Amino acid content and digestibile energy value of sprouted, rust-affected and sound wheat in pig diets

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Taverner ◽  
CJ Rayner ◽  
RS Biden
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Wheat Proteins ◽  
Digestible Energy

Sound wheat (FAQ) and wheat damaged by weather (light weight sprouted) and by rust infection (No. 2 and No. 3 off-grade) were analysed for proximate composition and amino acid content. The digestibilities and digestible energy contents of the wheats were determined in studies with eight pigs over four collection periods in two 4 x 4 Latin square designs. Test weights, crude protein contents, glutamic acid contents, digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy of the damaged wheats were less than those of the sound wheat, but the lysine content of damaged wheat proteins was greater than that in the protein of sound wheat. The digestible energy contents of sound, sprouted and moderately and severely rust-affected wheats were 3982, 3863, 3771 and 3633 kcal kg-1 dry matter, respectively.

Digestible energy, protein and amino acid content in selected short season corn cultivars fed to growing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Opapeju ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti ◽  
J. D. House
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The digestible energy (DE), ileal digestible crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) contents in two corn cultivars commonly grown in Manitoba were determined using six ileal cannulated barrows (average initial BW of 21.5 ± 0.9 kg). Three samples of each cultivar, each obtained from two locations, were evaluated in six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Diets contained 97% corn and 0.3% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker, and were assigned to pigs in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Ileal digesta and fecal samples were collected for determining energy and nutrient digestibilities. Location affected (P ≤ 0.05) ileal digestible indispensable AA, except for lysine and threonine. Cultivar affected (P ≤ 0.05) ileal digestible CP and indispensable AA, except for lysine, phenylalanine and valine. There was an interaction effect (P < 0.05) of location and cultivar on ileal digestible indispensable AA, except for lysine and histidine. Digestible energy, CP and AA averaged 3662 kcal kg-1, 5.95% and 0.40%, respectively, in the dry matter. The content of digestible CP and AA in corn may vary with location and cultivar and this variation should be considered when formulating livestock feeds. Key words: Amino acids, corn, digestibility, energy, pig

EFFECTS OF LYSINE INFUSION PER ABOMASUM OF STEERS FED CONTINUOUSLY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

Four dairy steers were allotted to four lysine infusion levels in a 4 × 4 latin square design and fed an 11.5% crude protein (90% dry matter (DM)) diet continuously (10-min intervals every 24 hr). Lysine hydrochloride equivalent to 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 g lysine per day was infused per abomasum. When 9 g lysine were infused per day, the percent of absorbed nitrogen (N) retained was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; urinary N excretion as a percentage of N intake and plasma-free lysine were increased significantly compared with the other three infusion treatments. The infusion of 9 g lysine per day apparently exceeded the body tissue requirements for this amino acid and the excess N was excreted in the urine. A possibility of lysine being limiting (0.28% lysine of a 100% DM diet) was apparently offset by the synthesis of lysine by rumen microorganisms, which increased the dietary lysine two- to threefold. Increased levels of infused lysine did not result in a linear increase of lysine in the abomasum. With 3 g per day lysine infusion rumen ammonia and N retentions were high. However, a smaller amount of N reached the abomasum with steers on this treatment.

scholarly journals Connection of protein and amino acid content of forage and medium quality winter wheat varieties

2009 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Zoltán Mezei ◽  
Ágnes Pongrácznl Barancsi ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
János Csapó
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We analysed the crude protein content, amino acid content, amino acid composition of four forage and milling III. quality winter wheat varieties (Magor, Hunor, Róna and Kondor) from their samples from five following years (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007). We found that quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids rose with increase in crude protein content. On examination of protein amino acid composition in relation to crude protein content we found that the crude protein content increased the quantities of the non-essential amino acids also rose, while those of the essential amino acids decreased as the lysine, the limiting amino acid of wheat. We also established that, as crude protein content increased, the biological value of the protein decreased.

