Biomass, Nutrient Content and Growth Response to Fertilisers of Six-year-old Eucalyptus globulus Plantations at Three Contrasting Sites in Gippsland, Victoria

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Bennett ◽  
C. J. Weston ◽  
P. M. Attiwill

Factorial combinations of three rates of N (up to 400 kg ha-1 elemental) and four rates of P (up to 200 kg ha-1) were applied during the establishment phase of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations on three contrasting sites in Gippsland, south-eastern Australia. Mean annual increments of volume at 71 months ranged from 8 m3 ha-1 year-1 in control treatments on a duplex sandy loam (annual rainfall 850 mm) and a uniform sand (620 mm rainfall) to 23 m3 ha-1 year-1 at the highest combined additions of N and P on a gradational clay loam (1000 mm rainfall). Volumes to 71 months were greatest at the highest combined additions of N and P on the uniform and gradational soils, but significant effects of N and P additions were not sustained on the duplex soil, where the availability of K was limiting after 45 months. Trees were sampled for above-ground biomass and nutrient content at 6 years from four treatments involving the highest additions of N and P and treatment responses were interpreted using vector analysis. The greater magnitude of P vectors than N vectors at all sites indicated that P additions, in particular, were important for good early growth. However, relationships between above-ground biomass and P content indicated accumulation of P in excess of growth requirements and reduced efficiency of P additions at the highest rates. The paper concludes with general recommendations for fertiliser additions during the establishment phase of E. globulus plantations.

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
R. A. Culvenor ◽  
M. R. Norton ◽  
J. De Faveri

Perennial grasses have production and environmental benefits in areas of southern Australia typified by the mixed farming zone of southern New South Wales (NSW). The perennial grass phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is widely used in southern Australia; however, it would find more use in the mixed farming zone if its persistence in marginal rainfall areas (450–500 mm average annual rainfall) were improved. We evaluated a range of germplasm (n = 29) including wild accessions, lines bred from these, and existing cultivars for persistence and production at three sites in a summer-dry area of southern NSW with 430–460-mm average annual rainfall. Two sites were used over 4 years and the third site over 5 years. Summer dormancy, maturity time and seedling growth were also assessed. Analysis of genotype × environment interaction employing factor analytic models and accounting for spatial and temporal correlations indicated that changes in persistence occurred mainly over time rather than between sites. Ranking changes occurred in the dry establishment phase of the experiment and during a severe final summer drought, with few changes occurring in the intervening high-rainfall years. Lines that survived the establishment phase best had vigorous seedlings and earlier maturity, whereas those surviving the final summer best were earlier maturing and higher in summer dormancy with high winter-growth activity. Some later maturing lines within the higher summer dormancy group were less persistent. Some accessions from North Africa were the most persistent; also, populations bred from these and other more persistent accessions generally persisted and produced better than cultivars used presently. However, present cultivars were capable of high yield in the higher rainfall years. We suggest that persistence of higher summer dormancy cultivars over very dry years could be improved by selecting for earlier maturity time.


1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Clarke ◽  
CA Jacoby

The above-ground biomass of three dominant salt-marsh vascular plants (Juncus kraussii, Sarcocornia quinquejlora and Sporobolus virginicus) was measured to assess both spatial and temporal variation and to provide baseline data. Additionally, the culm dynamics of the rush J. kraussii were measured so that aboveground productivity could be estimated. No distinct seasonal patterns were detected in above-ground biomass in J. kraussii. Averaged over all sites and times, the above-ground biomass of J. kraussii was 1116 g dry weight m-2. Culms are replaced annually, hence standing crop approximated annual above-ground productivity. Much of the dead aboveground biomass appears to accumulate in the upper marsh, as evidenced by the elevated nutrient and organic carbon content of the soil there relative to the sediment in the mangrove zone. Above-ground biomass of the decumbent perennial grass Sporobolus virginicus and the procumbent perennial chenopod Sarcocornia quinqueflora showed no consistent spatial or temporal trends. The above-ground standing crops of these species were about one-third that of J. kraussii.


