females and the presence or absence of embryos and embryonic development of recaptured females showed that larvae were released on the days after the full moon. In comparison, egg extrusion occurred during the period of the previous full moon, i.e., eggs were incubated for four weeks. Females produced one brood within a single breeding season. The breeding ecology of E. politus was characterized as being short and occurring in a cooler season than that of other gecarcinids inhabiting the subtropical islands of the northwest Pacific.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of catsharks (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) off the west coast of southern Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Ebert ◽  
Leonard J.V. Compagno ◽  
Paul D. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
The West ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Egg Case ◽  
First Maturity

Abstract This study presents information on the reproductive biology of five southern African catshark species: Apristurus microps, A. saldanha, Apristurus sp., Galeus polli, and Scyliorhinus capensis. They were caught between Walvis Bay, Namibia, and Cape Agulhas, South Africa, from 50 to 1016 m deep. The reproductive mode of four species was oviparous, whereas G. polli exhibited aplacental viviparity. Males of all species attained first maturity slightly larger than females, and males of the four oviparous species attained a larger LTmax than females. The length at 50% maturity was similar for males and females in most species. All species matured at an LT > 75% of LTmax except for male Apristurus spp. and female G. polli, which matured at 71.2% and 68.8%, respectively, of LTmax. The egg case of A. microps has minute tendrils, whereas those of S. capensis were quite long, suggesting different egg-laying habitats. Fecundity in G. polli ranged from 5 to 13, and litter size increased in relation to increased female length. Embryos of G. polli were large, each measuring approximately 30% of female LT. Neonates of G. polli were common and appear to have a demersal lifestyle; those of the four oviparous species were entirely absent from the study. Gravid A. microps were found in summer and winter, indicating a protracted breeding cycle, but reproductively active S. capensis were caught only in winter. Prior to this study, reproductive information on these catsharks was largely lacking.

The Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae): breeding of a threatened species in captivity and in wild populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Basic Features

A detailed description of the methods used to house, maintain and assess the reproductive condition of captive Julia Creek dunnarts, Sminthopsis douglasi, that led to successful breeding of the species in captivity is provided. Basic features of the reproductive biology of this species of Sminthopsis have been established from observations made on captive animals. The females are polyoestrous, with a cycle length of ~28 days. Young are born 13–16 days after mating and are dependent on the mother for ~70 days. The age at which captive animals commence breeding ranged from 13 to 38 weeks (females) and 23 to 40 weeks (males). Both sexes are capable of breeding when two years old. Breeding in wild populations is seasonal and occurs over a six-month period from August to March, which encompasses the hottest and wettest time of the year. Both females and males are known to be capable of breeding in more than one season and females have the potential to rear two litters in a season. Recruitment of young to the population may be affected by heavy rainfall during the breeding season that can lead to closure of the cracks and holes in which the dunnarts shelter.

Observation on the breeding biology of Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jacinta Lalchhanhimi ◽  
Lalremsanga H.T.
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Males And Females

The breeding biology of tree frog, Polypedates teraiensis was studied during the breeding season at Mizoram University Campus. It was found that sound production by male during the breeding season was primarily a reproductive function and advertisement calls attract females to the breeding areas and announce other males that a given territory is occupied. The aim of this study was to provide the detailed information on the breeding behaviour and the advertisement calls of Polypedates teraiensis. The morphometric measurements of the amplecting pairs (males and females) for sexual dimorphism along with clutch sizes were also studied.

scholarly journals Uterine fluid composition of the dwarf ornate wobbegong shark (Orectolobus ornatus) during gestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan T. Ellis ◽  
Nicholas M. Otway
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Low Levels

Low fecundity in chondrichthyans makes them extremely susceptible to fishing, so understanding the various reproductive strategies in this group is vital for management. Knowledge of the uterine fluid (UF) composition throughout gestation is fundamental to this understanding, yet is restricted to a few species. This study focussed on the UF composition of the wobbegong (Orectolobus ornatus), which inhabits coastal waters off eastern Australia. The UF was quantified throughout pregnancy. Fluids surrounding uterine eggs had a complex composition, with mean urea (98.48 mmol L–1), sodium (560.25 mmol L–1) and potassium (13.93 mmol L–1) concentrations significantly greater than those in seawater. A change in composition, from complex to simple, occurred after 3–4 months gestation. Major electrolyte concentrations then resembled seawater for the remainder of gestation, suggesting the flushing of the uteri with seawater and evidenced by fluctuating low levels of urea. The gestation period reflected the time for metabolism of yolk stores, osmotic and ionic adjustment, development of functioning immunological systems and prevention of external yolk sac damage. Our study is the first documentation of UF composition for a wobbegong shark and increases understanding of its reproductive biology.

