scholarly journals Effects of copper hydroxychloride and distillers dried grains with solubles on intestinal microbial concentration and apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 4904-4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
R Scott Fry ◽  
Matthew E Kocher ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride improves nutrient digestibility and alters the concentration of microbial protein in the small intestine or large intestine by pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Twenty-four barrows (33.3 ± 3.4 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of DDGS (0% or 45%) and 2 levels of supplemental Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (0 or 150 mg/kg). A 2-period switch back design with the 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet in each period was used resulting in 12 replicate pigs per diet for the 2 periods. The initial 9 d of each period was considered an adaptation period to the experimental diets. For each period, feces were collected on days 10, 11, and 12, and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on days 13 and 14. Results indicated that inclusion of 45% DDGS to diets reduced (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA and the AID and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. In contrast, inclusion of DDGS to diets increased (P < 0.05) the AID and the ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract and the concentration of microbial protein in the hindgut (P < 0.05). However, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in ileal digesta and in feces from pigs fed the DDGS diets were not different from concentrations in pigs fed diets without DDGS. The AID and ATTD of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein were not affected by dietary Cu concentrations, but the AID and ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract were greater (P < 0.05) in diets supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride compared with diets without Cu hydroxychloride. There was also a reduction (P < 0.05) in the concentration of microbial protein and a tendency for a reduction (P < 0.10) in the total concentration of VFA in feces when diets were supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride. In conclusion, supplementation of Cu hydroxychloride to diets improved AID and ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract and reduced the concentration of microbial protein in the large intestine and this effect was observed in diets containing DDGS as well as in diets without DDGS.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods for determination of nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson L. de Carvalho ◽  
Vladimir de Oliveira ◽  
Wanderlei de Moraes ◽  
Zalmir S. Cubas ◽  
Alcides R. Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Usual Diet

In this experiment, methods of total fecal collection (TFC) and internal markers (acid-insoluble ash - AIA, crude fiber - CF, and acid-detergent fiber - ADF) were compared for determination of the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and gross energy (GE) of commercial feline dry kibble for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Six adult animals, weighing 12.45±1.37 kg, gradually received experimental kibble in their usual diet until the beginning of the experiment and were submitted to an adaptation period ten days prior to the collection period. CAD obtained by TFC, AIA, CF, and ADF were, respectively, 73.7, 76.83, 62.01, and 46.03% for dry matter; 81.9, 84.8, 75.8, and 63.8% for crude protein; 85, 86.7, 78.5, and 69.1% for ether extract; 78.52, 79.55, 69.11, and 53.04% for nitrogen-free extracts; and 80.5, 82.2, 71.4, and 58.4% for gross energy. The AIA method showed to be efficient in determining coefficients of apparent digestibility and may contribute to investigations on the digestibility of diets for wild felines. In comparison to the items of ocelot's usual diet, the kibble used in this paper provided an adequate nutritional supply with reduced daily costs per animal.

scholarly journals SSF SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR UPGRADING NUTRITIONAL VALUES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
Hsu thet Hmue naing ◽  
Khin Hnin Swe Swe ◽  
Khin San Muu Muu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Gross Energy

The experiment was conducted to observe the effect of different fermentation times on nutrient compositions and phytase activity of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) used solid state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this experiment which was included three treatments and replicated three times per treatment. Soybean meal was used as substrate and inoculated with A. niger spore suspension. Two hundred and fifty ml capacity of Erlenmeyer flask was used to cultivate the culture. The fermentation times were 0, 3 and 5 days. The contents of dry matter, ash, ether extract, crude protein, gross energy and phytase activity of fermented soybean meal were determined. The percentages of crude protein, gross energy and phytase activity of day 5 FSBM were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of day 3 FSBM. Fermented SBM at day 5 had numerically increased in the ether extract contents. However, the ash and dry matter percentages of day 5 FSBM were significantly (p<0.05) reduced compared with those of day 3 FSBM. According to the obtained results, the effect of different fermentation times on nutrient contents and phytase activity of fermented soybean meal were significantly different. Therefore, fermented SBM incubated at day 5 is an appropriate alternative feed from SBM to be used as nourishable feed and phytase enzyme production in fermented soybean meal which will being economic benefits to farmers.

