Estimates of variances due to parent of origin effects for weights of Australian beef cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Meyer ◽  
Bruce Tier
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects ◽  
Set Up

Estimates of variances due to differential expression of paternally and maternally derived genes can be obtained from animal model type analyses by fitting appropriate gametic effects. This is feasible for large-scale analyses, because the inverse of the gametic relationship matrix can be set up directly from a list of pedigrees. We present a series of analyses applying such a model to large sets of records for birth, weaning, yearling and final weights of Australian Angus and Hereford cattle. On one hand, results show that maternal genetic effects on these traits are largely confounded with maternal parent of origin effects, so that it is difficult to reliably separate the respective variance components. On the other hand, paternal parent of origin effects tend to act similarly to sire × herd effects so that estimates of their variance are inflated by any effects not modelled and contributing to such apparent interaction. Fitting an animal model with both parent of offspring effects, maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects as well as sire × herd and maternal grand-sire × herd of origin of dam interactions as additional random effects yielded estimates of the variance due to paternal parent of origin effects of 5–7% of the phenotypic variation for birth and weaning weights and of 0–1% for yearling and final weights. Corresponding estimates for maternal parent of origin effects were 0–11% for birth and weaning weights and 7–8% for yearling and final weights, while sire and maternal grand-sire interaction effects explained from 0 to 4% of the phenotypic variance.

scholarly journals Parent-of-origin effects on voluntary exercise levels and body composition in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Kelly ◽  
Derrick L. Nehrenberg ◽  
Kunjie Hua ◽  
Ryan R. Gordon ◽  
Theodore Garland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects

Despite the health-related benefits of exercise, many people do not engage in enough activity to realize the rewards, and little is known regarding the genetic or environmental components that account for this individual variation. We created and phenotyped a large G4 advanced intercross line originating from reciprocal crosses between mice with genetic propensity for increased voluntary exercise (HR line) and the inbred strain C57BL/6J. G4 females (compared to males) ran significantly more when provided access to a running wheel and were smaller with a greater percentage of body fat pre- and postwheel access. Change in body composition resulting from a 6-day exposure to wheels varied between the sexes with females generally regulating energy balance more precisely in the presence of exercise. We observed parent-of-origin effects on most voluntary wheel running and body composition traits, which accounted for 3–13% of the total phenotypic variance pooled across sexes. G4 individuals descended from progenitor (F0) crosses of HR♀ and C57BL/6J♂ ran greater distances, spent more time running, ran at higher maximum speeds/day, and had lower percent body fat and higher percent lean mass than mice descended from reciprocal progenitor crosses (C57BL/6J♀ × HR♂). For some traits, significant interactions between parent of origin and sex were observed. We discuss these results in the context of sex dependent activity and weight loss patterns, the contribution of parent-of-origin effects to predisposition for voluntary exercise, and the genetic (i.e., X-linked or mtDNA variations), epigenetic (i.e., genomic imprinting), and environmental (i.e., in utero environment or maternal care) phenomena potentially modulating these effects.

scholarly journals On the Estimation of Heritability with Family-Based and Population-Based Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngdoe Kim ◽  
Young Lee ◽  
Sungyoung Lee ◽  
Nam Hee Kim ◽  
Jeongmin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Polygenic Effect ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Family Based

For a family-based sample, the phenotypic variance-covariance matrix can be parameterized to include the variance of a polygenic effect that has then been estimated using a variance component analysis. However, with the advent of large-scale genomic data, the genetic relationship matrix (GRM) can be estimated and can be utilized to parameterize the variance of a polygenic effect for population-based samples. Therefore narrow sense heritability, which is both population and trait specific, can be estimated with both population- and family-based samples. In this study we estimate heritability from both family-based and population-based samples, collected in Korea, and the heritability estimates from the pooled samples were, for height, 0.60; body mass index (BMI), 0.32; log-transformed triglycerides (log TG), 0.24; total cholesterol (TCHL), 0.30; high-density lipoprotein (HDL), 0.38; low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 0.29; systolic blood pressure (SBP), 0.23; and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 0.24. Furthermore, we found differences in how heritability is estimated—in particular the amount of variance attributable to common environment in twins can be substantial—which indicates heritability estimates should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Partitioning Phenotypic Variance Due to Parent-of-Origin Effects Using Genomic Relatedness Matrices

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Laurin ◽  
Gabriel Cuellar-Partida ◽  
Gibran Hemani ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects ◽  
Genomic Relatedness

scholarly journals Partitioning phenotypic variance due to parent-of-origin effects using genomic relatedness matrices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Laurin ◽  
Gabriel Cuellar Partida ◽  
Gibran Hemani ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects ◽  
Genomic Relatedness

The impact of different genetic models on the optimum design of crossbreeding experiments

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sölkner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Design Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTA method for the iterative set-up of optimum designs for crossbreeding experiments was used to study the robustness of designs to differences in the biological interpretation of two-locus epistatic interaction. Designs could be found which are efficient for the estimation of genetic models including, alternatively, seven different types of epistatic effects. Also, the design efficiency of a large-scale beef cattle crossbreeding experiment between Angus and Hereford cattle conducted at the Clay Center, Nebraska, and reported by Koch, Dickerson, Cundiff and Gregory (1985) was investigated and found to be high (proportionately 0·88 of the optimum). It was concluded that choice of the right genetic groups (i.e. types of crossbreds) seems to be more important for a good design than the exact number of observations allocated to each group.

scholarly journals Generalized gametic relationships for flexible analyses of parent-of-origin effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Reinsch ◽  
Manfred Mayer ◽  
Inga Blunk
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Reduced Model ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Source Program ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Set Up