scholarly journals Rapid sex-specific adaptation to high temperature in Drosophila

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Kai Hsu ◽  
Ana Marija Jakšić ◽  
Viola Nolte ◽  
Manolis Lirakis ◽  
Robert Kofler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Mutations

The pervasive occurrence of sexual dimorphism demonstrates different adaptive strategies of males and females. While different reproductive strategies of the two sexes are well-characterized, very little is known about differential functional requirements of males and females in their natural habitats. Here, we study the impact environmental change on the selection response in both sexes. Exposing replicated Drosophila populations to a novel temperature regime, we demonstrate sex-specific changes in gene expression, metabolic and behavioral phenotypes in less than 100 generations. This indicates not only different functional requirements of both sexes in the new environment but also rapid sex-specific adaptation. Supported by computer simulations we propose that altered sex-biased gene regulation from standing genetic variation, rather than new mutations, is the driver of rapid sex-specific adaptation. Our discovery of environmentally driven divergent functional requirements of males and females has important implications-possibly even for gender aware medical treatments.

Breeding biology and movements of Australian sea-lions, Neophoca cinerea, off the west coasst of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Gales ◽  
AJ Cheal ◽  
GJ Pobar ◽  
P Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
The West ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Neophoca Cinerea

The Australian sea-lion, Neophoca cinerea, has a 17-18-month breeding cycle on islands off the west coast of Western Australia. Buller, North Fisherman and Beagle Is are the main pupping sites, with several very small colonies (n> 3) at the Abrolhos Is. The 4-5-month pupping seasons are synchronised at North Fisherman and Beagle Is, but the sea-lions from Buller I. breed one month later and those from the Abrolhos Is two months earlier. Pup production and pup mortality were highly variable between seasons over which observations were recorded: 129 pups were born at the main breeding sites in early 1988, the mortality in the first five months was 7.1%, whereas 181 pups were born in late 1989 of which 24.3% died. Pups remain in the vicinity of their natal islands for the first 4-5 months of life before leaving, perhaps on foraging trips, with their mothers. Most return to their natal island, although others haulout on islands up to 27 km away. Some male N. cinerea congregate in bachelor colonies on islands adjacent to the Perth metropolitan region during the non-breeding season and migrate up to 280 km north each breeding season. The status of the isolated, west-coast N. cinerea population is unknown. The current high level of human pressure on sea-lion terrestrial habitats and their food resources indicate a need for further monitoring of this species.

First report on the diet and reproductive biology of red-toothed triggerfish Odonus niger (Ruppell, 1836) from the south-eastern Arabian Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nitin Kanji Suyani ◽  
Mridula Rajesh ◽  
Kothanahally Mallegowda Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
The South ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Arabian Sea ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract The feeding habits and reproductive biology of red-toothed triggerfish Odonus niger (Ruppell, 1836) was analysed from 449 specimens collected from the Karnataka coast of the south-eastern Arabian Sea. Of the total stomachs examined, only 54 (12%) were empty and 395 contained food remains. The diet comprised crustacean remains (48.0%), zooplankton (21.4%), algae (16.5%), fish remains (6.1%) and cephalopod remains (5.3%) along with partially digested matter (2.3%) and detritus (0.4%). The species was found to be a generalist feeder and an omnivore. The overall sex ratio between males and females (1: 0.44) was significantly (P < 0.05) different. Histological examination of the ovaries indicated asynchronous ovarian development in females, with males maturing earlier than females. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) patterns of males and females, and the presence of ripe ovaries and spermatozoids suggested that April–May is the peak spawning period. The absolute and relative fecundity estimates ranged from 16,464–312,420 eggs and 251–2812 eggs g−1 respectively. Fecundity was positively correlated with total length and body weight. The biological information on diet composition and reproductive traits provided for the first time in this study can facilitate conservation, management and sustainable exploitation of this species in the study area.

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