The Structure of the Column in Stylidium

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Findlay ◽  
GP Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Central Layer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Cellulose Fibrils ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Fast Firing

In the genus Stylidium, the style and filaments of the flower are fused into a single column. In most species the column, when stimulated mechanically, undergoes a fast firing movement followed by a slow resetting movement. This movement is produced by changes in shape of a normally curved region of the column, the bend. In a wide range of species, the bend has a specialised anatomy and consists essentially of a longitudinal central layer of cells with two distinctive multi-celled layers of thick-walled cells on either side. The thick-walled cells are rich in cytoplasm with amyloplasts and vacuoles of varying sizes, and have non-lignified walls whose cellulose fibrils are arranged approximately transversely. Within the bend, the phloem occurs as discrete small groups of cells separated by some distance from the xylem. In species from the subgenus Centridium both the morphology and the internal structure of the bend differ somewhat from those in most species of Stylidium, and in two species of Stylidium with nonmoving columns, the characteristic cellular anatomy of the bend is entirely absent. The specialised anatomy of the cells and tissues in the bend are clearly associated with the movement of the column. Changes of shape and size of these cells are almost certainly responsible for the change in shape of the bend.

It is better an approximate answer to the right question than the exact answer to the wrong question : the case of the psychometric analysis of the ASQ:SE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Anunciacao ◽  
janet squires ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Exact Answer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
The Right

One of the main activities in psychometrics is to analyze the internal structure of a test. Multivariate statistical methods, including Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are frequently used to do this, but the growth of Network Analysis (NA) places this method as a promising candidate. The results obtained by these methods are of valuable interest, as they not only produce evidence to explore if the test is measuring its intended construct, but also to deal with the substantive theory that motivated the test development. However, these different statistical methods come up with different answers, providing the basis for different analytical and theoretical strategies when one needs to choose a solution. In this study, we took advantage of a large volume of published data (n = 22,331) obtained by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), and formed a subset of 500 children to present and discuss alternative psychometric solutions to its internal structure, and also to its subjacent theory. The analyses were based on a polychoric matrix, the number of factors to retain followed several well-known rules of thumb, and a wide range of exploratory methods was fitted to the data, including EFA, PCA, and NA. The statistical outcomes were divergent, varying from 1 to 6 domains, allowing a flexible interpretation of the results. We argue that the use of statistical methods in the absence of a well-grounded psychological theory has limited applications, despite its appeal. All data and codes are available at https://osf.io/z6gwv/.

Enzymes as a Reservoir of Host Defence Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1310-1323
Author(s):  
Andrea Bosso ◽  
Antimo Di Maro ◽  
Valeria Cafaro ◽  
Alberto Di Donato ◽  
Eugenio Notomista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Active Peptides ◽  
Wide Range

Host defence peptides (HDPs) are powerful modulators of cellular responses to various types of insults caused by pathogen agents. To date, a wide range of HDPs, from species of different kingdoms including bacteria, plant and animal with extreme diversity in structure and biological activity, have been described. Apart from a limited number of peptides ribosomally synthesized, a large number of promising and multifunctional HDPs have been identified within protein precursors, with properties not necessarily related to innate immunity, consolidating the fascinating hypothesis that proteins have a second or even multiple biological mission in the form of one or more bio-active peptides. Among these precursors, enzymes constitute certainly an interesting group, because most of them are mainly globular and characterized by a fine specific internal structure closely related to their catalytic properties and also because they are yet little considered as potential HDP releasing proteins. In this regard, the main aim of the present review is to describe a panel of HDPs, identified in all canonical classes of enzymes, and to provide a detailed description on hydrolases and their corresponding HDPs, as there seems to exist a striking link between these structurally sophisticated catalysts and their high content in cationic and amphipathic cryptic peptides.

scholarly journals Grasp to See—Object Classification Using Flexion Glove with Support Vector Machine

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Shun-Hsin Yu ◽  
Jen-Shuo Chang ◽  
Chia-Hung Dylan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Object Classification ◽  
Target Object ◽  
The Other ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dark Space ◽  
Flex Sensors ◽  
Shape And Size

