Photosynthetic light and temperature responses of Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Ngugi ◽  
Mark A. Hunt ◽  
David Doley ◽  
Paul Ryan ◽  
Peter J. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Eucalyptus Cloeziana

Acclimation of gas exchange to temperature and light was determined in 18-month-old plants of humid coastal (Gympie) and dry inland (Hungry Hills) provenances of Eucalyptus cloeziana F.Muell., and in those of a dry inland provenance of Eucalyptus argophloia Blakely. Plants were acclimated at day/night temperatures of 18/13, 23/18, 28/23 and 33/28�C in controlled-temperature glasshouses for 4 months. Light and temperature response curves were measured at the beginning and end of the acclimation period. There were no significant differences in the shape and quantum-yield parameters among provenances at 23, 28 and 33�C day temperatures. Quantum yield [μmol CO2 μmol–1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)] ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 and the light response shape parameter ranged from 0.53 to 0.78. Similarly, no consistent trends in the rate of dark respiration for plants of each provenance were identified at the four growth temperatures. Average values of dark respiration for the plants of the three provenances ranged from 0.61 to 1.86 μmol m–2 s–1. The optimum temperatures for net photosynthesis increased from 23 to 32�C for the humid- and from 25 to 33�C for the dry-provenance E. cloeziana and from 21 to 33�C for E. argophloia as daytime temperature of the growth environment increased from 18 to 33�C. These results have implications in predicting survival and productivity of E. cloeziana and E. argophloia in areas outside their natural distribution.

Genotypic Variation in Light and Temperature Response of Photosynthesis in Nothofagus solandri Var. cliffortioides and N. menziesii

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
OJ Sun ◽  
GB Sweet
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density

Responses of photosynthesis to light and temperature were studied in two Nothofagus species native to New Zealand: N. solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole and N. menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst.. Measurements of leaf photosynthesis were made in a controlled environment growth chamber at photosynthetic photon flux density between 0 and 700 μmol m-2 s-1 with temperatures set for 10, 20 and 25�C, on seedlings previously grown in a glasshouse from seed of three different origins. In both species, pronounced intraspecific variation was shown in dark respiration, light compensation point and light-saturated net photosynthesis (Amax). Seedlings of N. solandri showed higher dark respiration and light compensation levels than N. menziesii seedlings, but the two species did not differ in Amax. Change in temperature resulted in significant change in the response of photosynthesis to light in both N. solandri and N. menziesii. The differences between N. solandri and N. menziesii in light response of photosynthesis are discussed in terms of ecosystem dynamics of Nothofagus forests in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Light distribution within forest edges in relation to forest regeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Schmid ◽  
K. Klumpp ◽  
M. Kazda
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Clear Cut

Light conditions were measured along six transects from 35 m inside of a mixed Norway spruce/Scots pine forest to an adjoining clear-cut in NW-Austria. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PFD) was recorded every minute of the day from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. for three weeks in July. PFD decreases exponentially from the clear-cut to the interior of the forest following the gap fraction. Low light intensity classes (&lt; 50 &micro;mol photons m<sup>2</sup>/s) decrease from the stand towards the open, whereas the clear-cut receives light of higher intensities (&gt; 200 &micro;mol photons m<sup>2</sup>/s) for most of the day. PFD values assessed during the day were compared with photosynthetic light response curves measured on advanced planting of broadleaf species in the same stand. The high light compensation point of Quercus petraea enables carbon gain in deep shade for about 60% of the day. The other shade tolerant species Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus can perform net photosynthesis at 80% and 90% of the time, respectively. This reduces the possibility of advanced planting of light demanding species to the first few meters of the inner part of the forest edge.&nbsp;

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Response Curves

Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (An) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf An of “Green Tower” lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1,300 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc,max) at low (200 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) and high PPFD (1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QYm,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QYm,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QYm,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QYinc [gross CO2 assimilation (Ag)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. Vc,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 μmol m–2 s–1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. Ag and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QYinc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic responses of three common mosses from continental Antarctica

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN PANNEWITZ ◽  
T.G. ALLAN GREEN ◽  
KADMIEL MAYSEK ◽  
MARK SCHLENSOG ◽  
ROD SEPPELT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Victoria Land

