Sodium chloride and soil texture interactions in irrigated field grown sultana grapevines. III. Soil and root system effects

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Prior ◽  
AM Grieve ◽  
PG Slavich ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Five salinity treatments, ranging between 0.37 and 3.47 dS m-1, were applied through a trickle irrigation system to own-rooted sultana grapevines for six years. The changes in soil salinity levels and the relationship between soil salinity and yield were studied, and a simplified salt balance model was developed to calculate leaching fractions. Soil salinity was strongly influenced by soil texture as well as by salt treatment, because leaching fractions were lower in heavier soils; they averaged 23% in the lightest soils and 10% in the heaviest. Leaching fractions also increased with salt treatment, from 7% in the 0.37 dS m-1 treatment to 24% in the 3.47 dS m-1 treatment. This was probably because water use by salinized vines was lower. Yield was correlated with mean soil salinity, ECe, but the relationship was not as good as with plant salinity levels. The fitted model accounted for between 52 and 62% of the variance. It was concluded that soil salinity levels at the end of winter should be maintained below 1.0 dS m-1 in order to keep yield losses below 10%. For own-rooted sultana grapevines in Sunraysia, this requires a leaching fraction of about 8%. Rootzone depth and root density were lower in the heavier soils, and were decreased by salt treatment. The deleterious effects of salt treatment on clay dispersion and soil hydraulic conductivity were also greater in the heavier soils. Soil properties must therefore be considered when predicting the effects of saline water on crop productivity, especially in the long term.

Sodium chloride and soil texture interactions in irrigated field grown sultana grapevines. I. Yield and fruit quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Prior ◽  
AM Grieve ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Theoretical Yield ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Salinity Levels

The effects of the salinity of irrigation water on the productivity of mature grapevines was studied. We injected NaCl solutions into River Murray water to generate five salinity levels ranging from 0.37 to 3.47 dS m-l, with sodium adsorption ratios of between 2 and 37. These treatments were applied through a trickle irrigation system for six years to own-rooted sultana grapevines growing in a vineyard at Dareton, N.S.W. The effect of irrigation water salinity was most severe on vines growing in the most heavily textured soil, and increased with time. The yield (y) response was well described by the generalized logistic function: y = D[1+(ECi/ECih)�]-1 where y is yield, ECi is salinity of irrigation water, D is the theoretical yield at ECi=0, Ecih is the half-effect ECi and a: is the shape parameter. Soil texture affected the response via an effect on ECih and, to a lesser extent, on �. These parameters were related to % (silt & clay) in the final model, which was fitted for each of years 2 to 6 and accounted for 76.2% of the variance in yield. The yield response on the lightest soil most closely resembled the Maas-Hoffman 'bent-stick' model, being relatively flat at low levels of ECi and becoming steeper at moderate salinity levels. Yield losses for heavy soils were much greater than predicted by the Maas-Hoffman model. Bunch number was the primary determinant of yield, while a lower berry weight also contributed to the reduction in yield in salinised vines. Effects on dried fruit quality were apparent only when yield was severely reduced.

Long-term effects of saline irrigation water on 'Valencia' orange trees: relationships between growth and yield, and salt levels in soil and leaves

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Prior ◽  
A. M. Grieve ◽  
K. B. Bevington ◽  
P. G. Slavich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Eastern Australia

This study documents changes in yield, growth, soil salinity (ECe) and leaf sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) concentrations in mature Valencia orange [Citrus sinensis (L.Osbeck)] trees on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) rootstock in response to increased levels of Na and Cl in irrigation water. Four levels of salt, ranging from the river-water control (0.44 dS/m) to 2.50 dS/m, were applied over a 9-year period through an under-tree microsprinkler system to trees in the Sunraysia area of the Murray Valley in south-eastern Australia. A salt-balance model showed that evapotranspiration was reduced by salinity, whereas leaching fractions increased from an average 24% in the control to 51% in the most saline treatment. The high leaching fractions were achieved as a result of freely draining soils and good irrigation management, and allowed us to maintain low to moderate levels of soil salinity throughout the trial and minimised the effect of salt treatment on fruit yield. Soil salinity increased almost linearly in response to irrigation-water salinity during the first year, and fluctuated seasonally thereafter; however, very few readings exceeded 3 dS/m, even in the highest treatments. By contrast, leaf Na and Cl concentrations in the highest salt treatment continued to increase over the first 4 years. The relationship between yield and soil salinity was extremely weak, but yield did decrease as foliar concentrations of Na and Cl increased: in Year 9, leaf Na in the highest treatment relative to the control was associated with a predicted reduction of 17% in yield and 59% in annual trunk-diameter growth.