This paper proposes an object classification method using a flexion glove and machine learning. The classification is performed based on the information obtained from a single grasp on a target object. The flexion glove is developed with five flex sensors mounted on five finger sleeves, and is used for measuring the flexion of individual fingers while grasping an object. Flexion signals are divided into three phases, and they are the phases of picking, holding and releasing, respectively. Grasping features are extracted from the phase of holding for training the support vector machine. Two sets of objects are prepared for the classification test. One is printed-object set and the other is daily-life object set. The printed-object set is for investigating the patterns of grasping with specified shape and size, while the daily-life object set includes nine objects randomly chosen from daily life for demonstrating that the proposed method can be used to identify a wide range of objects. According to the results, the accuracy of the classifications are achieved 95.56% and 88.89% for the sets of printed objects and daily-life objects, respectively. A flexion glove which can perform object classification is successfully developed in this work and is aimed at potential grasp-to-see applications, such as visual impairment aid and recognition in dark space.

scholarly journals Electric signal synchronization as a behavioural strategy to generate social attention in small groups of mormyrid weakly electric fish and a mobile fish robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Worm ◽  
Tim Landgraf ◽  
Gerhard von der Emde
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Fish Robot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Signal Synchronization ◽  
Weakly Electric ◽  
Attention Hypothesis

AbstractAfrican weakly electric fish communicate at night by constantly emitting and perceiving brief electrical signals (electric organ discharges, EOD) at variable inter-discharge intervals (IDI). While the waveform of single EODs contains information about the sender’s identity, the variable IDI patterns convey information about its current motivational and behavioural state. Pairs of fish can synchronize their EODs to each other via echo responses, and we have previously formulated a ‘social attention hypothesis’ stating that fish use echo responses to address specific individuals and establish brief dyadic communication frameworks within a group. Here, we employed a mobile fish robot to investigate the behaviour of small groups of up to four Mormyrus rume and characterized the social situations during which synchronizations occurred. An EOD-emitting robot reliably evoked social following behaviour, which was strongest in smaller groups and declined with increasing group size. We did not find significant differences in motor behaviour of M. rume with either an interactive playback (echo response) or a random control playback by the robot. Still, the robot reliably elicited mutual synchronizations with other fish. Synchronizations mostly occurred during relatively close social interactions, usually when the fish that initiated synchronization approached either the robot or another fish from a distance. The results support our social attention hypothesis and suggest that electric signal synchronization might facilitate the exchange of social information during a wide range of social behaviours from aggressive territorial displays to shoaling and even cooperative hunting in some mormyrids.

scholarly journals Optimising the AR Engraved Structure on Light-Guide Facets for a Wide Range of Wavelengths

Optics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Ioseph Gurwich ◽  
Yakov Greenberg ◽  
Kobi Harush ◽  
Yarden Tzabari
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Light Guide ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Angular Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Given ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Shape And Size

The present study is aimed at designing anti-reflective (AR) engraving on the input–output surfaces of a rectangular light-guide. We estimate AR efficiency, by the transmittance level in the angular range, determined by the light-guide. Using nano-engraving, we achieve a uniform high transmission over a wide range of wavelengths. In the past, we used smoothed conical pins or indentations on the faces of light-guide crystal as the engraved structure. Here, we widen the class of pins under consideration, following the physical model developed in the previous paper. We analyze the smoothed pyramidal pins with different base shapes. The possible effect of randomization of the pins parameters is also examined. The results obtained demonstrate optimized engraved structure with parameters depending on the required spectral range and facet format. The predicted level of transmittance is close to 99%, and its flatness (estimated by the standard deviation) in the required wavelengths range is 0.2%. The theoretical analysis and numerical calculations indicate that the obtained results demonstrate the best transmission (reflection) we can expect for a facet with the given shape and size for the required spectral band. The approach is equally useful for any other form and of the facet. We also discuss a simple way of comparing experimental and theoretical results for a light-guide with the designed input and output features. In this study, as well as in our previous work, we restrict ourselves to rectangular facets. We also consider the limitations on maximal transmission produced by the size and shape of the light-guide facets. The theoretical analysis is performed for an infinite structure and serves as an upper bound on the transmittance for smaller-size apertures.

