scholarly journals Comparative performance of broiler chickens offered nutritionally equivalent diets based on six diverse, ‘tannin-free’ sorghum varieties with quantified concentrations of phenolic compounds, kafirin, and phytate

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha H. Truong ◽  
Karlie A. Neilson ◽  
Bernard V. McInerney ◽  
Ali Khoddami ◽  
Thomas H. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Type I ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Starch is the main source of energy in sorghum-based diets but starch/energy utilisation by broiler chickens offered these diets may be substandard. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate that the digestibility of sorghum starch is inferior to that of other feed grains, especially maize. Three ‘starch-extrinsic’ factors in grain sorghum, namely ‘non-tannin’ phenolic compounds, kafirin and phytate may negatively influence starch/energy utilisation in sorghum-based broiler diets. To test this hypothesis, concentrations of polyphenols, free, bound and conjugated phenolic acids, kafirin and phytate were quantified in six diverse ‘tannin-free’ (Type I) grain sorghum varieties. These sorghums were incorporated into nutritionally equivalent diets at 620 g/kg and offered to male broiler chickens from 7 to 28 days post-hatch. Growth performance, nutrient utilisation (AME, ME : GE ratios, N retention, AMEn) and starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates in four small intestinal segments were determined. Numerous relationships that were either significant (P < 0.05), or approached significance (P < 0.10), were detected that indicated various ‘non-tannin’ phenolic compounds, kafirin and phytate in sorghums negatively influenced nutrient utilisation parameters in broiler chickens. ME : GE ratios are sensitive indicators of efficiency of energy utilisation and were most negatively influenced by flavan-4-ols (r = –0.919; P < 0.015), which are polyphenolic compounds. Moreover, flavan-4-ols in tandem with conjugated vanillic acid negatively influenced (r = –0.993; P < 0.005) ME : GE ratios on the basis of a valid multiple linear regression. Similarly, conjugated vanillic and bound ferulic acids in tandem negatively influenced AME (r = –0.990; P < 0.005). N retention was most negatively influenced by kafirin (r = –0.887; P < 0.025). Thus, it appears that both phenolic compounds and kafirin may have deleterious effects on nutrient utilisation of sorghum-based broiler diets and recommendations are made that should enhance the quality of sorghum as a feedstuff for chicken-meat production based on these findings.

Steam-pelleting and feed form of broiler diets based on three coarsely ground sorghums influences growth performance,nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Selle ◽  
S. Y. Liu ◽  
J. Cai ◽  
A. J. Cowieson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups

Sorghum grains with red, white and yellow seed colours were coarsely ground and incorporated into nutritionally equivalent diets that were offered to broiler chicks in three feed forms. The diets were fed as mash or steam-pelleted at a conditioning temperature of 90°C and fed as intact pellets or ground back into mash as reground pellets. The effects of a 3 × 3 factorial array of dietary treatments offered to male chicks from 6 to 27 days post-hatch on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and apparent digestibility coefficients of starch and nitrogen (N) at the proximal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum were determined. Feed form had a greater impact on the parameters assessed than did sorghum seed colour, but several interactions between these main effects were observed. Steam-pelleting diets reduced protein solubility and this was correlated with increased concentrations of disulfide bonds and decreased concentrations of free sulphydryl groups. Steam-pelleting diets significantly depressed N retention in broiler chicks and this reduction was appropriately correlated with concentrations of disulfide bonds and free sulphydryl groups and dietary protein solubility. While N retention was depressed, in a curious outcome, steam-pelleting diets did not compromise N digestibility along the small intestine. Steam-pelleting diets significantly increased starch digestibility coefficients in the proximal jejunum, with differing responses among the sorghums, but not in the two ileal levels. Phytate concentrations in the three sorghums were negatively correlated with N digestibility coefficients at the proximal jejunum and proximal ileum. The implications of the present feeding study in relation to the performance of broiler chickens offered steam-pelleted, sorghum-based diets are discussed.

Concentrations of specific phenolic compounds in six red sorghums influence nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khoddami ◽  
Ha H. Truong ◽  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Thomas H. Roberts ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