Predicting the effects of climate change on Antarctic terrestrial vegetation requires a better knowledge of the ecophysiology of common moss species. In this paper we provide a comprehensive matrix for photosynthesis and major environmental parameters for three dominant Antarctic moss species (Bryum subrotundifolium, B. pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus). Using locations in southern Victoria Land, (Granite Harbour, 77°S) and northern Victoria Land (Cape Hallett, 72°S) we determined the responses of net photosynthesis and dark respiration to thallus water content, thallus temperature, photosynthetic photon flux densities and CO2 concentration over several summer seasons. The studies also included microclimate recordings at all sites where the research was carried out in field laboratories. Plant temperature was influenced predominantly by the water regime at the site with dry mosses being warmer. Optimal temperatures for net photosynthesis were 13.7°C, 12.0°C and 6.6°C for B. subrotundifolium, B. pseudotriquetrum and C. purpureus, respectively and fall within the known range for Antarctic mosses. Maximal net photosynthesis at 10°C ranked as B. subrotundifolium > B. pseudotriquetrum > C. purpureus. Net photosynthesis was strongly depressed at subzero temperatures but was substantial at 0°C. Net photosynthesis of the mosses was not saturated by light at optimal water content and thallus temperature. Response of net photosynthesis to increase in water content was as expected for mosses although B. subrotundifolium showed a large depression (60%) at the highest hydrations. Net photosynthesis of both B. subrotundifolium and B. pseudotriquetrum showed a large response to increase in CO2 concentration and this rose with increase in temperature; saturation was not reached for B. pseudotriquetrum at 20°C. There was a high level of variability for species at the same sites in different years and between different locations. This was substantial enough to make prediction of the effects of climate change very difficult at the moment.

scholarly journals Light response and photosynthesis in sorghum under field conditions

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Y. R. KENJLE ◽  
M. C. VARSHNEYA ◽  
T. R. U. NAIDU
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Light Response Curves ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

ABSTRACT. The diurnal variation of rate of photosynthesis (l') with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) model of light response curves and the relationship between PPFD and P were studied for two postmonsoon (rabi) sorghum genotypes, viz.. M35- I and RSV-9R under field conditions at Pune. The half maximal values. i.e., PPFD level at which P=Pmax/2 obtained were 1251 and 937 umolm-2s-1 for M35-l and RSV.9R respectively. The potential rates of photosynthesis were 65,79 and 64.52  umolm-2S-1 whereas the observed maximum rates of photosynthesis were lower. 40.93 and 46.66 umolm-2s-1 in M35-1 and RSV-9R Respectively, due to effect of air temperatures under the field conditions, n1e maximum rate of photosynthesis determined from the model decreased with delay in the sowing of the crop. Correlation coefficients between PPFD and rate of photosynthesis were 0,794 and 0,708 for M35-1 and RSV-9R respectively. The PPFD received and rate of photosynthesis decreased significantly with delay in sorghum sowing.    

Temperature Response of Whole-plant CO2 Exchange Rates of Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 511d-511
Author(s):  
Marc W. van Iersel ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Photosynthesis and respiration temperature-response curves are useful in predicting the ability of plants to perform under different environmental conditions. Whole crop CO2 exchange of two groups of magnolia `Greenback' plants was measured over a 26 °C temperature range. Net photosynthesis (Pnet) increased from 2 to 17% C and decreased again at higher temperatures. The Q10 for Pnet decreased from ≈4 at 6 °C to 0.5 at 24 °C. The decrease in Pnet at temperatures over 17 °C was caused by a rapid increase in dark respiration (Rdark) with increasing temperature. The Q10 for Rdark was estimated by fitting an exponential curve to data, resulting in a temperature-independent Q10 of 2.8. Gross photosynthesis (Pgross), estimated as the sum of Rdark and Pnet, increased over the entire temperature range (up to 25 °C). The Q10 for Pgross decreased with increasing temperature, but remained higher than 1. The data suggest that high respiration rates may be the limiting factor for growth of magnolia exposed to high temperatures, since it may result in a net carbon loss from the plants. At temperatures below 5 °C, both Pnet and Rdark become low and the net CO2 exchange of the plants would be expected to be minimal.

scholarly journals CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic light response curves, and water relations of 'Pêra' sweet orange plants infected with Xylella fastidiosa

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Habermann ◽  
Eduardo Caruso Machado ◽  
João Domingos Rodrigues ◽  
Camilo Lázaro Medina
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Response Curves

