Composite Membrane with a Calixarene-Containing Polyamide Functional Layer

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Ren ◽  
Dong-Qing Liu ◽  
Rui-Xiang Miao ◽  
Ze-Xian Zhu ◽  
Yu-Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Functional Layer

Monolayer thin films were prepared at the interface of hexane and water to investigate the film formation ability of monomers through interfacial polymerization (IP). A tetra-calix[4]arene chloride derivative (CC) and a diamino-terminated PEG-1000 (DAP) produced a high strength membrane among the tested monomers. IP is consequently proposed to prepare a composite membrane with CC and DAP on a polysulfone (PSF) bulk membrane used for ultrafiltration. The top layer was cross-linked by heat-treating at 60°C for 2 min, with DAP (2 wt.-%) in water and CC (0.05 wt.-%) in hexane. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed that a polyamide was formed on the surface of the PSF substrate. The skin layer was a 3 μm thick smooth thin-film as determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and was also compact without gaps. Pure water flux was ~80.5 L m−2 h−1 under 0.5 MPa. Rejection of MgSO4 was round 22 %, since the calixarene-containing network was a sparse grid, and also had an affinity for metal cations. Although the skin of the composite membrane was compact under SEM, it was easy for metal cations to transfer through. This composite membrane might have good performance in other separation areas as a result of the special structure imparted by using the calixarenes as cross-linking knots.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of MWCNTs/PVDF Conductive Membrane with Cross-Linked Polymer PVA and Study on Its Anti-Fouling Performance

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
Zhansheng Guo ◽  
Xinan Dong ◽  
Hong You ◽  
Junxue Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Functional Layer ◽  
Conductive Membranes ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Conductive Membrane

Based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), a MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane was prepared by a vacuum filtration cross-linking method. The surface compositions and morphology of conductive membranes were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effects of cross-linked polymeric polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the conductive membrane properties such as the porosity, pore size distribution, pure water flux, conductivity, hydrophilicity, stability and antifouling properties were investigated. Results showed that the addition of PVA to the MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane decreased the pure water flux, porosity and the conductivity. However, the hydrophilicity of the modified MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane was greatly improved, and the contact angle of pure water was reduced from 70.18° to 25.48° with the addition of PVA contents from 0 wt% to 0.05 wt%. Meanwhile, the conductive membranes with higher content had a relatively higher stability. It was found that the conductive functional layer of the conductive membrane had an average mass loss rate of 1.22% in the 30 min ultrasonic oscillation experiment. The tensile intensity and break elongation ratio of the conductive membrane are improved by the addition of PVA, and the durability of the conductive membrane with PVA was superior to that without PVA added. The electric assisted anti-fouling experiments of modified conductive membrane indicated that compared with the condition without electric field, the average flux attenuation of the conductive membrane was reduced by 11.2%, and the membrane flux recovery rate reached 97.05%. Moreover, the addition of PVA could accelerate the clean of the conductive membranes.

scholarly journals Hot-Pressed Wet-Laid Polyethylene Terephthalate Nonwoven as Support for Separation Membranes

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xia ◽  
Quping Zhang ◽  
Xupin Zhuang ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Chengpu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Separation Membranes ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Small Pore

In this work, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven support was prepared by wet-laid and hot-press technology and used as support for separation membranes. The properties of the PET nonwoven support were studied to determine the effect of hot-pressing parameters and PET fiber ratio, and were optimized by response surface methodology. Result showed that the PET nonwoven support with 62% low melting point PET (LPET-180) fibers obtained satisfactory properties and structure after hot pressing at 220 °C under the pressure of 9 MPa for 20 s. The response surface analysis indicated that the temperature and time of hot pressing and the fiber ratio were the most important factors affecting the strength and air permeability of the PET nonwoven support. After hot pressing, the PET nonwoven support exhibited interconnected structure, small pore size, low porosity, and high strength. Then phase inversion technique was applied to prepare a polysulfone (PSF) layer on the PET nonwoven support and an ultra-thin polyamide (PA) active layer was prepared by interfacial polymerization on the PSF layer. The practicality of PET nonwoven support was verified by testing the pure water flux and retention of the PA composite membrane and the structural change of the PA composite membrane before and after use. The results proved the feasibility and remarkable application prospects of hot-pressed wet-laid PET nonwoven support as support for separation membranes.

scholarly journals Preparation of defect free TFC FO membranes using robust and highly porous ceramic substrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincai Su ◽  
Yanyan Wei ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Surface Pores

