Selenium concentration in the blood of ruminants grazing in Northern New South Wales. 2. Relationship with geological, pedological and other variables

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Langlands ◽  
JE Bowles ◽  
AJ Smith ◽  
GE Donald
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Concentrations

Selenium concentrations in blood from cattle from 794 farms in northern New South Wales were classified on the basis of underlying parent material, soil type, altitude and rainfall. Blood selenium concentrations declined from west to east, and with increasing rainfall and altitude; low concentrations were particularly evident on both acid and basic igneous rocks. There were significant differences between basalts in different locations and between particular plutonic bodies. Cattle grazing on soils with contrasting and gradational profiles generally had lower selenium concentrations than those grazing on soils with uniform profiles. Podzolic soils and chocolate-prairie and kraznozem-chocolate soil associations were present in areas with low blood selenium concentrations.

Digital mapping of pre-European soil carbon stocks and decline since clearing over New South Wales, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gray ◽  
Thomas F. A. Bishop ◽  
Peter L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Over The Top

Digital soil models and maps have been developed for pre-European (pre-clearing) levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) over New South Wales, Australia. These provide a useful first estimate of natural, unaltered soil conditions before agricultural development, which are potentially important for many carbon-accounting schemes such as those prescribed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, carbon-turnover models such as RothC, and soil-condition monitoring programs. The modelling approach adopted included multiple linear regression and Cubist piecewise linear decision trees. It used 1690 soil profiles from undisturbed or only lightly disturbed native vegetation sites across all of eastern Australia, together with a range of covariates representing key soil-forming factors. The digital soil maps of pre-clearing SOC (% and mass) over New South Wales provide a more sophisticated alternative to currently available, equivalent maps. Independent validation of the SOC mass predictions over the top 30 cm revealed a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.76, which was 13% higher than the currently used map. Total pre-clearing SOC stocks amount to 4.21 Gt in the top 30 cm, which compared with a current stock estimate of 3.68 Gt, suggesting a total SOC loss of ~0.53 Gt over the entire state. The extent of SOC decline in both absolute and relative terms was found to be highly dependent on the climate, parent material and land use regime, reaching a maximum decline of 44.3 t/ha or 50.0% relative loss in cooler (moist) conditions over mafic parent materials under regular cropping use. The models also provide valuable pedological insights into the factors controlling SOC levels under natural conditions.

The intake and performance of cattle grazing irrigated pastures. 2. Effect of pasture length on growth of steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
South Wales ◽  
And Performance

The organic matter intakes (OMI) and liveweight of twenty-four weaner steers grazing either short or long irrigated annual pastures were compared during May to November in 1964 and 1965 at Leeton, New South Wales. The OMI were estimated from determinations of faeces organic matter output using chromic oxide dilution, and of digestibility estimated from a faeces nitrogen-digestibility relationship for pen-fed cattle. Weaners that grazed the short or long pasture did not differ significantly in final liveweights (356 v.361 kg respectively, 1964; 357 v.361 kg, 1965) or OMI (4.99 v.5.42 kg day-1, 1964; 5.78 v.6.06 kg day-1, 1965) although available dry matter was less (P < 0.05) in short than in long pastures in both years. The OMI were commensurate with the 0.6 kg mean daily liveweight gains of weaners, which however were smaller than other reported growth rates, and an unsatisfactory production from the costly pastures. The reasons for the small liveweight gains are unknown but it is suggested that high moisture contents (85 per cent) of pastures restricted intake, or that high clover contents (58 per cent) caused bloating and rumen distension which thereby restricted intake.

Distribution of Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Warrens in relation to Soil Type

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parer ◽  
JA Libke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
High Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Rabbit warrens in a semiarid environment of New South Wales were concentrated in those areas where impact penetrometer readings indicated friable soil to a depth of at least 75 cm. Isolated warrens in areas with few warrens were found in restricted patches of favourable soil. The absence of warrens from areas with shallow soil was considered to be due to high soil temperatures. The distribution of the rabbit in Australia was examined in relation to deep soil temperatures. It was suggested that the application of bituminous coating on ripped warrens may be a useful technique for the control of rabbits in the arid zone.

An analysis of Atriplex inflata populations from western New South Wales

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Malik ◽  
DJ Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Type Water ◽  
And Performance

Pattern analyses of density and performance data collected from separate populations of Atriplex inflata in the western Riverine Plain of New South Wales consistentiy indicated two linear scales of contagion at 2-4 and 16 m. The largerscale plant pattern corresponds to a similar pattern of microtopographical variation but regressions of density alone on microtopography are significant, indicating possible alternative mechanisms for establishment (as indicated by density data) and subsequent performance (as indicated by cover data). The performance of A. inflata plants has been assessed experimentally on a range of natural soils and in controlled nutrient solution culture. The results suggest that performance (as estimated by dry weight yield) is significantly affected by soil type, water stress, and a soil type ° water stress interaction. The prime effect of soil variation on yield appears to be mediated by variation in soil cation balance.

Co-Occurrence of Vulpia Species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mcintyre ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Ecological Amplitude ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Site Characteristics

A survey of 100 sites on the northern tablelands, New South Wales (Australia) was conducted to determine the composition of Vulpia populations in ruderal and pasture habitats. Of the four species recorded, two were widespread and common [Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray and V. myuros (L.) Gmel.] and two were rare and newly recorded for the region [V. muralis (Kunth) Nees and V. ciliata (Pers.) Link]. Mixed stands of the two common species occurred at 88% of the sites sampled, although V. bromoides was more abundant with an average frequency of 61% compared with 38% for V. myuros. Two forms of V. myuros were present and these usually occurred in mixed stands, with forma myuros more widespread and abundant than forma megalura [V. megalura (Nutt.) Rydb.]. Relative frequencies were compared for a range of site characteristics: habitat type, parent material, latitude, aspect and altitude. However, variation in abundance of V. bromoides and V. myuros in relation to these factors was insignificant, suggesting that both species have a broad ecological amplitude. Although ecological differentiation between species could not be detected at the scale of this survey, it is likely that such differences may exist at a smaller spatial, or on a temporal scale.

Studies of the effects of energy, protein and mineral supplementation to cattle grazing naturalised pastures on the North Coast of New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lloyd Davies ◽  
D. Petrie ◽  
R. Paliskis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
The North ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures

A series of experiments were conducted to measure the response by cattle grazing 'native pastures' on the North Coast of New South Wales to supplements of energy, protein and the administration of mineral supplements.In all experiments there were liveweight responses to both energy and protein supplements. The magnitude of the response to the grain supplements was affected by treatment of the grain with extruded grain tending to give a superior liveweight response. The response to nitrogen supplements differed between non-protein-nitrogen (urea) and protein — always in favour of the protein supplement. There were no liveweight responses to copper cobalt or selenium. Supplemental copper administered in a variety of ways increased liver copper concentration, plasma copper and ceruloplasmin and coat colour changed from yellow to red. The low copper storage levels were not associated with high molybdenum values in the feed on offer. Administration of selenium did not increase the unsatisfactory pregnancy rate but did raise the level of circulating glutathione peroxidase.

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