Sustained genetic control of wheat rust diseases in north-eastern Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Platz ◽  
J. A. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The University ◽  
Wheat Rust

Control of wheat rusts in north-eastern Australia has been based on resistance breeding since the early 1920s. It has been an enduring journey of discovery, disappointment, and achievement, which has culminated in a pool of knowledge and expertise upon which today’s plant breeders can efficiently target durable resistance to the major rust diseases. This paper outlines significant advances in genetic control of rusts in the region, with particular emphasis on the invaluable role played by the University of Sydney rust control program and its influence on wheat breeding in the region and throughout Australia.

From Farrer to the Australian Cereal Rust Control Program

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Pathogen Variability ◽  
The University ◽  
Development Applications ◽  
Private Individual

Australia has a proud history in the development of rust-resistant wheat, a history that has evolved with the development of knowledge of host–pathogen genetics and the continuing transition of plant breeding from an art to science. William Farrer, who migrated to Australia to relieve his problem of tuberculosis, witnessed rust problems on farmers’ fields and addressed the problem as a private individual. Before the rediscovery of Mendel’s principles of inheritance he, like contemporaries in other countries, appreciated that variability was present and was inherited such that different traits could be recombined. He appreciated that there were 2 separate rusts and that both, particularly the less frequent stem rust, had to be present for effective selection in breeding programs. The University of Sydney has the oldest Faculty of Agriculture in the country and one of its first graduates initiated, in 1921, studies on cereal rust pathogen variability, host resistance, and resistance breeding. That program continues to the present time with the recurring themes of pathogen variability, host resistance, and the best ways of achieving lasting resistance. Until the 1970s, most of the knowledge of rust variability at the national level was applied to the University’s breeding program, targeted to prime hard-quality wheat for northern NSW. Following the 1973 rust epidemic in southern Australia, a National Wheat Rust Control Program was initiated, and it has evolved through several steps to the present Australian Cereal Rust Control Program with international dimensions. This paper reviews some of the history, development, applications, and achievements of 88 years of cereal rust research.

Advances in breeding techniques for durable resistance to spot blotch in cereals

2021 ◽  
pp. 435-474
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chand ◽  
◽  
Sudhir Navathe ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Necrotrophic Effector ◽  
Breeding Techniques

This chapter reviews advances in breeding techniques for durable resistance to spot blotch in cereals. It starts by highlighting the spread, economic importance and the disease cycle of spot blotch. The chapter then goes on to examine the diversity of the pathogen and physiological specialization. This is then followed by a discussion on the identification of resistance sources, as well as the histological, biochemical and morphological components of resistance. The chapter also reviews molecular approaches for resistance breeding, specifically focusing on quantitative trait loci (QTL and genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) studies. Resistance genes and their possible deployment are also discussed, along with a section on low molecular weight toxins and their possible role in pathogenicity. The chapter also examines necrotrophic effector triggered susceptibility and associated genes and breeding for spot blotch resistance in wheat. Breeding for spot blotch resistance in barley is also discussed, before concluding with a discussion on farmers participatory research in the release of spot blotch resistant varieties.

scholarly journals Status of Wheat Rust Research and Progress in Rust Management-Indian Context

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Bhardwaj ◽  
Gyanendra P. Singh ◽  
Om P. Gangwar ◽  
Pramod Prasad ◽  
Subodh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Wheat Rust ◽  
Wheat Rusts

The rusts of wheat, caused by three species of Puccinia, are very devastating diseases and are major biotic constraints in efforts to sustain wheat production worldwide. Their capacity to spread aerially over long distances, rapid production of infectious uredospores, and abilities to evolve new pathotypes, makes the management of wheat pathogens a very challenging task. The development and deployment of resistant wheat varieties has proven to be the most economic, effective and efficient means of managing rust diseases. Rust resistance used in wheat improvement has included sources from the primary gene pool as well as from species distantly related to wheat. The 1BL/1RS translocation from cereal rye was used widely in wheat breeding, and for some time provided resistance to the wheat leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust pathogens conferred by genes Lr26, Yr9, and Sr31, respectively. However, the emergence of virulence for all three genes, and stripe rust resistance gene Yr27, has posed major threats to the cultivation of wheat globally. To overcome this threat, efforts are going on worldwide to monitor rust diseases, identify rust pathotypes, and to evaluate wheat germplasm for rust resistance. Anticipatory breeding and the responsible deployment of rust resistant cultivars have proven to be effective strategies to manage wheat rusts. Efforts are still however being made to decipher the recurrence of wheat rusts, their epidemiologies, and new genomic approaches are being used to break the yield barriers and manage biotic stresses such as the rusts. Efficient monitoring of pathotypes of Puccinia species on wheat, identification of resistance sources, pre-emptive breeding, and strategic deployment of rust resistant wheat cultivars have been the key factors to effective management of wheat rusts in India. The success in containing wheat rusts in India can be gauged by the fact that we had no wheat rust epiphytotic for nearly last five decades. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the wheat rust research conducted in India.

