Carbohydrate mobilisation in germinating seed of Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Peltophorum dubium (Fabaceae), two tropical trees used for restoration

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Marina Belloni Veronesi ◽  
Kelly Simões ◽  
Nelson Augusto dos Santos-Junior ◽  
Marcia Regina Braga
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat ◽  
Early Seedling Development

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. and Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) are two leguminous species native to Brazil that are frequently used to restore degraded areas. Seed of E. contortisiliquum are exalbuminous, whereas seed of P. dubium have a mucilaginous endosperm and both are orthodox, dormant and have a water-impermeable seed coat. There is little information about the dynamics of their germination and understanding this process is important for propagation, conservation and satisfactory practices for restoration of degraded areas. Thus, in this study we evaluated and compared the carbohydrate mobilisation of the seed of both species during germination and early seedling development. Data obtained showed differences in the composition and in the mobilisation of the storage carbohydrates in the studied species. Whereas the main storage of the E. contortisiliquum embryo is starch, the main reserve found in P. dubium is the galactomannan stored in the endosperm. The carbohydrates first hydrolysed in both species are raffinose family oligosaccharides that are used in the embryo development during germination. Starch found in cotyledons of E. contortisiliquum or accumulated after galactomannan degradation in the embryo of P. dubium is not used during germination and early seedling growth in either species.

Dynamics of alkylresorcinols during rye caryopsis germination and early seedling growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Elżbieta G. Magnucka ◽  
Stanisław J. Pietr ◽  
Robert Zarnowski
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Resorcinolic Lipids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Early Seedling Development

Abstract Among secondary metabolites, alkylresorcinols are considered particularly important for the antimicrobial defense system in cereal grains. Dry rye caryopses and young seedlings contain detectable quantities of resorcinolic lipids. Overall, 11 distinct alkylresorcinol homologues were identified, which showed variable profiles during rye germination and early seedling development, especially with reference to the production of very long homologues and to side chain saturation. Additionally, changes in the alkylresorcinol composition during rye seedling growth are presented for the first time.

The Absorption of Fenitrothion During Germination of Stratified and Nonstratified White Pine Seeds and Identification of Metabolites Formed

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hallett ◽  
R. Greenhalgh ◽  
P. Weinberger ◽  
R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germinated Seeds ◽  
Methyl Phenyl

White pine seeds, P. strobus were treated with a 1.5 × 10−4 M solution of fenitrothion, 0,0-dimethyl-0-(4-nitro-3-methyl-phenyl)-phosphorothioate. The seed coat, endosperm, and embryo were monitored for residues of the insecticide and metabolites during germination and early seedling growth. Absorption and accumulation of fenitrothion, and accumulation of fenitro–oxon, and S-methyl fenitrothion were demonstrated in the endosperm and embryos of germinated seeds and seedlings. Neither the parent compound not its metabolites adversely affected the later development of the pine seedlings.

scholarly journals IPA1 Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and WRKY Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6605
Author(s):  
Yonggang He ◽  
Menghao Zhu ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Zijun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Amylase Genes ◽  
Early Seedling

Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1) encodes SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14 (SPL14) with a pleiotropic effect on regulating rice development and biotic stress responses. To investigate the role of IPA1 in early seedling development, we developed a pair of IPA1/ipal-NILs and found that seed germination and early seedling growth were retarded in the ipa1-NIL. Analysis of the soluble sugar content, activity of amylase, and expression of the α-amylase genes revealed that the starch metabolism was weakened in the ipa1-NIL germinating seeds. Additionally, the content of bioactive gibberellin (GA) was significantly lower than that in the IPA1-NIL seeds at 48 h of imbibition. Meanwhile, the expression of GA synthesis-related gene OsGA20ox1 was downregulated, whereas the expression of GA inactivation-related genes was upregulated in ipa1-NIL seeds. In addition, the expression of OsWRKY51 and OsWRKY71 was significantly upregulated in ipa1-NIL seeds. Using transient dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays, IPA1 was found to directly activate the expression of OsWRKY51 and OsWRKY71, which would interfere with the binding affinity of GA-induced transcription factor OsGAMYB to inhibit the expression of α-amylase genes. In summary, our results suggest that IPA1 negatively regulates seed germination and early seedling growth by interfering with starch metabolism via the GA and WRKY pathways.

Effects of salinity on seedling emergence and early seedling growth of Irvingia gabonensis (Irvingiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-295
Author(s):  
R. Vihotogbé ◽  
C. Watson ◽  
R. Glèlè Kakaï ◽  
F. Wichern ◽  
B. Sinsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

scholarly journals Zinc Seed Priming Improves Spinach Germination at Low Temperature

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Asim Mahmood ◽  
Günter Neumann ◽  
Birte Boelt
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Early Seedling Development

Low temperature during germination hinders germination speed and early seedling development. Zn seed priming is a useful and cost-effective tool to improve germination rate and resistance to low temperature stress during germination and early seedling development. Spinach was tested to improve germination and seedling development with Zn seed priming under low temperature stress conditions. Zn priming increased seed Zn concentration up to 48 times. The multispectral imaging technique with VideometerLab was used as a non-destructive method to differentiate unprimed, water- and Zn-primed spinach seeds successfully. Localization of Zn in the seeds was studied using the 1,5-diphenyl thiocarbazone (DTZ) dying technique. Active translocation of primed Zn in the roots of young seedlings was detected with laser confocal microscopy. Zn priming of spinach seeds at 6 mM Zn showed a significant increase in germination rate and total germination under low temperature at 8 °C.

scholarly journals The CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase NtCIPK23 Positively Regulates Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Sujuan Shi ◽  
Lulu An ◽  
Jingjing Mao ◽  
Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko ◽  
Zia Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Cotyledon Expansion

CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) family is a unique group of serine/threonine protein kinase family identified in plants. Among this family, AtCIPK23 and its homologs in some plants are taken as a notable group for their importance in ions transport and stress responses. However, there are limited reports on their roles in seedling growth and development, especially in Solanaceae plants. In this study, NtCIPK23, a homolog of AtCIPK23 was cloned from Nicotiana tabacum. Expression analysis showed that NtCIPK23 is mainly expressed in the radicle, hypocotyl, and cotyledons of young tobacco seedlings. The transcriptional level of NtCIPK23 changes rapidly and spatiotemporally during seed germination and early seedling growth. To study the biological function of NtCIPK23 at these stages, the overexpressing and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out (ntcipk23) tobacco lines were generated. Phenotype analysis indicated that knock-out of NtCIPK23 significantly delays seed germination and the appearance of green cotyledon of young tobacco seedling. Overexpression of NtCIPK23 promotes cotyledon expansion and hypocotyl elongation of young tobacco seedlings. The expression of NtCIPK23 in hypocotyl is strongly upregulated by darkness and inhibited under light, suggesting that a regulatory mechanism of light might underlie. Consistently, a more obvious difference in hypocotyl length among different tobacco materials was observed in the dark, compared to that under the light, indicating that the upregulation of NtCIPK23 contributes greatly to the hypocotyl elongation. Taken together, NtCIPK23 not only enhances tobacco seed germination, but also accelerate early seedling growth by promoting cotyledon greening rate, cotyledon expansion and hypocotyl elongation of young tobacco seedlings.

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