scholarly journals An introduction to Caladenia R.Br. - Australasia's jewel among terrestrial orchids

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. ii ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley W. Dixon ◽  
Stephen D. Hopper

Caladenia is a genus of more than 250 species of geophytic orchids in the Tribe Diurideae endemic to the Australasian Region. The genus in this broad sense has an exceptional diversity of insect pollination adaptations among its colourfully adorned species, from food-rewarding generalists to specialists achieving pollination by sexual deception of male thynnid wasps. The exploration of diversity in Caladenia involves many of the great names in the foundation of Australasian plant systematics, as well as reflecting a remarkable second phase of discovery and description over the past three decades. Molecular phylogenetics has greatly clarified relationships of Caladenia and established six major clades within the genus. Some researchers regard these clades as genera themselves, whereas they are treated as subgenera herein to maximise nomenclatural stability and information retrieval. More work is needed to adequately document relationships within each of these clades, and disputed matters of typification greatly influence nomenclature applied to many species if the six clades are recognised as genera. Given the relatively recent and ongoing discovery of so many new species in Caladenia, the biology of these orchids is only now being documented comprehensively. Significant advances in pollination ecology, mycorrhizal studies, horticulture and conservation biology are emerging that highlight the extraordinary ecological sensitivity and conservation vulnerability of the genus. Indeed, the high species number and complex biotic connections have resulted in no other genus of terrestrial orchids possessing such a large number of rare and threatened taxa. Some of this rich body of new data is presented by a diverse range of laboratories and researchers in this special issue.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyori Haga

In Japan, according to the “Law to Support Persons with Developmental Disabilities” and the project “Healthy Parents and Children 21 (Second Phase),” every prefecture, city, and town needs to identify children affected by developmental disorders and provide support to these children and their parents as early as possible. Public health nurses (PHNs) are responsible for the early detection of cases and complete a diverse range of tasks relating to screening and supporting procedures. The number of children who are waiting to receive specialized medical care in institutions is increasing. Furthermore, the demands for expert personnel such as child psychiatrists, child psychologists, occupational therapists, as well as the establishment of more specialized institutions, are escalating. Various professionals encounter many challenges in identifying children affected by developmental disabilities and in providing effective treatments. Rehabilitative care for children with developmental disorders may be applied to developmental support as for other normal children. It is necessary to promote the skills of professionals relating to maternal and child care. Hence, this study aimed to identify the difficulties experienced by PHNs in providing early care to children with developmental disorders, and to examine ways to improve their performance in the future


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Febriana Tri Wulandari

Senaru specific destination forested area is the only educational forested area which is situated in Lombok Island. It has important roles in providing facilities and information supporting knowledge of bamboo characteristics growing naturally in this area. Many studies about the characteristics of bamboo have been done, but none has been conducted for this area. The information about bamboo distribution was important to understand the potency of bamboo of this area and the information about bamboo physical characteristics were used as raw material data for bamboo crafting, furniture, and simple constructions. The aims of this study were at understanding the bamboo distributions and the physical characteristics of bamboo of this area. Samplings were conducted in two phases which the first phase was collecting bamboo species, number of the bamboo clumps and sticks. The second phase was conducted several tests for the physical characteristics of the bamboo collected from the first stage. The results of this testing were described and compared to the existing bamboo quality standards. 6 (six) bamboo species were identified in this forest: yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata), Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. f.) Backer ex Heyne), ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C), Santong bamboo (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz), Bilis bamboo (Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr) and Tali bamboo (Gigantolochloa apus Kurz). The number of bamboo clump was 160 clumps and 299 individuals. The physical characteristics of the bamboo were: fresh moisture content ranged between 37,93% – 69,49%, air-dried moisture content between 8,84% - 12,10%, fresh density ranged between 0,32 – 1,03, air-dried density ranged between 0,59 – 1,11 and oven-dried density between 0,55 – 1,04.


Author(s):  
F. Noardo ◽  
C. Ellul ◽  
L. Harrie ◽  
E. Devys ◽  
K. Arroyo Ohori ◽  
...  

