Dietary condensed tannins in bovine faeces and effects on soil microbial dynamics: are there environmental benefits for cattle production systems?

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Gisele M. Fagundes ◽  
Gabriela Benetel ◽  
Mateus M. Carriero ◽  
Ricardo L. M. Sousa ◽  
Kelly C. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Context Plant bioactive compounds such as condensed tannins (CT) are seen as an alternative to rumen chemical modulators to mitigate rumen methanogenesis in livestock; however, the presence of CT in ruminant faeces also produces a series of changes in soil microbiomes. Little is known about these effects on soil nutrient dynamics. Therefore, whether CT affect the decomposition process of faecal organic matter, delaying it and consequently increasing soil carbon and nitrogen (N) sequestration, merits study. Aims Our study investigated the effects of a diet rich in CT on bovine faecal composition and on subsequent dynamics of a soil microbial population. Methods Faeces were analysed from cattle fed the following diets: control (no CT), 1.25% CT, 2.5% CT. In a greenhouse pot experiment over a period of 60 days, faeces from the three dietary treatments were applied to soil and the soil microbial populations were measured against a control with no faeces applied. Key results The presence of CT increased the excretion of faecal N and of neutral and acid detergent fibres and lignin, and the higher rate of CT reduced the rate of soil organic matter decomposition. Treatments with dietary CT resulted in greater total numbers of bacteria in the soil than in the no-faeces control and stimulated numbers of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria (α-Proteobacteria) and Firmicutes. Conclusions The study showed that CT alter N recycling and other nutrient inputs in a soil–animal ecosystem by increasing faecal N inputs, delaying organic matter breakdown, and changing soil microbial dynamics. Implications The presence of CT in ruminant diets can be beneficial to the soil environment. Sustainable management practices should be encouraged by providing ruminants with feed including high-CT legumes in silvopastoral systems.

scholarly journals Carbon fractions and soil fertility affected by tillage and sugarcane residue management an Xanthic Udult

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Maria Lopes ◽  
Shirlei Almeida Assunção ◽  
Ana Paula Pessim de Oliveira ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Carbon Fractions

The gradual change in management practices in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production from burning straw to a green harvesting system, as well as the use of minimum soil tillage during field renovation, may affect soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) contents. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of sugar cane production systems on: (1) soil fertility parameters; (2) on physical carbon fractions; (3) and on humic substance fractions, in a long-term experiment, comparing two soil tillage and two residue management systems an Xanthic Udult, in the coastal tableland region of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of plots (conventional tillage (CT) or minimum tillage (MT)) and subplots (residue burned or unburned at harvesting), with five replicates The highest values of Ca2+ + Mg2+ and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed in the MT system in all soil layers, while high values of K+ were observed in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. The CT associated with the burned residue management negatively influenced the TOC values, especially in the 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m layers. The carbon in the humin fraction and organic matter associated with minerals were significantly different among the tillage systems; the MT showed higher values than the CT. However, there were no significant differences between the sugarcane residue management treatments. Overall, fractioning the SOM allowed for a better understanding of tillage and residue management systems effects on the soil properties.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivars and different weed management practices on yield, nutrient uptake and soil micro-flora in dry direct-seeded rice under coastal deltaic ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
K Pooja ◽  
P Saravanane ◽  
S Nadaradjan ◽  
S Sundaravaradhan ◽  
S Muthukumarasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

An experiment was conducted during September 2019 - January 2020 to investigate the effects of cultivars and different weed management practices on yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and soil micro-flora in dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR). Experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice. The treatment combination consisted of three levels of cultivars in main plot (ADT 46, CO 52 and Improved white ponni) and five levels of weed management practices in the sub plots (application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 as pre-emergence herbicide at 3 days after sowing (DAS), bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1 as post-emergence herbicide at 20 DAS, sequential application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 followed by (fb) bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check). Both the cultivars and weed management practices influenced the growth, nutrient uptake, soil microbial population and yield of the DDSR. However, the interaction did not influence any of the parameters significantly. Rice cultivar ADT 46 proved to be superior with respect to nutrient uptake and yield. Whereas, among weed management practices, the highest nutrient uptake and yield were obtained with sequential application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 fb bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1.

scholarly journals Earthworm: A Natural Ecofriendly Organism for Recycling of Organic Residues and Improvement of Soil Health by Vermicompost

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Ambasta ◽  
Seema Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Vermicompost of agriculture waste is an important method in which organic waste such as leaves or stalks of agricultural field is converted into useful compost by means of worms is useful to the environment. Earthworm and microbes acts together and breaks down the complex organic matter of agricultural field and resulting material is rich in nutrients and oxygen. Composting is becoming an effective way to increase organic matter of soil. In addition to increasing organic matter of soil compost also increases soil microbial population (Pera et al., 1983; Perucci, 1990), which leads to the improvement of soil quality. The entire residues after crop is harvested must go back to the soil to replenish the lost nutrient, so vermicompost is considered as excellent way to recycling nutrient in the ecosystem. Soil organic carbon enhancement through crop residues recycling by means of vermicomposting along with fertilizers and integrated nutrient management (INM) are major option to improves soil health and crop productivity. The major objective to vermicomposting is that more ground water recharge and lesser depletion of water table as well as reduces soil salinity and less pollution by agrochemicals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9130 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 171-175

scholarly journals Impacts of Cropping Systems and Long-Term Tillage on Soil Microbial Population Levels and Community Composition in Dryland Agricultural Setting