scholarly journals In VitroEffects of Some Botanicals with Anti-Inflammatory and Antitoxic Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianandrea Guidetti ◽  
Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽  
Angela Giovazzino ◽  
Valentina Rubino ◽  
Anna Teresa Palatucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Several extrinsic factors, like drugs and chemicals, can foster autoimmunity. Tetracyclines, in particular oxytetracycline (OTC), appear to correlate with the emergence of immune-mediated diseases. Accumulation of OTC, the elective drug for gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious disease treatment in broiler chickens, was reported in chicken edible tissues and could represent a potential risk for pets and humans that could assume this antibiotic as residue in meat or in meat-derived byproducts. We investigated thein vitroanti-inflammatory properties of a pool of thirteen botanicals as a part of a nutraceutical diet, with proven immunomodulatory activity.In addition, we evaluated the effect of such botanicals in contrasting thein vitroproinflammatory toxicity of OTC. Our results showed a significant reduction in interferon- (INF-)γproduction by human and canine lymphocytes in presence of botanicals (p⁎<0.05). Increased INF-γproduction, dependent on 24-hour OTC-incubation of T lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by the coincubation withHaematococcus pluvialis, withGlycine max, and with the mix of all botanicals (p⁎<0.05). In conclusion, the use of these botanicals was shown to be able to contrast OTC-toxicity and could represent a new approach for the development of functional foods useful to enhance the standard pharmacological treatment in infections as well as in preventing or reducing the emergence of inflammatory diseases.

Collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro: interaction of types I and V collagen

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Wasserman ◽  
Kathy C. Kloos ◽  
David E. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type V Collagen ◽  
Fibril Morphology ◽  
Type V ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

Type I collagen is the predominant collagen in the cornea with type V collagen being a quantitatively minor component. However, the content of type V collagen (10-20%) in the cornea is high when compared to other tissues containing predominantly type I collagen. The corneal stroma has a homogeneous distribution of these two collagens, however, immunochemical localization of type V collagen requires the disruption of type I collagen structure. This indicates that these collagens may be arranged as heterpolymeric fibrils. This arrangement may be responsible for the control of fibril diameter necessary for corneal transparency. The purpose of this work is to study the in vitro assembly of collagen type V and to determine whether the interactions of these collagens influence fibril morphology.

On visions and promises — ethical aspects of in vitro meat

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-758
Author(s):  
Silvia Woll
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
In Vitro Meat ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Production Conditions

Innovators of in vitro meat (IVM) are convinced that this approach is the solution for problems related to current meat production and consumption, especially regarding animal welfare and environmental issues. However, the production conditions have yet to be fully clarified and there is still a lack of ethical discourses and critical debates on IVM. In consequence, discussion about the ethical justifiability and desirability of IVM remains hypothetical and we have to question those promises. This paper addresses the complex ethical aspects associated with IVM and the questions of whether, and under what conditions, the production of IVM represents an ethically justifiable solution for existing problems, especially in view of animal welfare, the environment, and society. There are particular hopes regarding the benefits that IVM could bring to animal welfare and the environment, but there are also strong doubts about their ethical benefits.

Phenolic compounds from in vitro cultures of Rindera graeca Boiss. & Feldr.

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sykłowska-Baranek ◽  
A Pietrosiuk ◽  
K Graikou ◽  
H Damianakos ◽  
M Jeziorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Cultures

Inhibition by Phenol and Phenolic Acids of Platelet Release Reaction

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa C. Molinas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Adp Release ◽  
Platelet Release

SummaryIt has been postulated that the high phenol and phenolic acids plasmatic levels found in patients with chronic renal failure are contributory factors in the abnormal platelet function described in these patients. This hypothesis was corroborated by “in vitro” studies showing the deleterious effect of these compounds on certain platelet function after pre-incubation of PRP with phenol and phenolic compounds. The present studies were conducted to determine the influence of phenolic compounds on platelet release reaction. It was found that phenol inhibited from 62.5 to 100% the effect of the aggregating agents thrombin, adrenaline and ADP on platelet 5-HT-14C release. The phenolic acids p-, m-, and o-HPAA inhibited from 36.35 to 94.8% adrenaline and ADP-induced platelet 5-HT-14C release. Adrenaline-induced platelet ADP release was inhibited from 27.45 to 38.10% by the phenolic compounds. These findings confirm the hypothesis that phenolic compounds interfere with platelet function through the inhibition of the release reaction.

Plasminogen Activation in Diabetes Mellitus: Normalization of Blood Sugar Levels Improves Impaired Enzyme Kinetics In Vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarethe Geiger ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Sugar Levels

SummaryWe have demonstrated previously that fibrin enhanced plasmin formation by the vascular plasminogen activator was significantly impaired, when components isolated from the plasma of three uncontrolled diabetic patients (type I) were used to study plasminogen activation in vitro. In the present study it can be demonstrated that functional properties of the vascular plasminogen activators as well as of the plasminogens from the same three diabetic patients are significantly improved after normalization of blood sugar levels and improvement of HbAlc values. Most pronounced the Km of diabetic vascular plasminogen activator in the presence of fibrin returned to normal values, and for diabetic plasminogen the prolonged lag period until maximal plasmin formation occurred was shortened to almost control values. From these data we conclude that the observed abnormalities of in vitro fibrinolysis are not primarily associated with the diabetic disease, but might be secondary to metabolic disorders caused by diabetes.

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