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In both the Geo and BIM domains, it is widely acknowledged that the integration of geo-data and BIM-data is beneficial and a crucial step in facing the multi-disciplinary challenges of our built environment. The result of this integration – broadly termed as GeoBIM – has a range of potential uses from district study to road safety. However, from the data perspective, this integration raises the question of how to integrate very detailed design and construction data from the BIM domain with contextual geospatial data (both 2D and 3D) that model a very diverse range of aspects of the wider built and natural environment.</p><p>This paper reports work carried out during the second phase of the EuroSDR GeoBIM project, which sets out to understand the general status of GeoBIM across Europe with particular focus from a National Mapping and Cadastral Agency perspective. The first phase of the project reviewed the current status of GeoBIM in participating countries and identified the need for specific detailed use cases to overcome both the lack of awareness and the lack of understanding of the potential of GeoBIM. We present both an update on the current status of GeoBIM, and additional details of one of the selected use cases relating to planning/development permits. For the latter, we have been able to develop a detailed workflow highlighting specific data exchange points within the process to issue a development permit, allowing a more in-depth identification of both the roles and data needs at each stage.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Prescott ◽  
François Routhier ◽  
Delphine Labbé ◽  
W Ben Mortenson ◽  
Atiya Mahmood ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Canada’s national parks are world-renowned. However, despite recent attempts to improve access, many are not accessible to people with disabilities. With the advent of provincial and federal legislation, standards are being developed to assist with the design and management of parks. OBJECTIVE The overarching objective of this study is to inform accessibility standards for federal parks that meet the needs of all park visitors, regardless of ability. The specific objectives of this study are to: 1. Identify park accessibility standards that exist internationally; 2. Identify the accessibility challenges that people with disabilities face in park environments; 3. Prioritize and recommend accessibility standards for national parks. METHODS A three-phase approach will be used to achieve study objectives. In the first phase, a scoping review of the existing accessibility standards will be conducted. The second phase will include an objective audits of trails and features in six parks, three in western Canada and three in eastern Canada, as well as mobile interviews with 24 diverse participants in each region regarding their experiences of and recommendations for improving the park’s accessibility. In the final phase, a Delphi participatory consensus-development process will be used, based on the data gathered in the first two phases, to prioritize recommendations for standards. RESULTS We expect to find gaps in existing standards that do not account for the diverse range of accessibility requirements that people with disabilities have for visiting parks. We also expect to find that existing standards, on their own, may not be enough to ensure equitable access to all the experiences and amenities that parks have to offer. Development of subsequent guidelines and best practices may be necessary to address complex scenarios for which standards may not be the best approach to ensuring accessibility. CONCLUSIONS The participatory and mixed-methods approaches used in this study will provide rich insights for developing accessible park standards that consider the diverse needs of people with disabilities. The findings will also support the development or enhancement of park standards at all levels of government.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 332 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN-LIU ZHANG ◽  
JIANG-YUN GAO ◽  
BO PAN ◽  
QIANG LIU

Habenaria Willd. (1805: 544) is one of the largest genera of terrestrial orchids, with approximately 880 species (Zhang et al. 2015; Kolanowska et al. 2015; Kumar et al. 2016; Govaerts et al. 2017) well represented in both the New and Old World tropics and subtropics, with a few species extending into temperate areas, particularly in eastern Asia (Pridgeon et al. 2001). The main centers of diversity of the genus are in Brazil, southern and central Africa, and East Asia (Kurzweil & Weber 1992; Batista et al. 2006). The generic delimitation of Habenaria is very difficult from a morphological point of view, and many species originally described in the genus have been transferred to other genera in its alliance, and there are also a lot of intermediate species between them (Lang 1998, 1999; Jin et al. 2012). Recent results of molecular phylogenetics indicated that Habenaria is currently defined is polyphyletic and perhaps would be further divided into smaller genera (Bateman et al. 2003; Jin et al. 2014).


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Jagadeeshan ◽  
Wilfried Haerty ◽  
Rama S. Singh

The tempo and mode of evolutionary change during speciation have remained contentious until recently. While much of the evidence claiming speciation is an abrupt and rapid process comes from fossil data, recent molecular phylogenetics show that the background of gradual evolution is often broken by accelerated rates of molecular evolution during speciation. However, what kinds of genes affect or are affected by speciation remains unexplored. Our analysis of 4843 protein-coding genes in five species of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup shows that while ~70% of genes follow clock-like evolution, between 17–19.67% of loci show signatures of accelerated rates of evolution in recently formed species. These genes show 2-3-fold higher rates of substitution in recently diverged species compared to older species. This fraction of loci affects a diverse range of functions. Only a small proportion of reproductive genes experience speciation-related accelerated changes but many sex-and -reproduction related genes show an interesting pattern of persistent rapid evolution suggesting that sex-and-reproduction related genes are under constant selective pressures. The identification of loci associated with accelerated evolution allows us to address the mechanisms of rapid evolution and speciation, which in our study appears to be a combination of both selection and rapid demographical changes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Lamb ◽  
Dave Trepanier ◽  
Shandy Dearth