Plants with citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a disease caused by the xylem-limited bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, have leaves with water deficiency symptoms and are associated with decreases on the net photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Using healthy and CVC-affected 'Pêra' sweet orange plants on 'Rangpur' lime rootstock, the leaf gas exchange variables were measured with an open-gas portable photosynthesis system. All plants were watered and the leaf water potential (Yw) was measured by isopiestic thermocouple psychrometric technique. The net photosynthesis (A) vs. internal leaf CO2 concentration (A/Ci curves) was analyzed. The relative effect of stomatal resistance on photosynthesis (S%) and the estimation of carboxylation efficiency were calculated. The rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, stomatal conductance, and internal leaf CO2 concentration (Ci) were also measured while varying the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The S% values were approximately 30 % greater in infected plants when compared to healthy ones. The light compensation point for diseased plants was higher than in the healthy ones, and the saturation light point in plants with CVC was twofold lower. The lower Yw in diseased plants favours the hypothesis of xylem occlusion, which probably caused a lower water supply to the mesophyll, thus decreasing the photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Nevertheless, there was also a reduction in the photosynthetic metabolic activities, represented by lower carboxylation efficiency and photochemical disturbances that were detected in diseased plants.

Effect of temporally heterogeneous light on photosynthetic light use efficiency, plant acclimation and growth in Abatia parviflora

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Rey-Sanchez ◽  
Juan M. Posada
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Acclimation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Time Courses

Individual leaves have a unique instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at which net photosynthetic light use efficiency (ϵL, the ratio between net photosynthesis and PPFD) is maximised (PPFDϵmax). When PPFD is above or below PPFDϵmax, efficiency declines. Thus, we hypothesised that heterogeneous PPFD conditions should increase the amount of time leaves photosynthesise at a PPFD different than PPFDϵmax and result in reduced growth. To date, this prediction has not been rigorously tested. Here, we exposed seedlings of Abatia parviflora Ruiz &amp; Pav to light regimes of equal total daily irradiance but with three different daily time courses of PPFD: constant PPFD (No_H), low heterogeneity (Low_H) and high heterogeneity (High_H). Mean ϵL, leaf daily photosynthesis and plant growth were all significantly higher in No_H and Low_H plants than in High_H plants, supporting our hypothesis. In addition, mean ϵL was positively related to final plant biomass. Unexpectedly, High_H plants had more etiolated stems and more horizontal leaves than No_H and Low_H plants, possibly due to exposure to low PPFD in the morning and afternoon. In conclusion, PPFD heterogeneity had an important effect on average ϵL, photosynthesis and growth, but also on allocation and plant morphology.

scholarly journals Red and Blue Netting Alters Leaf Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Apple Trees

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Richard M. Bastías ◽  
Pasquale Losciale ◽  
Camilla Chieco ◽  
Luca Corelli-Grappadelli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

There is little information about the role of red and blue light on leaf morphology and physiology in fruit trees, and more studies have been developed in herbaceous plants grown under controlled light conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of red and blue screens on morpho-anatomy and gas exchange in apple leaves grown under ambient sunlight conditions. Apple trees cv. Fuji were covered by 40% red and blue nets, leaving trees with 20% white net as control. Light relations (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD; red to far-red light ratio, R/FR and blue to red light ratio, B/R), morpho-anatomical features of the leaf (palisade to spongy mesophyll ratio, P/S, and stomata density, SD) and leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate, An; stomatal conductance, gs; transpiration rate, E; and intrinsic water use efficiency, IWUE) were evaluated. Red and blue nets reduced 27% PPFD, reducing by 20% SD and 25% P/S compared to control, but without negative effects on An and gs. Blue net increased gs 21%, leading to the highest E and lowest IWUE by increment of B/R light proportion. These findings demonstrate the potential use of red and blue nets for differential modulation of apple leaf gas exchange through sunlight management under field conditions.

Variations in photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits and correlations with growth in recently selected Populus hybrids

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ceulemans ◽  
I. Impens ◽  
V. Steenackers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Shoot Height

Several photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits were studied on 1- and 2-year-old fast growing Populus clones representing interspecific hybrids of P. deltoides, P. trichocarpa, and P. maximowiczii. Growth performance of the clones was studied with container-grown plants and for 5 years in the field. Considerable variation in photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits was found, but variation in growth differences among the clonal groups was minimal. Photosynthetic photon flux density saturated net photosynthesis of 1-year-old container-grown plants was significantly correlated with shoot height growth, but none of the other leaf traits measured showed a significant correlation with any of the growth characteristics. Clonal groups could be segregated by taxonomic and genetic affinities with hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. Although enzymatic and biochemical traits (area leaf weight, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities, protein content) and adaxial stomatal frequency can be used to discriminate among clonal groups, no significant regression of these leaf traits on growth performance was observed.

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