scholarly journals Yield of different rice cultivars at two levels of soil salinity under seawater intrusion in West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuning Argo Subekti ◽  
Hasil Sembiring ◽  
Erythrina ◽  
Dedi Nugraha ◽  
Bhakti Priatmojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
West Java ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Abstract. Subekti NA, Sembiring H, Erythrina, Nugraha D, Priatmojo B, Nafisah. 2020. Yield of different rice cultivars at two levels of soil salinity under seawater intrusion in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 14-20. A tendency to use saline water in rice production is rising in recent years, but the adaptation of variety under saline conditions is still questionable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of several rice cultivars on the growth and yield of rice under seawater intrusion in West Java. Two salt-tolerant cultivars (Inpari 34 and Inpari 35), two promising lines (PL-1 and PL-2) and two modern cultivars (Inpari 30 (Ciherang sub1) and Sidenuk) were evaluated in two soil salinity levels. In each farmer's field a Randomized Complete Block Design was applied with three replications per treatment. Results showed that Sidenuk and Inpari 30 produced same yield compared to tolerant varieties and promising lines during dry season under moderate soil salinity. There were not much different among the cultivars tested in terms of plant height and tiller number as well as the biomass and harvest index. However, under high soil salinity seed germination, plant height, number of tillers per plant, above-ground biomass, spikelet number, percent of sterile florets and productivity were significantly affected. Saline tolerant varieties Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 showed their superiority compared to non-tolerant varieties. Both varieties produced 40% higher yield than Inpari 30 (Ciherang sub 1) and Sidenuk.

scholarly journals Studying soil-reclamation state of rice agricultural landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Malysheva ◽  
Sergey Kizinek ◽  
Anna Khadzhidi ◽  
Lyudmila Kravchenko ◽  
Valeriia Chegge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Type

The article presents studies of the soil-reclamation state of rice agricultural landscapes of Krasnodar Territory using the example of the Chernoyerovskaya irrigation system. The direction of changes in soil salinity over a long-term period was revealed. In the framework of monitoring the state of rice soils, salt survey was carried out. The degree, type and causes of their salinization have been determined, the relationship between the salt regime of soils and the regime of the level and chemical composition of groundwater has been established. Recommendations for managing the fertility of rice agricultural landscapes are given.

THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL SALINITY LEVELS AND THE GRAIN YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF BARLEY GROWN ON STUBBLE LAND

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Critical Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of fertilizer P, N and N-P combined on barley grain yield and protein content when grown on stubble land ranging widely in surface salinity (0–60 cm depth) was tested. Critical salinity levels were calculated from linear regression equations derived from sampling sites with surface salinity levels [Formula: see text]. Added P did not appear to affect the salt tolerance of barley. Yield increases due to fertilizer N were reduced rapidly as soil salinity levels increased and in one trial appeared to reduce the tolerance of barley to salinity. Calculated salinity levels at 50% and zero yield of N-fertilized barley were lower than for barley not fertilized with N. Calculated salinity levels at zero yield for the control and P treatments were 18.5 and 15.1 mS∙cm−1, respectively. These levels compared favorably with values reported in the literature for barley grown on saline fallowed land. Protein content of barley grain increased with an addition of N and with salinity. The latter fact could be largely explained by a strong positive correlation between soil salinity and soil NO3−-N levels and to a lesser degree by a reduction in yield with increasing salinity. Key words: Salinity, barley, fertilizer effects, yield, protein