2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chun Hsu ◽  
Fu-Wen Horng ◽  
Chen-Meng Kuo

A plot of 1200 m2 was selected to represent the average epiphyte abundance of a moist subtropical broadleaved forest at Fushan in north-eastern Taiwan. In this plot, all epiphytes of 18 sample trees with dbh > 5 cm were removed and weighed to estimate their biomass and nutrient content. We found that the biomass of epiphytes and their associated detrital matter in this plot was 3360 kg ha-1. The nutrient capital of the epiphytes (kg ha-1) was: N = 42.4, P = 1.9, Mg = 5.5, Na = 1.3, Ca = 14.5 and K = 28.9. Although the epiphytic biomass constituted less than 2% of the total above-ground biomass of the forest, the epiphytes comprised about 21-43% of the total foliage nutrient capital of the ecosystem. Because nutrients contained in epiphytes and tree foliage are more readily available to other organisms than those in woody components, epiphytes may play a greater role in ecosystem nutrient cycling than their relatively small biomass would suggest.


2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kansiime ◽  
M. Nalubega ◽  
J.J.A. van Bruggen ◽  
P. Denny

The nutrient content of representative plant parts and biomass production in the Nakivubo wetland, correlation of these with the wastewater flow patterns and determination of nutrient uptake, storage and biomass production of Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) and Miscanthidium violaceum was studied. On average papyrus vegetation under the influence of wastewater had higher nutrient content in the above ground biomass (1.6% N and 0.23% P on dry weight basis) than those not affected (0.98% N and 0.18% P). The biomass varied between 3,529-5,844 g/m2 and 883-1,156 g/m2 in the two respective sites. The juvenile plants of papyrus and Miscanthidium had higher concentrations of P and N in their organs compared to the mature ones. Considering the nutrients stored by the dominant vegetation and the current flow patterns of wastewater in the Nakivubo wetland, harvesting of the above ground biomass once a year, would remove 7.7% of the N input and 15.8% of the P input of the annual total load entering the wetland. However, if the wetland is bio-manipulated and the wastewater flow distributed over the whole wetland, up to 70% nitrogen and 76% phosphorus would be removed by harvesting above ground papyrus biomass.


1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Clough ◽  
P. Dixon ◽  
O. Dalhaus

A procedure is described for obtaining allometric relationships between stem diameter and above-ground biomass for multi-stemmed trees of the mangroves Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina. The procedure treats each stem as discrete tree that shares a proportion of the butt and other elements common to all stems. Linear log–log relationships were obtained between stem diameter and the dry weights of each above-ground component. Allometric relationships between stem diameter and total above-ground biomass were similar to those for single-stemmed trees in north-eastern Australia, but multi-stemmed trees on the west coast had much greater proportion of their biomass in the form of prop roots than single-stemmed trees of comparable stem diameter on the north-eastern coast. This is attributed to the arid environment on the north-western coast of Australia.


Geoderma ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Azah Abanda ◽  
John S. Compton ◽  
Robyn E. Hannigan

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vin�icius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
Mauro Valdir Schumacher ◽  
Peter Spathelf

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Hunter

Canonical correspondence analysis and linear regressions were used to relate height, diameter, and dispersion measurements of 36,380 stems from 197 species recorded in 2,341 plots against both climatic and landscape variables. Above ground biomass increased in wetter and cooler locations that ameliorate the seasonal rainfall deficits. Taller and greater diameter trees with lower wood densities occur at higher altitudes. Differences between locations are based on a change in the composition of species rather than a change in the allometric properties within a species. The results support the hydraulic limitation and species packing hypotheses. These interrelationships may be affected by the interactions of fire frequency and drought which are a common feature of much of the study area. Under current climate change scenarios it is likely that there will be a reduction in above ground biomass, the number of stems per hectare, average height, average diameter, and basal area due to increasing seasonality of rainfall, temperatures, and the intensity and frequency of fires. The largest of trees are likely to be removed early due to their inability to cope with increased drought stress. The results suggest a marked reduction in carbon storage will occur across the study region in eastern Australia.


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