ObjectiveTo describe the latest revisions and modifications to the “HL7 2.5.1 Implementation Guide for Syndromic Surveillance” (formerly the PHIN Message Guide for Syndromic Surveillance) that were made based on community commentary and resolution of feedback from the HL7 balloting process. In addition, the next steps and future activities as the IG becomes an “HL7 Standard for Trial Use” will be highlighted.IntroductionIn 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the PHIN Messaging Guide for Syndromic Surveillance v. 1. In the intervening years, new technological advancements including Electronic Health Record capabilities, as well as new epidemiological and Meaningful Use requirements have led to the periodic updating and revision of the Message Guide. These updates occurred through informal and semi-structured solicitation and in response to comments from across public health, governmental, academic, and EHR vendor stakeholders. Following the Message Guide v.2.0 release in 2015, CDC initiated a multi-year endeavor to update the Message Guide in a more systematic manner and released further updates via an Erratum and a technical document developed with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to clarify validation policies and certification parameters. This trio of documents were consolidated into the Message Guide v.2.1 release and used to inform the development of the NIST Syndromic Surveillance Test Suite (http://hl7v2-ss-r2-testing.nist.gov/ss-r2/#/home), validate test cases, and develop a new rules-based IG built using NIST’s Implementation Guide Authoring and Management Tool (IGAMT).As part of a Cooperative Agreement (CoAg) initiated in 2017, CDC partnered with ISDS to build upon prior activities and renew efforts in engaging the Syndromic Surveillance Community of Practice for comment on the Message Guide. The goal of this CoAg is have the final product become an “HL7 Standard for Trial Use” following the second phase of formal HL7 balloting p in Fall 2018.MethodsISDS coordinated a multi-stakeholder working group to revisit the consolidated Message Guide, v.2.1 and collect structured comments via an online portal, which facilitated the documentation, tracking, and prioritization of comments for developing consensus and reconciliation and resolution when there were errors, conflicts, or differing perspectives for select specifications. Over 220 comments were received during the most recent review period via the HL& balloting process (April – June 2018) with sixteen elements captured for each comment, which included: Subject, Request Type, Clinical Venue Application, Submitter Name, IG Section #, Priority, Working and Final Resolution (Figure 1). The online portal was used to communicate with members of the Message Guide Workgroup to provide feedback directly to one another through a ‘conversation tab’. This became an important feature in teasing out underlying concerns and issues with a given comment across different local, state, and private sector partners (Figure 2). Some comments were able to be fully described and resolved using this feature. Following the HL7 balloting period, ISDS continued the weekly webinar-based review process to delve into specific issues in detail. Each week ISDS staff would lead the webinars structured around similar comment types (e.g. values sets, DG1 Segments, IN1 Segments, Conformance Statements, etc.). This leveraged the expertise of individuals and institutions with concerns revolving around a specific domain, messages segment, or specification described within the Message Guide. Comments for which consensus and resolution was achieved were “closed-out’ on the portal inventory and new assignments for review would be disseminated across the Message Guide Workgroup for consideration and discussion during the subsequent webinar.ResultsTo date this review process has identified and updated a wide-range of specification and requirements described within the Message Guide v.2.0. These include: specifications for persistent patient ID across venues of service, inclusion of the ICD-10-CM value set for diagnosis, removal of the ICD-9-CM requirement for testing and messages, modification of values such as pregnancy status, travel history, and medication list from “O” to “RE”, and the update of value sets and PHIN VADS references for FIPS, SNOmed, ICD-10-CM, Acuity, Patient Class, and Discharge Disposition.ConclusionsThe results of this multi-agency comment and review process will be synthesized and compiled by ISDS. The updated version of the Message Guide (re-branded to the HL7 V 2.5.1 Implementation Guide for Syndromic Surveillance) will go through a second round of review and commentary thru HL7 in Fall 2018.This systematic and structured review and documentation process has allowed for the synthetization and reconciliation of a wide range of disparate specifications, historical hold-overs, and requirements via the perspectives of a diverse range of public health partners. As this review process continues it is anticipated that the final HL7 balloted “Standard for Trial Use” IG 2.5 will represent a more refined and extensible product that can support syndromic surveillance activities across a wider and more diverse range of clinical venues, EHR implementations, and public health authorities.ISDS and CDC have recommended that future modifications to the Promoting Interoperability (PI) Programs (formerly Meaningful Use) reference and require the utilization of the revised Implication Guide for Certification. The HL7 2.5.1 Implementation Guide can be found: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.healthsurveillance.org/resource/resmgr/docs/Group_Files/Message_Guide/IG_SyS_Release_1.pdf


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Hay ◽  
Lynne Eagle ◽  
Muhammad Abid Saleem ◽  
Lisa Vandommele ◽  
Siqiwen Li