scholarly journals Connection of crude protein content and amino acid content of forage and medium quality winter wheat varieties in the relation of quantity and quality

2008 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Zoltán Mezei ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
János Csapó
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We analysed the crude protein content, amino acid content, amino acid composition of four forage and milling III. quality winter wheat varieties (Magor, Hunor, Róna and Kondor) from their samples from five following years (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007). We found that quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids rose with increase in crude protein content. On examination of protein amino acid composition in relation to crude protein content we found that the crude protein content increased the quantities of the non-essential amino acids also rose, while those of the essential amino acids decreased as the lysine, the limiting amino acid of wheat. We also established that, as crude protein content increased, the biological value of the protein decreased.

scholarly journals The effect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows’ milk

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Markéta Šípalová ◽  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
František Buňka ◽  
Jan Pozdíšek ◽  
Vladimír Mrkvička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of maize replacement in feeding rations on the amino acid content in cows´ milk. Cows were fed total mix ration based on the maize, clover silage and hay. There was a difference in the concentrate of the feeding ration. The first group (fed maize) was the control group, another two groups were experimental, one fed wheat and second fed triticale. During six weeks, totally 26 milk samples were taken from dairy cows of Czech Pied breed. Feed groups were preferably balanced in terms of milk yield, stage and number of lactations. The samples of feedstuffs as well as milk were modified for the analysis using acidic and oxidative hydrolyses. The analysis of amino acids content and composition of the sample hydrolysates was performed chromatographically by an AAA 400 analyzer, using Na-citrate buffers and ninhydrin detection. Total nitrogen content was determined according to Kjehldahl and the crude protein of the samples was determined by conversion from the nitrogen content multiplied by appropriate factor. The high content of crude protein in wheat did not influenced composition of milk from dairy cows fed this type of feedstuff. With respect to resulting amino acid content and composition of milk samples, none of the tested grains can be re­com­men­ded as a full-value maize replacement. Each feedstuff is an abundant source of several and ty­pi­cal amino acids in milk. However, triticale (cultivar Kitaro) seems to be acceptable replacement of maize owing to better crude protein efficiency, composition and health indicators of milk quality.

scholarly journals Distillers feeds from various grains as protein sources for pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Cellulase Treatment ◽  
By Products

The nutrient digestibility and protein utilization of distillery feeds derived from dehulled barley, rye and wheat were studied with growing pigs receiving one of eleven diets in which the protein sources were BDDGS, RDDGS, WDDGS, BDDG, BDS or SBM. In a second trial BDDGS and BDDG were compared with the same feeds treated prior to cooking with cellulase enzyme. The diets, consisting of barley and distillers feed, were fortified with L-lysine and DL-methionine to achieve levels of 13.0 % DCP, 0.80 % lysine and 0.56 % S amino acids. The distillery by-products contained crude protein 24.8—41.5 %, crude fat 6.3—9.5 %, crude fibre 7.1 10.3 %, ADF 18.2—22.9%, NDF 33.3—43.7 % and ADL 8.7—11.3 % on a dry basis. Their lysine content was 0.43—1.36 % of DM and their S amino acid content 0.58—1.36 %. The digestibilities of organic matter and crude protein were 56—83 and 56—79 %. DDGS from rye had low digestibilities and barley distillers solubles high. The cellulase treatment decreased the OM and CP digestibilities by 6.4—10.4 and 15.3—15.4 % units, respectively. FU/kg DM varied from 0.63 to 0.84 and DCP from 177 to 405 g/FU. The N retention of the BDDGS, RDDGS, WDDGS, BDDG, BDS and SBM diets was, respectively, 21.7, 21.1, 24.2, 23.0, 17.7 and 24.6 g/d (P < 0.01) and the biological values were 55, 60, 59, 56, 55 and 66. The daily gains varied from 700 to 762 g. The data indicated that distillery by-products could replace soybean meal quite satisfactorily as a protein source in amino acid-fortified diets.

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