scholarly journals 180 Effects of copper hydroxychloride and distillers dried grains with solubles on intestinal microbial protein concentration and digestibility of energy, crude protein, and fat by growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Charmaine Espinosa ◽  
Robert Scott Fry ◽  
Matthew Kocher ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond CII, Micronutrients, LLC, Indianapolis, IN) improves nutrient digestibility and alters microbial protein concentration in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Twenty-four barrows (33.3 ± 3.4 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0 or 45%) and 2 levels of supplemental Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (0 or 150 mg/kg). Pigs were allotted to a 2-period switch back design with 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet in each period resulting in 12 replicate pigs per diet for the 2 periods. For each period, feces were collected on d 10, 11, and 12, and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 13 and 14. Data were analyzed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using SAS. Fixed effects included Cu, DDGS, and the interaction between Cu and DDGS, whereas random effects included pig and period. Results indicated that inclusion of 45% DDGS to diets reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein (Table 1), and increased (P &lt; 0.05) the microbial protein concentration in the hindgut. The AID and ATTD of crude protein were not affected by dietary Cu concentrations, but the AID and ATTD of fat were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in diets with Cu hydroxychloride than diets without Cu hydroxychloride. There was a reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in microbial protein and concentration of volatile fatty acids in feces when diets were supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride. In conclusion, supplementation of Cu hydroxychloride to diets improved AID and ATTD of fat and reduced concentration of microbial protein in the hindgut.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and digestibility of Rabbit does fed varying levels of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
L. O. Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Growth Requirement

Nulliparous crossbred does were used to study the effects of concentrate:lablab ratio (CL) and stage of pregnancy on nutrient intake and digestibility. Treatments consisted of four concentrate and lablab combinations on a gram:gram basis: 20:130, 40: 110, 80:70 and 100:50 and two stages of pregnancy: second and fourth week of pregnancy Concentrate intake increased as level increased up to 80g/day offered while lablab intake increased from 50 to 130g/day offered. Doe weight and metabolic size were similar for all treatments. Total feed intake was not affected by concentrate and lablab levels. Dry matter intake was lower for 100:50 CL than other treatments. Ether extract and crude fibre intakes decreased with increase in concentrate levels. Dry matter and nitrogen free extract digestibility were higher for 80:70 CL than other combinations. Crude fibre digestibility was higher for 80:70 than 40:110 and 100:50 CL Crude protein retention was higher for 80:70 than 20:130 and 100:50 CL. Fetal growth requirement, total protein requirement and balance of protein were high at 80:70 and 100:50 CL. During pregnancy, dry matter and all nutrients intake were higher in the second than fourth week. Ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were lower in the second than fourth week of pregnancy. Fetal growth requirement and balance of protein were higher in the second than fourth week of pregnancy relationship between feed intake (g DM/day) and nutrient digestibility was negative. The relationship between feed intake (g DM/kg body weight/day) and feed intake (g DM/kg LW0.75/day) was however, positive for all the nutrients except crude protein. For the small scale rabbit producer in developing countries, it is feasible to maintain rabbits on combinations of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

scholarly journals Utilization of Bovine Blood-Rumen Digesta Mixture as Replacement for Soybean Meal and Groundnut Cake Feedstuff in Growing Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
S. O. Odukoya ◽  
A. A. Saka ◽  
O. Y. Adedeji ◽  
A. O. Akingbade ◽  
T. I. Ijadunola
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Mixture of bovine blood and rumen digesta (BBRDM) was evaluated for 56 days as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) and groundnut cake (GNC) at 100% on protein to protein basis in the diets of growing pigs to assess the nutritive value of BBRDM on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cost benefits. Hence, a total of 18 growing pigs were allotted on weight equalization basis into three dietary treatments consisting of six pigs per treatment in a completely randomized design. Three diets were formulated such that T : served as the control diet without BBRDM but contained both soybean meal and 1 groundnut cake. T : BBRDM replaced soybean meal and T : BBRDM replaced groundnut 2 3 cake. Result indicated that BBRDM contained 28.65% crude protein, 13.17% ether extract, 5.26% crude fibre, 11.29% ash and 31.65% nitrogen free extract. Dietary treatments did not significantly (P>0.05) influenced the growth parameters observed in this study. Although there were no significant (P>0.05) difference on the nutrient digestibility parameters investigated but birds in T recorded highest numerical values for crude protein (77.23), 3 crude fibre (62.46%), ether extract (92.33%), nitrogen free extract (89.61%), ash (70.28%) and nutrient dry matter (91.67%) while the least values were obtained from birds in T . Cost 1 of feed decreased with the inclusion of BBRDM while the cost per weight gain also improved with the replacement of the conventional feed ingredients. The result also showed that an appreciable amount of money was saved when BBRDM was included in the ration of growing pigs. It is therefore concluded that BBRDM could be used as an animal protein source to compliment plant protein source such as soybean meal and groundnut cake in the diet of growing pigs.

scholarly journals Digestibility and net energy prediction of rice by products determined with piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciele Dalise Schirmann ◽  
Leonardo Tombesi da Rocha ◽  
Henrique da Costa Mendes Muniz ◽  
Josué Sebastiany Kunzler ◽  
Micheli Faccin Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, and net energy (NE) of broken rice (BRR), stabilized rice bran (SRB), and parboiled rice bran (PRB) for piglets. Two digestibility trials were performed with 12 and 18 male pigs with initial weights of 8 and 16kg, respectively. We performed total fecal collection using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy were higher (P<0.001) for the BRR compared to the SRB and PRB. The PRB presented a digestible energy 2% lower than that of BR and 5% higher than that of SRB. For BRR, average NE value was 3,228kcal/kg dry matter (DM), and the difference between the lower and higher value was 311kcal/kg DM. Average NE values of SRB and PRB were 2,896 and 3,293kcal/kgDM, respectively. The difference between the energy predicted by each equation reached 190kcal/kgDM for SRB and 285kcal/kgDM for PRB. In conclusion, BRR showed higher nutrient digestibility coefficients, except for EE and GE, which can be attributed to differences in the production processes. Regardless of the type of feedstuff tested, equations to predict NE values should be used carefully due to considerable differences in energy content.