In this study, robust and defect-free thin film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes have been successfully fabricated using ceramic hollow fibers as the substrate. Polydopamine (PDA) coating under controlled conditions is effective to reduce the surface pores of the substrate and make the substrate smooth enough for the interfacial polymerization. The pure water permeability (A), solute permeability (B) and structural parameter (S) of the resultant FO membrane are 0.854 L·m-2h-1bar-1 (LMH/Bar) 0.186 L·m-2h-1 (LMH) and 1720 µm, respectively. The water flux and reverse draw solute flux are measured using NaCl and proprietary ferric sodium citrate (FeNaCA) draw solutions at low and high osmotic pressure ranges. With increasing the osmotic pressure, higher water flux is obtained but its increase is not directly proportional to the increase in the osmotic pressure. At the membrane surface, the effect of dilutive concentration polarization is much less serious for FeNaCA draw solutions. At an osmotic pressure of 89.6 bar, the developed TFC membrane generates water fluxes of 11.5 and 30.0 LMH using NaCl and synthesized FeNaCA draw solutions. The corresponding reverse draw solute flux is 7.0 g·m-2h-1 (gMH) for NaCl draw solution but it is not detectable for FeNaCA draw solution. This means that the developed TFC FO membranes are defect free and their surface pores are at molecular level. The performance of the developed TFC FO membranes are also demonstrated for the enrichment of BSA protein.

scholarly journals Effect of Kenaf MCC composition on Thin Film Composite membrane for NaCI Rejection

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Azman Ismail ◽  
Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin ◽  
Hamizah Mohktar ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Pure Water Flux

A modified thin film PSf-MCC reverse osmosis membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization between aqueous MPD and TMC as the organic monomer. Aim of this study is to determine the effect of MCC in membrane formulation and fabrication. The surface and cross section morphology of TFC PSF/MCC membrane shows MCC particle which able to improve hydrophilicity of the membrane. The SEM images showed dense and porous structure of the MCC incorporated membranes. In addition, the water contact angle measurement also confirmed the increased hydrophilicity of the modified membranes. The effect of MCC on membrane matric influence the membrane performance in terms of NaCl rejection and pure water flux. Results showed that TFC PSf/MCC membrane shows NaCl rejection up to 98.9% compared with TFC PSf membrane. TFC PSf/MCC membrane also showed the highest pure water flux which is 3.712 Lm2/hr compare with TFC PSF membrane which is 3.606 Lm2/hr. The overall result proved that MCC particle could improve membrane hydrophilicity hence, increased pure water flux and salt rejection.

scholarly journals Development of permeability properties of polyamide thin film composite nanofiltration membrane by using the dimethyl sulfoxide additive

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Akbari ◽  
Sayed Majid Mojallali Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Thin Film Composite

A novel polyamide thin film composite (PATFC) as a nanofiltration (NF) membrane was prepared by a modified interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction. Herein trimesoyl chloride and piperazine as the reagents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as additive and polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membrane as support were used respectively. The main goal of the present study is to improve TFC membrane water flux by addition of DMSO into the aqueous phase of IP reaction, without considerable rejection loss. Morphological, roughness, and chemical structures of the PATFC membrane were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The AFM analysis demonstrated that as DMSO was added to the aqueous phase, the surface roughness of PATFC membrane increased. Results showed that the pure water flux of modified-PATFC membranes increased up to 46%, compared to nonmodified-PATFC membrane, while salt rejection was not sacrificed considerably. The results elucidated that the addition of DMSO leads to an increase in the number of cross-linking bonds between monomers and pore diameter, which results in enhancement of the membrane flux. Finally, the results showed that the newly developed PATFC membrane is a high-performance NF membrane which augments the efficiency of conventional PATFC membrane.

IMPACTS OF HYDROPHILIC NANOFILLERS ON SEPARATION PERFORMANCE OF THIN FILM NANOCOMPOSITE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Chong ◽  
G. S. Lai ◽  
W. J. Lau ◽  
N. Yusof ◽  
P. S. Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Tfc Membrane ◽  
Thin Film Nanocomposite

The membrane technology is still considered a costly method to produce potable water. In view of this, RO membrane with enhanced water permeability without trade-off in salt rejection is desirable as it could further reduce the cost for water desalination. In this study, thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes containing 0.05 or 0.10 w/v% hydrophilic nanofillers in polyamide layer were synthesized via interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride monomers. The resultant TFN membranes were characterized and compared with a control thin film composite (TFC) membrane. Results from the filtration experiments showed that TFN membranes exhibited higher water permeability, salt rejection and fouling resistance compared to that of the TFC membrane. Excessive amount of nanofillers incorporated in the membrane PA layer however negatively affected the cross-linking in the polymer matrix, thus deteriorating the membrane salt rejection. TFN membrane containing 0.05 w/v% of nanofillers showed better performances than the TFC membrane, recording a pure water flux of 11.2 L/m2∙h, and salt rejection of 95.4%, 97.3% and 97.5% against NaCl, Na2SO4 and MgSO4, respectively. 