Development of an agronomically superior blackleg resistant canola cultivar in Brassica napus L. using doubled haploidy

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stringam ◽  
V. K. Bansal ◽  
M. R. Thiagarajah ◽  
D. F. Degenhardt ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Blackleg Resistance ◽  
The University

The doubled haploid breeding method and greenhouse screening using cotyledon bio-assay were successfully applied to transfer blackleg resistance from the Australian cultivar Maluka (Brassicas napus), into susceptible advanced B. napus lines from the University of Alberta. This approach for blackleg resistance breeding was effective and efficient as several superior blackleg resistant breeding lines were identified within 4 yr from the initial cross. One of these lines (91–21864NA) was entered in the 1993 trials of the Western Canada Canola/Rapeseed Recommending Committee. Key words: Blackleg resistance, Leptosphaeria maculans, doubled haploid, Brassica napus

Freshwater Cyanobacteria of North-Eastern Australia: 2. Chroococcales

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLENN B. MCGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

This volume provides the first detailed account of the Chroococcales of north-eastern Australia. It provides keys, morphological and ecological data for 6 families, 33 genera and 112 species, and photomicrographs and original illustrations to enable the identification of natural populations based on stable and recognizable characters observable with the aid of light microscopy. Distributional data are based on extensive surveys at 270 sites representing the major freshwater habitats including rivers and streams, palustrine and lacustrine wetlands, thermal springs, and man-made reservoirs in Queensland and the Northern Territory as well as a review of the Australian phycological literature. 

Some physical and chemical features of two upland crater lakes in tropical north-eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Crater Lakes ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Continuous Deposition

Lakes Barrine and Eacham, ~1.0 and 0.5 km2 area, 67 and 63 m depth respectively, lie at ~740 m a.s.l., ~17°S in north-eastern Australia. Seasonal changes in their volumes modelled from meteorological data correspond well with observations at Eacham. Temperature profiles through 6 years show summer stratification with a metalimnion at 20–30 m; in winter, near isothermy is usually attained. At Barrine, thermal stability varies between winter and summer (<500 and >4000 g-cm cm-2 respectively). Mixing is related to low ground temperatures during periods of generally low thermal stability; exceptionally it penetrates to >60 m. Oxygen saturation decreases from the surface to ~20% at the base of the euphotic zone (15–21 m) but oxygen is carried lower by mixing after which anoxia commonly rises to ~40 m. At Barrine, Fe-reducing redox (<200 mV) usually occurs below 50 m, but during mixing this boundary falls to within 1 m of the mud–water interface. The Barrine solution is dilute (total dissolved solids 55–58 mg L-1), and that of Eacham is more so. A concentrated monimolimnion has developed in the lowermost 2–3 m at Barrine but not at Eacham. Sedimentation at the middle of each lake results from the continuous deposition of open-water products punctuated by the redistribution of coarser detritus from the ‘shallows’ at times of deep mixing. The resultant laminations are preserved only at Barrine, protected by the chemical stability of the monimolimnion.

scholarly journals Alien chromatin but not Fhb7 confers Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianrui Guo ◽  
Qinghua Shi ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Mian Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium species, seriously threaten global wheat production. Three wheat-Th.elongatum FHB resistant translocation lines have been developed and used for breeding. Transcriptomic analysis identified a derivative glutathione S-transferase transcript T26102, which was homologous to Fhb7 and induced dramatically by Fusarium graminearum. Homologs of Fhb7 were detected in several genera in Triticeae, including Thinopyrum, Elymus, Leymus, Pseudoroegeria and Roegeria. Several wheat-Thinopyrum translocation lines carrying Fhb7 remain susceptible to FHB, and transgenic plants overexpressing the T26102 on different backgrounds did not improve the FHB resistance. Taken as a whole, we show the application of the chromatin derived from diploid Thinopyrum elongatum successfully conferring wheat with high level FHB resistance independent of the Fhb7.One Sentence SummaryThinopyrum elongatum chromatin from 7EL was successfully applied to wheat FHB resistance breeding, but the resistant gene other than the reported Fhb7 remained unknown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document