Abstract A class of epigenetic inheritance patterns known as genomic imprinting allows alleles to influence the phenotype in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. Various pedigree-based parent-of-origin analyses of quantitative traits have attempted to determine the share of genetic variance that is attributable to imprinted loci. In general, these methods require four random gametic effects per pedigree member to account for all possible types of imprinting in a mixed model. As a result, the system of equations may become excessively large to solve using all available data. If only the offspring have records, which is frequently the case for complex pedigrees, only two averaged gametic effects (transmitting abilities) per parent are required (reduced model). However, the parents may have records in some cases. Therefore, in this study, we explain how employing single gametic effects solely for informative individuals (i.e., phenotyped individuals), and only average gametic effects otherwise, significantly reduces the complexity compared with classical gametic models. A generalized gametic relationship matrix is the covariance of this mixture of effects. The matrix can also make the reduced model much more flexible by including observations from parents. Worked examples are present to illustrate the theory and a realistic body mass data set in mice is used to demonstrate its utility. We show how to set up the inverse of the generalized gametic relationship matrix directly from a pedigree. An open-source program is used to implement the rules. The application of the same principles to phased marker data leads to a genomic version of the generalized gametic relationships.

Analysis of parent of origin effects in Sorbs using long range phasing algorithms

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
X Liu ◽  
M Scholz ◽  
A Tönjes ◽  
M Stumvoll ◽  
PF Stadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects

Platelet Anti-Aggregating Activity and Tolerance of Clopidogrel in Atherosclerotic Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 0939-0943 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Boneu ◽  
G Destelle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ischemic Events ◽  
Large Scale Clinical Trial ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryThe anti-aggregating activity of five rising doses of clopidogrel has been compared to that of ticlopidine in atherosclerotic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the dose of clopidogrel which should be tested in a large scale clinical trial of secondary prevention of ischemic events in patients suffering from vascular manifestations of atherosclerosis [CAPRIE (Clopidogrel vs Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events) trial]. A multicenter study involving 9 haematological laboratories and 29 clinical centers was set up. One hundred and fifty ambulatory patients were randomized into one of the seven following groups: clopidogrel at doses of 10, 25, 50,75 or 100 mg OD, ticlopidine 250 mg BID or placebo. ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation tests were performed before starting treatment and after 7 and 28 days. Bleeding time was performed on days 0 and 28. Patients were seen on days 0, 7 and 28 to check the clinical and biological tolerability of the treatment. Clopidogrel exerted a dose-related inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and bleeding time prolongation. In the presence of ADP (5 \lM) this inhibition ranged between 29% and 44% in comparison to pretreatment values. The bleeding times were prolonged by 1.5 to 1.7 times. These effects were non significantly different from those produced by ticlopidine. The clinical tolerability was good or fair in 97.5% of the patients. No haematological adverse events were recorded. These results allowed the selection of 75 mg once a day to evaluate and compare the antithrombotic activity of clopidogrel to that of aspirin in the CAPRIE trial.

MODELING THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN FROM MEDIUM TO HIGH RESOLUTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Gabioux ◽  
Vladimir Santos da Costa ◽  
Joao Marcos Azevedo Correia de Souza ◽  
Bruna Faria de Oliveira ◽  
Afonso De Moraes Paiva
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Surface Relaxation ◽  
The South ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Set Up

Results of the basic model configuration of the REMO project, a Brazilian approach towards operational oceanography, are discussed. This configuration consists basically of a high-resolution eddy-resolving, 1/12 degree model for the Metarea V, nested in a medium-resolution eddy-permitting, 1/4 degree model of the Atlantic Ocean. These simulations performed with HYCOM model, aim for: a) creating a basic set-up for implementation of assimilation techniques leading to ocean prediction; b) the development of hydrodynamics bases for environmental studies; c) providing boundary conditions for regional domains with increased resolution. The 1/4 degree simulation was able to simulate realistic equatorial and south Atlantic large scale circulation, both the wind-driven and the thermohaline components. The high resolution simulation was able to generate mesoscale and represent well the variability pattern within the Metarea V domain. The BC mean transport values were well represented in the southwestern region (between Vitória-Trinidade sea mount and 29S), in contrast to higher latitudes (higher than 30S) where it was slightly underestimated. Important issues for the simulation of the South Atlantic with high resolution are discussed, like the ideal place for boundaries, improvements in the bathymetric representation and the control of bias SST, by the introducing of a small surface relaxation. In order to make a preliminary assessment of the model behavior when submitted to data assimilation, the Cooper & Haines (1996) method was used to extrapolate SSH anomalies fields to deeper layers every 7 days, with encouraging results.

scholarly journals Vibration characteristics of triple-gear-rotor system in compressed air energy storage under variable torque load

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042098705
Author(s):  
Xinran Wang ◽  
Yangli Zhu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Dongxu Hu ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
System Response ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Torque Load ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Stages

This paper focuses on the effects of the off-design operation of CAES on the dynamic characteristics of the triple-gear-rotor system. A finite element model of the system is set up with unbalanced excitations, torque load excitations, and backlash which lead to variations of tooth contact status. An experiment is carried out to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model. The results show that when the system is subjected to large-scale torque load lifting at a high rotating speed, it has two stages of relatively strong periodicity when the torque load is light, and of chaotic when the torque load is heavy, with the transition between the two states being relatively quick and violent. The analysis of the three-dimensional acceleration spectrum and the meshing force shows that the variation in the meshing state and the fluctuation of the meshing force is the basic reasons for the variation in the system response with the torque load. In addition, the three rotors in the triple-gear-rotor system studied show a strong similarity in the meshing states and meshing force fluctuations, which result in the similarity in the dynamic responses of the three rotors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document