Business, management and accounting

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-277
Author(s):  
M. Valle Santos ◽  
Rosa M. Mayoral
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Organisational Behaviour ◽  
Centripetal Forces ◽  
Business And Management ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify the internal structure of the discipline of business and management (BMA) and its relations with adjacent disciplines.Design/methodology/approachWe analyse the thematic profile of the most relevant journals in BMA (Scopus database). We then perform a network analysis, specifically Pathfinder and Nearest Neighbour analyses.FindingsOur research provides empirical evidence of BMA's cohesiveness, thematic variety and interdisciplinarity. It remains open to a wide range of disciplines, particularly information systems, decision science and finance. BMA constitutes a dome composed of different subdisciplines. Some of these (for example, accounting, management information systems and industrial relations) display little relation to the others, although they do establish links with adjacent fields. In addition, strategic management emerges as a central point, endowing the discipline with consistency by acting as a link to certain subdisciplines that would otherwise be unconnected. Despite its more moderate presence in the discipline, organisational behaviour is the most nuclear category, acting as an anchor and helping to organise and structure BMA.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis provides a static image of BMA. It would be interesting to further the research through a dynamic perspective that would outline the evolution of the interrelations amongst disciplines over time and ascertain where they are heading.Practical implicationsThese results shed light on the centrifugal and centripetal forces of BMA and their future development.Originality/valueThis paper analyses the internal structure of BMA through its journals.

scholarly journals Scottish Trainees' Day

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Jim Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Royal Hospital ◽  
Wide Range

The first Scottish Trainees' Day was held at the Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, on 26 June. It was organized by two Scottish representatives of the Collegiate Trainees Committee, and about 40 trainees attended and heard talks given by Professor Gerald Timbury, Dr Angus McKay, Dr John Cox, Dr S. P. Sashidharan, Dr Richard Williams and Dr Sue Philips, Secretary of the Collegiate Trainees Committee. In the afternoon the meeting broke into small groups to facilitate the expression of views over a wide range of issues. The plenary session at the end of the afternoon brought together the main themes discussed in the small groups and these are summarized below.

Trait Perception Accuracy and Acquaintance Within Groups: Tracking Accuracy Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Brown ◽  
Frank Bernieri
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Best Friends ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zero Acquaintance ◽  
Trait Rating

Previous work on trait perception has evaluated accuracy at discrete stages of relationships (e.g., strangers, best friends). A relatively limited body of literature has investigated changes in accuracy as acquaintance within a dyad or group increases. Small groups of initially unacquainted individuals spent more than 30 hr participating in a wide range of activities designed to represent common interpersonal contexts (e.g., eating, traveling). We calculated how accurately each participant judged others in their group on the big five traits across three distinct points within the acquaintance process: zero acquaintance, after a getting-to-know-you conversation, and after 10 weeks of interaction and activity. Judgments of all five traits exhibited accuracy above chance levels after 10 weeks. An examination of the trait rating stability revealed that much of the revision in judgments occurred not over the course of the 10-week relationship as suspected, but between zero acquaintance and the getting-to-know-you conversation.

scholarly journals Amaranthine: Humanoid Robot Kinematics

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 2040015
Author(s):  
Shefalika Asthana ◽  
Srikanth R. Karna ◽  
Irine Ann Shelby
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Robot Kinematics ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Application Specific

Humanoid robots are employed in a wide range of fields to replicate human actions. This paper presents the mechanism, configuration, mathematical modeling, and workspace of a 3D printed humanoid robot – Amaranthine. It also discusses the potential scope of humanoid robots in the present day and future. Robots can be programmed for automation as per the demand of the task or operations to be performed. Humanoid robots, while being one of the small groups of service robots in the current market, have the greatest potential to become the industrial tool of the future. Introducing a Humanoid Robot-like Amaranthine holds huge scope majorly in the fields of medical assistance, teaching aid, large industries where heavy-duty operations require application-specific software, etc. Amaranthine was 3D printed and assembled at the RISC Lab of University of Bridgeport.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CAPABILITIES OF MOBILE AGILE SOLUTIONS FOR EFFECTIVE PROJECT ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Vladimir O. Domansky ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Tarkhanova ◽  
Maxim D. Pelevin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Functional Solution

Nowadays various tools for the successful implementation of projects are used. A set of Agile, Scrum, and Kanban methodologies helps us effectively plan, evaluate, work, communicate and make decisions. Modern software containing a wide range of functionality and flexibility of interface settings helps to visualize the project progress as one of the most important tasks. The aim of the work is to find the most flexible and functional solution for the project activities of small groups. Various solutions for effective teamwork are considered. The article contains the results of a comparative analysis of the Agile tools functionality presented on the market. Result of this analytical work is a set of options for collaboration optimal solution.

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