scholarly journals Nutrients Content in Some Vegetables Grown in South-Central Coastal Regions of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
AKM Faruk E Azam ◽  
Md Taifur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Maniruzzaman ◽  
Abdullah Al Zabir ◽  
Md Nizam Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
South Central ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses for crop production. A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between salinity level and nutrient contents in some popular vegetables grown in some selected tidal areas of Barguna and Patuakhali districts of Bangladesh. Samples of six different vegetables such as bottle gourd leaf (Lagenaria siceraria), sweet gourd leaf (Cucurbita maxima), radish leaf (Raphanus sativus), bean (Lablab niger), red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were collected along with soils from different locations of the study areas and were analyzed for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S) contents. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. In saline areas, comparatively lower amounts of P, K, Ca, Mg and S were detected in most of the collected vegetables than those of non-saline areas. Conversely, bottle gourd leaf, radish leaf and bean accumulated comparatively higher amount of Ca at higher salinity levels. The uptake of P by bottle gourd leaf and radish leaf, Mg by bottle gourd leaf and red amaranth was also higher in the saline soil. The inconsistent uptake of Ca, Mg and P were found in some vegetables due to the differences of fertilizer application and intercultural operation. The vegetables could tolerate moderate soil salinity (soil EC up to7.9 dSm-1) and might be recommended to grow in the tidal saline areas of Barguna and Patuakhali districts of Bangladesh. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 43-57

Sodium chloride and soil texture interactions in irrigated field grown sultana grapevines. II. Plant mineral content, growth and physiology

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Prior ◽  
AM Grieve ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Salinity Levels

Effects of salinity on the mineral composition, growth and physiology of field-grown sultana grapevines were studied by adding NaCl solution to River Murray water. Five salt treatments, ranging between 0.37 and 3.47 dS m-l, were applied for six seasons. Petiole levels of Cl and Na were better predictors of yield than were lamina levels. There was no evidence of safe threshold salinity levels, so grapevine growers should aim to keep tissue salinity levels as low as possible, certainly below 1.5% and 0.5% for petiole Cl and Na respectively. Yield was affected not only by the salinity of the tissue in the current season, but also by tissue salinity in the preceding seasons. A model was developed which included previous tissue salinity measurements. Salt treatment reduced all growth parameters measured-pruning weight, shoot length, cane number and leaf and petiole weight. Decreases in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured in the field in leaves of salinised vines, but leaf water potential was not affected. These decreases in photosynthetic rate are the probable cause of the severe yield and growth reductions in salinised vines.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Salinity and Crop Production in Different Hydrological Regimes Downstream of Muhuri Regulator

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p203
Author(s):  
A.K.M.Alauddin Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Rashidul Alam ◽  
Md. Abdus Sattar ◽  
Md. Abdul Quddus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unprotected Area ◽  
Hydrological Regimes

A large landmass was formed at the downstream of Feni river due to the construction of Muhuri regulator at a cross dam in Mirsaraiupazila of Chittagong district. But this land is more vulnerable to storm and tidal surges leading to saline water intrusion. The study site was selected from this area to investigate the relationship between salinity and crop production. Soil samples were collected from different hydrological regimes such as old protected area, new protected area, unprotected area and affected area from topsoil, subsoil and substratum in both wet and dry period. Crop yield of the sampling plots were recorded through farmer’s interview. It was found that, salinity of the study area was less than 4 dS/m both in aman and rabi season. Rice is a semi-tolerant crop (it can tolerate salinity up to 4 dS/m). So no significant relationship between soil salinity and rice yield was observed. Farmers of this area mainly cultivate khesari crop in rabi season. A significant positive correlation (correlation coefficient 0.97) was found between the soil salinity and khesari yield in unprotected area. Water salinity inside the cross dam was around 0.1 dS/m (rabi season), which is considered excellent for irrigation. But outside the cross dam it ranged in between 4.8-5.4 dS/m in aman season and 12.4-20.8 dS/m in rabi season, which was extremely toxic for irrigation for the cultivation boro rice. Although soil salinity permits to cultivate HYV rice in a man season but water logging is the main constraint. HYV rice in boro season can be cultivated in old and new protected area by utilizing Feni river water inside the Muhuri regulator and closure dam for irrigation purpose. But in unprotected area, it can not be cultivated due lack of suitable irrigation water and tidal flooding. In the study area, non-irrigated crop like khesari can be grown successfully just after aman season by utilizing residual soil moisture.

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