An ultrasound technique to measure placental growth in ewes

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Kelly ◽  
JP Newnham ◽  
T Johnson ◽  
EJ Speijers
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Mean Diameter

Changes in mean diameter of cotyledons were measured from day 45 to 141 of pregnancy using real time ultrasound on 40 3-6-year-old Merino ewes, averaging 46 kg liveweight at day 45, and carrying one foetus. Observations were made at about 2-weekly intervals. Half of the ewes were sacrificed at day 94 and the remainder at day 141 to correlate the observations taken during pregnancy with actual data. There was a significant quadratic relationship (P < 0.001) between mean cotyledon diameter and a square root transformation of day of pregnancy. Maximum diameter of the cotyledons, as estimated by real time ultrasound, occurred at the observation on day 80 of pregnancy. The between-ewe comparison of mean diameter of the cotyledons measured by ultrasound just prior to slaughter with actual mean diameter recorded at slaughter showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) for both the day 94 (r = 0.69) and day 141 (r = 0.71) results. Within ewes, the correlation between diameter and weight of the cotyledon was high (0.92, 0.86 for days 94 and 141 respectively), and the slope of the linear regression was less (P < 0.001) on day 141 than day 94 (0.45 v 0.32). Eighty-three per cent of the variation between ewes in total weight of cotyledons on day 94 of pregnancy was accounted for by a regression using sex of foetus, number of cotyledons and mean diameter of cotyledons measured by ultrasound on day 80 of pregnancy. In comparison, for day 141 of pregnancy 49% of the variation between ewes in total weight of cotyledons was accounted for by a regression using mean diameter on day 66 of pregnancy and number of cotyledons. The technique has potential value in studying patterns of development of the cotyledons during pregnancy in the ewe, but further validation is necessary.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Rhaphiodon vulpinus (Ostariophysi: Cynodontidae) in the Tocantins River Basin, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa L. Neuberger ◽  
Elineide E. Marques ◽  
Carlos S. Agostinho ◽  
Rafael J. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
Relative Fecundity ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Tocantins River ◽  
The Individual

In order to evaluate aspects of the reproductive biology of Rhaphiodon vulpinus in the Upper and Middle Tocantins River, samples were taken monthly from October, 1999 through September, 2001, by means of gill nets. Males, which were more abundant than females (chi2 146.87: df=1: p<0.05), matured at a smaller size. The reproductive period of the species extended essentially from November through January, with a peak of activity in November. Fecundity, with an estimated mean value of 98,185 oocytes, varied from 38,177 to 215,841 oocytes, and it did not correlate with the length of the individual female analyzed (r=0.4663: p=0.206). Relative fecundity was 130.6 oocytes/g total weight. Mature oocytes had a mean diameter of 0.98 mm, corresponding to a volume of 0.50 mm³.

scholarly journals Comparing plastic syringes and disposable columns to extract n-alkanes in forage and concentrate feeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1844-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Estrasulas de Oliveira ◽  
Luis Orlindo Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disposable Plastic

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) were extracted from feed, orts, and bovine fecal samples using disposable, plastic 5mL-syringes as an alternative material to disposable columns, which are normally used in the liquid-solid extraction phase of n-alkanes. For both methods, the n-alkane extracts (carbon chain length between 31 and 36 atoms) were identified using gas chromatography. The linear regression between methods were: 1) feces: column Alkane=2.63+0.92×syringeAlkane [r²=0.94, square root of the mean square error (RMSE)=13.7mg kg-1, n=30] from which the intercept and the slope did not simultaneously differ from zero and unity (P>0.05), respectively; 2) feeds: column Alkane=0.36+1.12×syringeAlkane (r²=0.85, RMSE=1.9mg kg-1, n=21) from which the intercept and the slope did not simultaneously differ from zero and unity (P>0.05), respectively; 3) orts: column Alkane=0.49+0.92×syringeAlkane (r²=0.98, RMSE=1.2mg kg-1, n=15) from which the intercept and the slope did not simultaneously differ from zero and unity (P>0.05), respectively. Materials with low concentration of n-alkanes may affect the values obtained in both methods. These results suggested that disposable plastic syringes might be a viable alternative to columns thus, reducing analytical costs.