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report student attitudes and beliefs towards climate change adaptation and sustainability-related behaviours. Design/methodology/approach A paper-based questionnaire was completed by 247 first-year (students in their first semester of study) and third-year (students in their final semester of study) students in the same year (2012) of the study (Table I). A factor analysis shows that common themes previously identified failed to reflect the diverse range of influences on young people, including family, friends and news media. Findings Contrary to the literature, few significant differences were found in sustainability-related behaviours between first- and third-semester students, with an increase in scepticism regarding the reality of climate change among the latter. Research limitations/implications The study focused on Australian undergraduate university business students. As a single-institution case study, the results may not be generalised to all university students. As such the authors recommended that the study be completed in other universities from around the world. The study was undertaken over one year, but the participants may not have necessarily been the same students in third semester as they were in first semester. Therefore, it is recommended that the study be repeated in future years so that the same cohort can be measured over time, providing a more accurate account of the development of student knowledge and perceptions of sustainability during their time at university. Practical implications Achieving significant long-term changes in behaviours will be a substantial challenge for tertiary curricula. The findings of this study can inform instructors in higher education of student attitudes towards sustainability and climate change adaption and in turn inform changes to tertiary curriculum in sustainability and climate change adaption. Originality/value This paper reports on the second phase of a longitudinal research project examining the effects of an undergraduate business studies curriculum on student views of sustainability. The authors confirm that the research is original and that all of the data provided in the study are real and authentic. Neither the entire work nor any of its parts have been previously published.


2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Hopper ◽  
Andrew P. Brown

Nomenclatural confusion has been generated regarding the large Australasian terrestrial orchid genus Caladenia following publication from 2001 onwards of three major treatments of Caladeniinae. Here, we review concepts for Caladenia and allied genera in the subtribe, we revise three sister genera of Caladenia (Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia), and we present an annotated nomenclatural checklist with many new synonymies and some new combinations. A revised circumscription of ten genera in the Caladeniinae is presented, including both Adenochilus and Eriochilus, which have recently been segregated as monogeneric subtribes by others. We argue for retaining Caladenia in the broad sense, largely reflecting Robert Brown's original concept, differing only in the recognition as genera of Cyanicula, Pheladenia, and Leptoceras, as well as two monotypic genera not known to Brown but later described as species of Caladenia (Praecoxanthus and Ericksonella). Thus Caladenia remains a large Australasian genus of terrestrial orchids with 243 species and six subgenera. This approach maximises nomenclatural stability while ensuring that hypothesised monophyly is upheld in the light of molecular phylogenetics analyses. The valid type for Caladenia is C. carnea, while that for Caladenia sect. Calonema is C. longicauda. The genus Jonesiopsis and generic combination Phlebochilus (Benth.) Szlach. were validly published. These conclusions call into question many recently erected taxa and combinations of other authors. Synonyms of Caladenia include Arachnorchis, Calonemorchis, Drakonorchis, Jonesiopsis, Petalochilus, Phlebochilus and Stegostyla. Pentisia is a synonym of Cyanicula. Calonema (Lindl.) Szlach. and Calonema (Lindl.) D.L. Jones and M.A. Clem. are invalid generic combinations as the name Calonema had already been used for a fungal genus. New taxa described herein include Ericksonella, Cyanicula subgenus Trilobatae, C. aperta, C. ixioides subsp. candida, × Cyanthera and × C. glossodioides. New combinations include Caladenia subgenus Stegostyla (D.L. Jones and M.A. Clem.) Hopper and A.P. Br., C. graniticola (Hopper and A.P. Br.) Hopper and A.P. Br., C. saccata (R.S. Rogers) Hopper & A.P. Br., C. orientalis (G.W. Carr) Hopper & A.P. Br., and C. villosissima (G.W. Carr) Hopper & A.P. Br., and Ericksonella saccharata (Reichb.f.) Hopper and A.P.Br.


Author(s):  
B. B. Rath ◽  
J. E. O'Neal ◽  
R. J. Lederich

Addition of small amounts of erbium has a profound effect on recrystallization and grain growth in titanium. Erbium, because of its negligible solubility in titanium, precipitates in the titanium matrix as a finely dispersed second phase. The presence of this phase, depending on its average size, distribution, and volume fraction in titanium, strongly inhibits the migration of grain boundaries during recrystallization and grain growth, and thus produces ultimate grains of sub-micrometer dimensions. A systematic investigation has been conducted to study the isothermal grain growth in electrolytically pure titanium and titanium-erbium alloys (Er concentration ranging from 0-0.3 at.%) over the temperature range of 450 to 850°C by electron microscopy.


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