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P. Ng ◽  
Emily B. Hollister ◽  
Ma. del Carmen A. González-Chávez ◽  
Frank M. Hons ◽  
David A. Zuberer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Few studies have used molecular methods to correlate the abundance of specific microbial taxonomic groups with changes in soil properties impacted by long-term agriculture. Community qPCR with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effects of long-term crop-management practices (no-till vs. conventional tillage, and continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) vs. sorghum-wheat-soybean rotation (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench-Triticum aestivum L.-Glycine max L. Merr) on bacterial and fungal relative abundances and identify the dominant members of the soil microbial community. The qPCR assays revealed that crop rotation decreased bacterial copy numbers, but no-till practices did not significantly alter bacteria or fungi relative to conventional tillage. Cyanobacteria were more abundant while Actinobacteria were less numerous under continuous wheat. Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N. This study highlights ways cropping systems affect microbial communities and aids the development of sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Soil Quality and Organic Matter Pools in a Temperate Climate (Northern Italy) under Different Land Uses

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Livia Vittori Antisari ◽  
William Trenti ◽  
Mauro De Feudis ◽  
Gianluca Bianchini ◽  
Gloria Falsone
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial C

Temperate soils are threatened by degradation and soil organic matter (SOM) loss due to a combination of geomorphology, soil types, and anthropic pressure. In 54 sites in Northern Italy, characterized by different land uses, climates, geological substrates, and soils, we assessed (i) the soil quality, (ii) the SOM accumulation/degradation patterns, and (iii) whether land use and related soil management practices are sustainable based on changes in soil quality. Soil samples from the 0–15 and 15–30 cm deep layers were collected and analyzed for the soil parameters recommended by the FAO (bulk density, pH, organic and microbial C, total N, and soil respiration rate) and for the chemical SOM pools. Parameters related to the efficient use of soil microbial C were also calculated. The findings showed that agricultural lands where organic material was added had good soil quality and used microbial C efficiently. Reclaimed peaty soils degraded because the conditions were too stressful for the soil microbial biomass as supported by high metabolic quotient and the low values of mineralization quotient, microbial quotient, and soil biofertility index. Conservative management practices carried out in chestnuts were found to have a decreased soil degradation risk. An investigation of the soil parameters recommended by the FAO can be used to evaluate sustainable practices and soil quality on microbial activity and SOM dynamics.

scholarly journals Effect of land management on soil properties in flood irrigated citrus orchards in Eastern Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morugán-Coronado ◽  
F. García-Orenes ◽  
A. Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Abstract. Agricultural land management greatly affects soil properties. Microbial soil communities are the most sensitive and rapid indicators of perturbations in land use and soil enzyme activities are sensitive biological indicators of the effects of soil management practices. Citrus orchards frequently have degraded soils and this paper evaluates how land management in citrus orchards can improve soil quality. A field experiment was performed in an orchard of orange trees (Citrus Sinensis) in the Alcoleja Experimental Station (Eastern Spain) with clay-loam agricultural soils to assess the long-term effects of herbicides with inorganic fertilizers (H), intensive ploughing and inorganic fertilizers (P) and organic farming (O) on the soil microbial properties, and to study the relationship between them. Nine soil samples were taken from each agricultural management plot. In all the samples the basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, aggregate stability, cation exchange capacity, pH, texture, macronutrients (Na, Ca and Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu), calcium carbonate equivalent, calcium carbonate content of limestone and enzimatic activities (urease, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase) were determined. The results showed a substantial level of differentiation in the microbial properties, which were highly associated with soil organic matter content. The management practices including herbicides and intensive ploughing had similar results on microbial soil properties. O management contributed to an increase in the soil biology quality, aggregate stability and organic matter content.

PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF IMPROVED GRASSES AND FORAGE LEGUMES FOR SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CENTRAL AMERICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWIN GARCIA ◽  
PABLO SILES ◽  
LISA EASH ◽  
REIN VAN DER HOEK ◽  
SEAN P. KEARNEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
Livestock Systems

SUMMARYSmallholder livestock systems in Central America are typically based on pastures with traditional grasses and associated management practices, such as pasture burning and extensive grazing. With the rise of the global population and a corresponding increase in demand for meat and milk production, research efforts have focused on the development of improved grasses and the incorporation of legume species that can increase productivity and sustainability of Central American livestock systems. However, farmer adoption remains very limited, in part due to the lack of site-specific evaluation and recommendations by local institutions. Using a multi-site participatory approach, this study examined the potential of five improved grasses and five species of forage legumes as alternatives to the broadly disseminated grass Hyparrhenia rufa (cv. Jaragua) in pasture-based cattle systems in western Honduras and northern El Salvador. Improved grasses (four Brachiaria sp. and Megathyrsus maximus) produced significantly more biomass than H. rufa; also four of the five legume varieties evaluated (Canavalia ensiformis, Canavalia brasiliensis, Vigna unguiculata, and Vigna radiata) demonstrated high adaptability to diverse environmental conditions across sites. Farmer participatory evaluation offers a valuable means to assess performance of forages and will likely contribute to their improved utilization. Future research is needed on more refined management recommendations, pasture system design, costs and environmental benefits associated with the adoption of these forages in local livestock production systems.

scholarly journals Herbicidal effect on the bio-indicators of soil health- A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2438-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheeja K Raj ◽  
Elizabeth K Syriac
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
System A ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
The Impact

Soil microbial population, earth worms in soil, soil enzyme activity and organ carbon content in soil are considered as the bio indicators of soil health. They are used as indicators of soil health because of their active role in soil organic matter production, decomposition of xenobiotics and cycling of nutrients, ease of measurement and rapid response to changes in management practices. The assessment of soil health can be used to develop more sustainable crop production system. A number of herbicides have been introduced as pre and post emergence weed killer. The impact of herbicides on soil health depends on the soil type, type and concentration of herbicide used, sensitivity to non-target organisms and environmental conditions. The review elaborates the impact of herbicidal application on the biological indicators of soil health.

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