scholarly journals Antifouling Polyethersulfone-Petrol Soot Nanoparticles Composite Ultrafiltration Membrane for Dye Removal in Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Nkechi P. Nwafor ◽  
Richard M. Moutloali ◽  
Keneiloe Sikhwivhilu ◽  
Oluwole B. Familoni ◽  
Luqman A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Pure Water Flux

Engineered nanoparticles are known to boost membrane performance in membrane technology. Hitherto, tunable properties that lead to improved hydrophilicity due to increased surface oxygen functionalities upon oxidation of petrol soot have not been fully exploited in membrane filtration technology. Herein, the integration of oxidized petrol soot nanoparticles (PSN) into polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes produced via phase inversion technique for dye removal in wastewater is reported. The nanoparticles, as well as the composite membranes, were characterized with diverse physicochemical methods, particularly TEM, SEM, BET, AFM, contact angle, etc. The effect of varying the ratio of PSN (0.05–1.0 wt %) on the properties of the composite membrane was evaluated. The composite membranes displayed increased hydrophilicity, enhanced pure water flux, and antifouling properties relative to the pristine membrane. For example, the obtained pure water flux increased from 130 L·m−2·h−1 for base membrane to 265 L·m−2·h−1 for the best composite membrane (M4). The best flux recovery ratio (FRR) observed for the membranes containing PSN was ca. 80% in contrast to 49% obtained with the pristine membrane indicative of the positive influence of PSN on membrane antifouling behavior. Furthermore, the PSN composite membranes displayed relatively selective anionic dye rejection of ˃95% for Congo red and between 50–71% for methyl orange compared with 42–96% rejection obtained for cationic methylene blue dye with increasing PSN content. The successful fabrication of polyethersulfone–PSN composite membranes by a simple blending process opens a novel route for the preparation of economical, functional, and scalable water purification membranes capable of addressing the complex issue of water remediation of organic azo dyes.

Surface-Modified Zeolite-Filled Poly(piperazine-amide)/Polysulfone Composite Membrane for Potassium Extraction

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Jin Hou ◽  
Jun Sheng Yuan ◽  
Ru Shang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
Separation Factors ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Polysulfone (PS) hollow fiber microporous membrane was used as substrate, the micropores of which were filled with surface-modified zeolites suspension on the outer surface by vacuum method, and then zeolite-filled poly(piperazine-amide)/PS hollow fiber composite membrane was synthesized on the substrate by interfacial polymerization reaction with piperazine (PIP) aqueous solution and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) n-hexane solution. The substrate membrane and synthetic composite membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thin poly(piperazine-amide) active skin layer was synthesized on the substrate and the surface-modified zeolite particles were successfully embedded in the surface micropores of the substrate. The separation factors of the sample to K+ are 4.25, 60.46 and 93.61 in the mixed K+-Na+, K+-Ca2+ and K+-Mg2+ solutions respectively, which indicates that the sample has preference selectivity to K+ and can be used as a potential ion-exchange membrane for potassium continuous extraction from seawater.

Enhanced hydrophilicity and antifouling performance of PES-C/emodin ultrafiltration membrane

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110359
Author(s):  
Jinjing Li ◽  
Yiban Wu ◽  
Baining Li ◽  
Ming Hu ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water System ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes

In this article, an ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated from phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) modified with emodin using a phase-inversion method. ATR-FTIR and UV-vis analysis showed that emodin had good compatibility with the PES-C ultrafiltration membrane. SEM showed that the prepared ultrafiltration membranes consisted of a porous skin layer and a macroporous support sublayer. The contact angle value of the pure PES-C ultrafiltration membrane was 77.71° and that of the PES-C ultrafiltration membrane blended with 0.105 wt.% emodin decreased to 65.71°, which explained the fact why its pure water flux significantly increased from 190 L/m2·h to 387 L/m2·h. The antifouling properties of the obtained ultrafiltration membranes were assessed by static protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, antibacterial tests, and filtration experiments with BSA. The PES-C (13.895 wt.%)/emodin (0.105 wt.%) ultrafiltration membrane presented the lowest protein adsorption rate (1.44%), the highest flux recovery ratio (57%), and the largest inhibition zone diameter (3.0 ± 0.06 mm). Compared with that of the pure PES-C ultrafiltration membrane, the bacterial adhesion effect of the PES-C/emodin (0.105 wt.%) ultrafiltration membrane was significantly reduced. In addition, PES-C incorporated into the emodin ultrafiltration membrane had excellent stability in a deionized water system.

Tailoring the structure of polyamide thin film composite membrane with zwitterions to achieve high water permeability and antifouling property

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (120) ◽  
pp. 98730-98739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Weng ◽  
Yanli Ji ◽  
Fengyang Zhao ◽  
Quanfu An ◽  
Congjie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
High Water ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite Membrane ◽  
Thin Film Composite

Zwitterionic membranes prepared via interfacial polymerization directly exhibit remarkably high water flux (80.3 L m−2 h−1) and protein adsorption resistance.

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