Degradation of Nitrogen Fraction in Kacang Goats Feed Supplementation Calliandra сalothyrsus Substituted Soybean Meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Kustantinah Kustantinah ◽  
Bambang Suhartanto ◽  
Edwin Indarto ◽  
Insani Hubi Zulfa ◽  
Fajar Ajimukti Atmojo
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Range Test

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Calliandra leaves (Calliandra calothyrsus) as a protein source in the Kacang goat’s diet and as an alternative to substitute the use of soybean meal (SBM) in goat’s diets. The proportion of C. calothyrsus feed substitution and SBM is T1 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% SBM; T2 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 25% C. calothyrsus + 75% SBM; T3 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 50% C. calothyrsus + 50% SBM; T4 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 75% C. calothyrsus + 25% SBM; and T5 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% C. calothyrsus. The last 10 days, collections was conducted include total collections of feeding, the residue of the feed, and feces. The parameters observed were intake and nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) (% CP), and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) (% CP). Data obtained from the study were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, then if the results show significant differences, it will be analyzed further with Duncan's new multiple range test. The results showed that C. calothyrsus substitution treatment of 25 to 100% (T2, T3, T4, T5) gives noticeable influence (P<0.05) for nutrient intakes, excretion (feces), and digested nutrients. The highest intake and digestible fraction of N-NDF, N-ADF, NDIN, and ADIN is the T5 treatment, which is the replacement of SBM with 100% C. calothyrsus (P<0.05).

Apparent nutrient digestibility of two raw diets in domestic kittens

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A Hamper ◽  
Claudia A Kirk ◽  
Joseph W Bartges
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Gross Energy

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate overall dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy digestibility of a feline commercial raw diet and a homemade raw diet compared with a canned, heat-processed diet. Methods Six domestic shorthair kittens (20–28 weeks old) were fed three different diets in a Latin square crossover design. Diet A was a commercially available, canned, heat-processed diet. Diet B was a complete commercial, prefrozen, raw diet (commercial raw), and diet C was a raw diet supplement mixed with ground raw meat obtained locally (homemade raw). Both diets A and B were formulated to meet nutritional profile levels for cats at all life stages. Kittens were given specific diet amounts to maintain a 2–4% weight increase per week. Food was measured before and after feedings to determine the amount eaten, and all feces were collected, weighed and frozen prior to submission. Composite food samples and all feces were submitted to a national laboratory for proximate analysis of crude protein, crude fiber, ash, crude fat, moisture and caloric density. Results Significantly higher digestibility of dry matter ( P <0.001), organic matter ( P <0.001), crude protein ( P <0.001) and gross energy ( P <0.001) was seen in the raw diets compared with the heat-processed diets. This difference resulted in significantly less fecal matter ( P <0.001) despite similar levels of intake and kcal ingested, and evidence of no difference in fecal scores. Conclusions and relevance Higher dry matter, organic matter and protein digestibility was seen in two commercial raw diets compared with a heat-processed diet. Digestibility differences could have been due to variance in dietary protein, fat and carbohydrate concentrations between the diets, variance in dietary ingredients or quality, alterations in protein structure secondary to heat processing, as well as alterations in gastrointestinal flora. Future research examining digestibility in diets with the same macronutrient proportions and ingredients, and mechanisms for any differences, is warranted.

EFFECTS OF INCREASING THE ENERGY VALUE OF A WHOLE MILK DIET FOR CALVES. I. NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN RETENTION

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
E. E. LISTER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Calves

In each of four metabolism trials using male Holstein calves, the biological value (BV) of whole milk protein was improved by increasing the energy:protein ratio through addition of glucose or butterfat. Cow’s milk, which provided 21.7–23.8 kcal digestible energy (DE)/g digestible crude protein (DCP) had a BV of 73–78, whereas supplementation with glucose to provide 28 kcal DE/g DCP increased the BV to 84–86. Higher levels of glucose providing 31–32 kcal DE/g DCP tended to further elevate the BV to 87–89 but some diarrhea occurred in younger calves. Attempts to provide larger quantities of energy by increasing the amount of glucose resulted in severe diarrhea and the consistent detection of glucose in the feces. Except where the diarrhea was severe, digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy were not affected by increasing quantities of glucose in the diet. Protein digestibility, however, was depressed in each metabolism trial when higher levels (8–10% glucose monohydrate) were added to whole milk.

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