NCOG-31. GIANT PITUITARY ADENOMA (GPA) SCORE: A NOVEL SCORING SYSTEM TO PREDICT POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES OF GIANT PITUITARY ADENOMAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi158-vi158
Author(s):  
Syed Ather Enam ◽  
Fauzan Alam Hashmi ◽  
Sanam Mir Ghazi ◽  
Ahsan Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Giant Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Giant Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Suprasellar Extension

Abstract BACKGROUND Giant pituitary adenomas (GPA) are uncommon and highly variable in morphology and extension. There is no scoring system that considers all the dimensions of adenoma invasion. We developed a new Giant Pituitary Adenoma score and report our surgical experience and evaluate outcomes after resection of these tumors in accordance with the preoperative score. METHODS We developed a novel scoring system for classifying giant pituitary adenomas, and 11-year data of GPA surgery at our center was collected retrospectively, based on this scoring system. GPA Score considered tumor’s parasellar extension, encasement of cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA), suprasellar extension &gt; 2 cm, suprasellar extension &gt; 4cm and retrosellar extension. Maximum possible score was 9. The scoring system was applied to 53 patients of GPA who underwent surgical resection between January 1, 2006, and December 2017. The Lundin-Pederson (ABC/2) method was used to calculate the tumor volume both pre- and post-resection and linear regression was used to assess the relationship between extent of tumor resection and GPA score. RESULTS The median age of the study population was 42.08 ± 16.49 years. The mean maximum diameter of the pituitary adenomas was 5.0 cm (range 4.0 cm-8.5cm) while the mean volume of the adenomas was 27.3 cm3 (range 10 cm3-149 cm3). There were 3 cases of score 2, 5 cases of score 3, 13 cases of score 4, 20 cases of score 5, 9 cases of score 6 and 3 cases of score 7. The range of tumor volumes of tumors for scores from 2-7 was 17.3 cm3 to 65.8 cm3 and GPA score was correlated with the percent residual tumor using linear regression that was statistically significant (p= 0.001). CONCLUSION GPA Score is a reliable scoring system to predict the extent and subsequent difficulty in tumor resection in GPA.

scholarly journals Traffic Updates: Saying a Lot While Revealing a Little

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 986-995
Author(s):  
John Krumm ◽  
Eric Horvitz
Keyword(s):  
Random Field ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Markov Random Field ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Vehicle Occupant ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
Traffic Speed

Taking speed reports from vehicles is a proven, inexpensive way to infer traffic conditions. However, due to concerns about privacy and bandwidth, not every vehicle occupant may want to transmit data about their location and speed in real time. We show how to drastically reduce the number of transmissions in two ways, both based on a Markov random field for modeling traffic speed and flow. First, we show that a only a small number of vehicles need to report from each location. We give a simple, probabilistic method that lets a group of vehicles decide on which subset will transmit a report, preserving privacy by coordinating without any communication. The second approach computes the potential value of any location’s speed report, emphasizing those reports that will most affect the overall speed inferences, and omitting those that contribute little value. Both methods significantly reduce the amount of communication necessary for accurate speed inferences on a road network.

scholarly journals Control of Citrus Thrips on Lemons, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
D. L. Kerns ◽  
T. Tellez
Keyword(s):  
Square Root ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Fruit Damage

Abstract Eight year old lemon trees in Yuma, AZ were treated with insecticides for control of citrus thrips. The treatments were arranged in a RCB design, consisting of four replicates. Each plot (30 by 90 ft) consisted of three trees 30 ft apart in a row. Applications were made using a backpack air-blast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Treatments were initiated approximately 14 days after petal fall and were applied on Apr 3, Apr 30 and May 15. Evaluations were made on 5 Apr, 9 Apr, 15 Apr, 23 Apr, 29 Apr, 2 May, 6 May, 13 May, 17 May, 20 May and 29 May. Percent infested fruit were estimated by sampling by sampling ten fruit per tree for the presence or absence of immature CT. Fruit damage was assessed on Aug 16 by rating the degree of rind scarring: 1 = no scarring, 2 = slight scarring around the calyx, 3 = significant scarring around the calyx, 4 = slight scarring on the side of the fruit and 5 = major scarring on the side of the fruit. Percentage fruit infested with immature CT were transformed using a square-root transformation for analysis, percentage values are presented in the tables. Differences among treatments were separated using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.

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